.i^f^i^
W^' ;i
^K^r^Wl^ ' ^'^
the ppesence of this Book
in
thej.m. kelly liBRAPy
has Been made possiBle
thRouqh the qeneposity
of
Stephen B. Roman
From the Library of Daniel Binchy
'4
Jt
I
. 1(1^ The Book of Rfghts, cd,tcd by John
M Lj. Ui/w> CU
Oy<^^.kj •TgJlM"ts\r-ejjr-
•T-a .
Z. i^U/ -^ ".viv jvut^v r^ uvi ^W,v<.t^
f^^. }d ^Q '^'nfj- C^yVj^^yfM,iT.)
20H-
■N.
'vS-
aiz-
ceabiiaR nq 5-aeaRU.
THE BOOK.'bF EKJ-JITS.
:« '4
» . >
:
I
I
teabliciR NCI 5-ceaRc,
OK
THE BOOK OF RIGHTS,
NOW FOR THE FIRST TIME EDITED,
WITH TRANSLATION AND NOTES.
nv
JOHN O'DONOVAN, ESQ., M. IJ. I. A.,
iJAllRlSTEU AT LAW.
D u r> L I N :
I'UINTED FOR TIIK CELTIC SOCIETY.
18'17.
DUBLIN ;
riUXTKD AT THE UNIVEUSITY PKESS,
BY M. H. GILL.
OFFICERS
ELECTED AT THE FORMATION OF THE SOCIETY.
■^rcsitlEnt :
SIR AUBREY DE VERE, BART.
Ftce='^rcsltjcnts :
Butt, Isaac, Esq., LL. 1).
Hudson, the Very Rev. Edward Gus-
TAvus,Dean of Armagh.
Kane, Sir Robekt, M. D., M. R. I. A.,
President of the Queen's College, Cork.
MoNSELL, AViLLiAM, Esq., M. R. I. A.
O'Brien, William Smith, Esq., M.P.
M. R. I. A.
O'CoNNELL, Daniel, Esq., M. P.
Renehan, the Very Rev. Laurence,
D. D., President', Royal College of
St. Patrick, Maynooth.
trustees :
Hudson, Henry, Esq., M. D., M. R. I. A.
Hutton, Thomas, Esq., M. R. I. A.
S-weetman, Walter, Esq., M. R. I. A.
O'Loghlen, Sir Colman Michael, Bart.
Strrttaius :
BiNDON, Samuel H., Esq.
Webb, Patrick Robert, Esq.
€oundl :
Barry, Michael Joseph, Esq.
Cholly, the Rev. George, D. D., Pro-
fessor, Royal College of St. Patrick,
Maynooth.
Duffy, Charles Gavan, Esq.
Ferguson, Samuel, Esq., M. R. I. A.
FiTZPATRicK, Patrick Vincent, Esq.
Graves, the Rev. Charles, A. M.,
Professor and F. T. C. D., M.R.I.A.
Hahdiman, James, E.S(1., M. R. I. A.
Hudson, William Elliot, Esq., A.M.,
M. R. I. A.
Kelly, tiie Rev. Matthew, Professor,
Royal College of St. Patrick, IMay-
nooth.
Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan, Esq.
Mac Carthy, Michael Felix, Esq.
Mac Cullagii, William Torrens,
Esq., M.R.I.A.
Mac Ivor, the Rev. James, F. T. CD.
MiTCHEL, John, Esq.
NowLAN, the Very Rev. Edward, V.G.
Ossory; P.P. Gowran.
O'Callaohan, Isaac Stoney, Escj.
O'Hagan, Thomas, Esq.
Pigot, John Edm'ard, Esq.
Starkly, Digby Pilot, Esq., A. M.,
M. R. I. A.
Tenison, Edw. King, Esq., M. R. I. A.
Tighe, Robert, Esq., A.M., M.R.I.A.
Wilde, William Robert, Esq.,
M. R. I. A.
Assistant Sctrctnrn :
Mr. .John Daly.
dToncsponUing 'tetrctniics:
Cork. — John Windele, Es(|.
Kilkenny. — Roiieht Cane, Es(|., M. D.
Waterford. — Thomas Francis Meagher, E8(|.
Anna>;h. — Mb. John Cohry.
CTorrcspoutJing Associate ^broalj:
Kiciiahd Robert Madden, Es*)., M. I)., M. H. 1. .V.
Ihe Council of the Celtic Society having intrusted me with the superintendence of
this volume in its progress through the Press, I hereby certify that it is, in all respects,
conformable to the rules of the Society. I also take this opportunity of expressing,
upon the part of the Council, their thanks to the Royal Irish Academy, for the permis-
sion to print this work from their most valuable MSS. ; to the Provost and Board of
Trinity College, for access to their Manuscript Library ; and to the Rev. Doctor Todd,
for facilities in the consultation of it which he was kind enough to afford. To John
O' Donovan, Esq., our thanks are pre-eminently due, for the learning and zeal which
he has exhibited in the editing and general arrangement of the loork. In it 7vill be re-
cognized a further proof of the critical and profound knowledge which he possesses of
the language of our country, as well as of its topography and history. The services of
Mr. Eugene Curry have been invaluable, and I am happy to record that his intimate
knoivledge of our ancient literature has throughout the work been made available.
I cannot close these observations without tetideriiig our warm gratitude to the dis-
tinguished artist, Frederick W. Burton, Esq., R. H. A,, whose pencil has graced our
title-page with a group as classic as it is Irish, and which cannot fail to excite, in every
Irish mind, true feelings of pride and satisfaction. It is to George Du Noyer, Esq.,
that we owe the drawings of the ancient chess-king from the cabinet ofDr.'Petrie, which
will he found in our Introduction ; and to Mr. Hanlon we are indebted for the wood-
cuts used there as tvell as in our illustrated title-page.
William Elliot Hudson,
Member of the Council,
•illh Jul!/,—2lst December, 1847
CONTENTS.
-♦ —
r.VGE.
Introduction.
Of Leabhar na g-Ceart, i
Of the Saltair Chaisil, xxii
Of the will of Cathaeir Mor, and other pieces introduced
into Leabhar na g-Ceart, xxxiii
Of the References to Tomar as King or Prince of the Galls
of Dublin, xxxvi
Of the Tract prefixed to the Book of Rights, entitled
" Geasa agus Buadha Riogh Eireann," xlii
Of the Division of the Year among the ancient Irish, . . xlviii
Of the Chariots and Roads of the ancient Irish, .... Ivi
Of Chess among the ancient Irish, Ixi
On the Irish Text and Translation, Ixv
■Jeapa agup buaoha Rfogh 6i]ieann.
Prose, 2
Poem — Q pip am laoap in ceach, 8
Ceabliaji na g-Ceajic.
1. Olijheubli ^^ijh Chaipil.
First Prose, 28
First poem — t)lij5eab each pi^ 6 pi^ Cuipil, .32
Second prose, 42
Second poem — Ceapc Chaipil, cen clipoo uici thupuio, . ib.
Vlll CONTENTS.
PAGE.
I. t)li^heaoh T^ijh Chaipl. — Contimied.
Third prose, 50
Third poem — 6enen — beanoachc pop m n-jen, .... 52
Fourth prose, 60
Fourth poem — Cip Caipil in cualabaip, 62
Fifth prose, 68
Fifth poem — Ct eolaij murhan moipi, 70
Sixth prose, 80
Sixth poem — Qca punb peanchap, puaipc ppeach, . . ib.
Seventh prose, 86
Seventh poem — Qpa peapaoaip a n-joip, 88
II. t)li5heaDh Rijh Chpuachan.
First prose, 96
First poem — ©'pcij pe peanchap nach puaiU, .... 98
Second prose, 110
Second poem — Uuapipcal cuicio Chonoacc, 112
III. Olijheabh Rio^h Qilijh, Oipjhiall, ajup Ulaoh.
1. tDlijheaDh Ri^h Qilijh.
First prose, 118
Firstpoem— Ceapc pig Qilij, eip[c]i6 pip, 120
Second prose, 126
Second poem — Q f?ip, Da n-oeachaip p6 cuaio, .... 128
2. Dligheabh Rijh Oipjhiall.
First prose, - . . . . 134
First poem — Sipcig cam clumebaip, 136
Second prose, 142
Second poem — In cheipc-pea pop chloinb Colla, ... 144
3. tDligheauh Rijh ULaoh.
First prose, 154
First poem, — Qca puno pochop UIqd, 156
Second prose, ] 68
Second poem — t)liji6 pi^ Bamna acup Ula6, .... ib.
CONTENTS.
IX
IV. Olijheaoh Rijli Ueamhpach.
First prose,
First poem — tJlijio ptj Ueariipa cuipim,
Second prose,
Second poem — CJp cuach TTlibi, mop jn peel, ....
V. Olijhenbhl^ijhCaijhean, ajupUiomnuChachaeipmhoip.
First prose,
First poem — Ceapc pij ^aijean po luaiD 6en^n, . . .
Second prose,
Second poem — Coipci^, a ^aijniu na laech,
Third poem — Ha paep-chipa, plichcao cuap, . . . .
Fourth poem — Qca puno peanchap, puaipc, peanj, . .
VI. 6eannachr phabpui^ "S^P Ceapc Riojh 6ipeann a
D-Ueatnhpaigh,
Introductory poem by Dubhthach Mac Ui Lughair
Hioli^ cuaipc no ceanoaijeachc,
First poem — Ueariiaip, ceach a m-bi ITlac Cuino,
Second poem — Ueamajp nocho bip o6-pon, . .
Third poem — t)li5i6 pij Ulao eariina, . . .
Fourth poem — '^(iO\'a pi^ Lllao Gariina, . . .
Fifth poem — t)o Buci6aib pij Ulao uill, . . .
Sixth poem — t)li^i6 pi Nuip, unopa, ....
Seventh poem — Seachc (5)-capbaiD ap a m-bia op
Eighth poem — ^eapa pij Caijean ao chim, . .
Ninth poem — 6pij5ib do p^ip im a padi, . . .
Tenth poem — t)liji6 pi Chaipil na (j5)-cpeach, .
Eleventh poem — Upi buaoa pij Chaipil cam, .
Twelfth poem — tDlij^io 6 ploich 6uimni^ lip,
Thirteenth poem — Oli^io pij^ Chopco 6haipcin,
Fourteenth poem — ^eapa pij 6uimnij5 leachain,
Fifteenth poem — tDlij^ib plaich Chpuachan, nu cei
Sixteenth poem — 5^'p bo Cpuacha b' pap p6 cpi,
Seventeenth poem — Oli^iopi h-Uu TTluine mop,
Eighteenth poem — Olij^io \\< TDidi in mcipcaio, .
Nineteenth poem — ^eapa pij Bojam 'n-a chij, .
PAGE.
176
178
182
184
192
204
216
218
222
224
234
236
238
ib.
240
248
ib.
250
ib.
252
ib.
254
258
260
ib.
262
ib.
264
ib.
266
ib.
X CONTENTS.
VARIOUS READINGS.
PAGE,
In — ^eapa ajup 6ua&ha l^iojh ©ipeann, 271
In — ^^eabhap na j-Ceapc: .1.
I. Dligheaoh Rijh Chaipil, 274
II. Dlijheabh Rijh Chpuachan, 278
III. 1. tJlijheaDh Righ Qiligh, 280
III. 2. DligheaDh Rijh Oipghiall, 281
III. 3. Dligheabh l^ijh Ulabh, 282
IV. t)li5heaDh TJigh Ueamhpach, 283
V. tDligheaDhRigh Caighean, ajup Ciomna Chachaeip
mho.p, 284
VI. 6eannachc phdopuij, ajup Ceapc Riojh Gipeann
a b-Ueamhpaijh, - . 287
Additional Remarks on the MSS., 290
coreigenda, 294
Index, 295
ERRATA.
Page 6, notes, col. 1, line 7, /or in the first century, read A. D. 130.
9, col. 1, line 15, after sub fine, add and Trias Thanm, p. 133.
29, col. 2, line 4,/o?- 1585 read 1595.
30, col. 1, line 3, add Ilaliday's Ed., p. 136.
31, text, line 19, and in note '', for Alplainn, read Alplann.
32, notes, col. 1, line 9, fur all that \>&Ytread all that part of Leinster.
40, col. 2, line 9, for Sliabh BUulhma read Sliabh liladlima.
46, col. 2, lines 19 and 21, for O'Eidii'Sceoill and Dai-fliine, read 0 h-Eidirsceoill and
Dairfhine.
50, col. 1, line 1, for Fiacha Luighdhe, read Fiacha Suighdhc.
63 and 59, text and note, /or Raithlcann, read Raithlinn.
58, notes, col. 2, at the end, for Mac Cuilleanain, read Mac Cuiloannain.
59, col. 2, line 14, /or Kilcrobane, read Kilcrohane.
71, text, linos 16, 17, for Ye and If ye are read Oh and If thou art.
72, notes, col. 2, line 21, for the son of, &c., read second son of Daire Cearba, and add See
Ogj'gia, Part iii. c. 81.
74 and 75, text and notes on Dairbhre, for Dairfliine, read Puibhne. i.e. Corca Duibhnc.
79, notes, col. 2, line 10, /or Eile Fhogartaigh read Eile Ui Fhogartaigh.
81, text, lin'' 4, /or Ye learned read Oh learned man.
88, notes, col. 1, line 7, dele which was called Laigliin Deas-ghabhair by the ancient Irish.
94, col. 2, line 5, for A. M. 305, read A. M. 3501.
108, col. 1, line 7, for Mac Diarmaid read Mac Diarmada.
143, notes, col. 2, hne, 7, /or pp. 801, 802, read 301, 302.
165, col. 1, line 9yfor Maigh Inis, read Magh Inis.
174, col. 1, lines 7 and 10,/or Tuatb, read Tuatha.
193, col. 2, line 5,/or Clann Maeiliaghra read Clann Machighra.
237, line 25, /o»- Let him not be an old nisty vessel read That he be not a vessel of old words.
256, notes, line 1,/or 184, note "> read 49, note •*•
INTRODUCTION.
Of Lcabhar na g-Ccart.
Two ancient vellum copies of this work are in existence, one in the
Leabhai- Leacaiu (Book of "Lecan") which was compiled from various
other MSS., by Giolla losa Mor Mac Firbisigh of Leacan, in the county
of Sligo, chief historian to O'Dubhda (O'Dowda) in the year 1418.
This copy begins at folio 184, and ends at folio 193, coniprising thirty-
eight closely written columns of the book. The other copy is preserved
in Lcabhar Bhaile an Mhuta (Book of " Ballymote") which Avas com-
piled by various persons, but chiefly by Solamh O'Droma, from older
MSS., about the year 1390, for Tomaltach INIac Donnchadha (Mac
Donough), then chief of the territories of Tir Oiliolla, Corann, Airteach, "** *
Tir Thuatliail, and Clann Fearn-mhaighe, extending into the counties
of Sligo, Roscommon, and Leitrim. This copy begins at folio 147 and
ends at folio 154 a, col. 2, comprising thirty columns of that book.
"Various modern paper copies are extant and accessible, but they
have been found, on comparison with the two vellum ones just referred
to, to be of no authority, as they were evidently made primarily or se-
condarily from either of them, with several corruptions of the respec-
tive scribes, none of whom thoroughly understood the language, as is
quite evident from the nature of the corruptions (or, as tiny fancied,
corrections) of the text made by them.
a
ii Introduction.
An abstract of this work was published by Hugh Mac Curtiu in his
Brief Discourse in Vindication of the Antiquity of Ireland, pp. 173-175,
and pp. 221-240. An abstract of it is also given by Dr. John O'Brien,
R. C. Bishop of Cloyne, in his Dissertations on the Laws of the ancient
Irish, a work which was published by Vallancey, in 1774, in the third
number of the Collectanea de Rebus Hihernicis, where this abstract occu-
pies from p. 374 to p. 389.' The suppression of O'Brien's name in the
pviblication of this has caused confusion. Thus, when the author says,
" in my copy of the Annales Innisfallenses, I find," &c., all siibsequent
writers took for granted that this referred to Vallancey's copy of these
Annals, whereas the fact turns out to be that the "my copy of the
Annales Innisfallenses,'''' throughout this work, refers to a compilation of
Annals made for Dr. John O'Brien, by John Conry, in 1 760, at Paris,
from all accessible Irish, Anglo-Irish, and English sources, of which
the autograph is now presarved in the Library of Trinity College,
Dublin, with various marginal condemnatory notes in the hand-writing
of Charles O'Conor of Belanagare. In consequence of the suppression
of O'Brien's name in connexion with that work, it has been quoted as
Vallancey's own by .all those who have since treated of the subject,
but more particularly by Mr. Moore, who frequently quotes Val-
lancey's Dissertation on the Laws of Tanistry, in his History of Ire-
land, as a work of authority.
The original Irish of the present work, however, never saw the
light before the present edition, and writers have been quoting from
it as the genuine work of Benean or St. Benignus, who was the disci-
ple of St. Patrick, and his comharba or successor at Ard Macha
(Armagh), but without letting the public know where the best
copies of it are preserved, or what real claims it has to be considered
the genuine work of St. Benean.
Benean was of a Mixnster family, being descended from Tadhg mac
Introduction. iii
Cein* (the grandson of Oilioll Olum, king of Minister), to whom king
Corraac mac Airt, about the year 254, had granted the territory of
Cianaclita Breagh, which comprised the district around Daimhliag
(Duleek), and all the plain from thence to the hills of Maeldoid at the
River Life (Liffey). The occasion of his conversion to Christianity is
described in all the old Lives of St. Patrick, and in Benean's own Life''.
St. Patrick being at Leath Chathail (Lecale in Ulster), and having de-
termined on celebrating the Easter of the year 433 near Teamhair or
Tara, where, he knew, the Feis Teamhrach was then to be celebrated
by the king and all his toparchs, took leave of his northern friend and
convert Dicho, and, sailing southwards, put into the harbour of Inbhear
Colpa (Colp), the mouth of the Boinn or Boyne. There he left his
boat in care of one of his disciples, and set out on foot through the
great plain of Breagh (Bregia), in which the palace (of Tara) was situ-
ate. On their way, and not long after landing, they went to the
house of a respectable man (viri nohilis) named Sescnean, where they
were entertained and passed the night. St. Patrick is said on this
occasion to have converted and baptized this Sescnean and all his family,
among whom was Benean, then seven years old, to whom, at the bap-
tism, Patrick gave the name of Benignus, from his benign disposition.
This boy became so attached to St. Patrick, that he insisted on going
along with him. St. Patrick received him with pleasure into his so-
» According to the genealogies of the liis Supplement to the Lives of St. Ratiick,
saints collected by the O'Clerighs, Benean, Trias Thaum, p. 203. From these it would
bishop and primate, was the son of Sesgnean, appear that the Life was in Irish, and
son of Laei, son of Tadiig, son of Cian, son translated into Latin by Colgan, who in-
of Oilioll Olum. See Leubhama y-Ceart, tended publishing it at tlie 9th of Novem-
poBt, p. 50, where he is said to be of the ber. There is an Irish Life of this saint in
Cianaclita of Gleann Geimhin, of the raco the Burgundian Library at Brussels, ac-
ofTadlig, son of Cian. cording to Mr. Bindon's Catalogue of the
'' Considerable extracts from the Life of Irish MSS. in tliat Lilirary, printed in the
Bcniginis have been printed by Colgan, in Proceedings of the R. I. A., vol. iii. p. 485.
a 2
iv Introduction.
ciety, and Benignus tlienceforth became one of his most favorite dis-
ciples. According to the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, however, the
apostle met Sescnean when he first landed at Inis Phadriiig, near Dub-
lin (lib. i. c. 45); but Doctor Lanigan thinks that this date is contra-
dicted by the whole tenor of St. Patrick's proceedings. Be this as it*
may, we are informed in one of the chapters of the Life of St. Be-
nignus, which Colgan has published in his Trias Thaum., p. 205, that
when he became qualified to preach the Gospel, he was employed in
various parts ^of Ireland, and particularly in those regions which
St. Patrick had not visited in person. Among these is particularly men-
tioned " lar Momonia", or West Munster, and " Corcomrogia" Corcum-
ruadh (Corcomroe, in the county of Clare). But he became in a special
manner the patron of Connacht, where he erected his principal church,
called in the time of the writer Cill Benein, at Dun Lughaidh, in the
territory of Conmaicne Chineil Dubhain ("Kilbanan" in the barony
of Dunmore and county of Galway, where the remains of a round .
tower still indicate the ancient importance of the place) ; and it is
added that he blessed the province of Connacht " from the River Dro-
bhaeis to Muireasc Eoghain near Luimneach, and from Leim Lara to
Pruim Snamha in the district of Gabhal Liiiin" (Galloon, at Lough
Erne), in which region the inhabitants paid him and his successors,
yearly, " lacticiniorum, vitulorum, agnorum, idque generis animan-
tium primitias." — Trias Thaum., c. 32, p. 205.
But the relatives of St. Benignus, to wit, the race of Eoghan of
Caiseal, the descendants of ^Oilioll Oluni,' and other Munster tribes,
hearing that he had blessed the province of Connacht in preference to
Munster, of the royal stock of which he was himself descended, though
St. Patrick mshed him to bless the south, were in no small degree
offended; but St. Benignus, to make some amends for this obvious
dereliction of provincial duty, commenced and composed that famous
Introduction. v
Chronicon, called the Psalter of Caiscal"^, in Avhich are described the
acts, laws, prerogatives, and succession, not only of the luonarchs of all
Ireland, but also those of the kings of Munster.
The passage runs as follows in the Latin of Colgan : —
" Cognati Sancti Benigni, vt populus Eoganias Casselensis, Olil-
diana progenies, et alij Momonienses, audito prcedicto eius facto, non
parum offensi et contra virum Dei indignati dicuntur. S. autem Be-
nignus, vt istam ofFensam aliquo grato dilueret obsequio, famosum
illud Chronicon, quod Psalterium Casselense nuncupatur, inchoauit et
composuit: in quo non solum totius Hibernite Monarcharum, sed spe-
cialiter regum ]\Iumonia3 acta, jura, prajrogativa;, et successio con-
scribantur." — Trias Thcmm., c. 33, p. 205.
Benignus afterwards, in 455, iipon St. Patrick's retirement, suc-
ceeded him, and, having himself resigned his bishopric in 465, died on
the 9th of November, 468, and was buried at Ard Macha (Armagh)*^.
The passage, which we have just cited out of Colgau's extracts from
the Life of St. Benignus, has been overlooked by our writers. It es-
•• It is usually supposed that this work "Yet Saltair signifies also I'snftcr, and
was called P.va/<er because it was priiici- the Psaltair, or Suliair-nu-rutni, -was not r
pally written in verse. Doctor Lanigan, clironicle."
howLver, informs us (Pxcl. Hist. vol. iii. "i Dr. Lanigan remarks (vol i. ]). 377):
p. 35(1, note 58), that " !iis deceased wortliy " How a storj' about Iknigiuis having died
IVicnd, General Vallancey," informed hini at Rome, got into the Ailnals of Innisfalkn,
that tiiis was a mistake, as tlie original title I cannot discover." Tlie Doctor was not
of the work was Saltair, " wliich, he said, aware tiiat what lie ipiotcs tln-oughout his
hignilies chronicle; aud that he states the Ecclesiastical History of Ireland, as tlie
.sime iu his Prospectus of a Dictionary of Annals of Innisfallen, is only a coniiiilatioii
theani'ient Irish, at T'HjVtvjc.'' Dr. Lanigan, made at Paris, A. D. 17<iO, from old Iri.^h
liowever, though he would wish to agree .stories, the Cailhrciin Tlwirdlifalbliuigli,
with Vallancey in everything, was too pro- Giraldiis famlirciiais, Pcmbridge's Aiuials,
found a scholar to be led astray bj- his vene- and NN'an-'s Anna!', by .lolm Conry and
ration for the memory of his dc|)artt'd fricinl. Dr. < )'Hricn, author oftlie Iiish hielionary.
and, too holiest to pass any opinion without We are indcljted to l!ic Irisii Arrlueologi-
some authority, he had the courage to add : tal .Society for this discovery.
vi Introduction.
tablislies tlie important fact that Benean commenced (inckoavit) the
celebrated Pscdtermm Casselense ; and as it is a matter of extreme inte-
rest to examine the existing evidence as to that record, of which only
a small fragment is known to exist, we shall collect what can be stated
respecting it in a subsequent part of this Introduction.
That passage further proves that Benean put together and entered
in the Psalter an account of the rights {jura) of the monarchs of all Ire-
land, and especially of the kings of Munster. Now, one of the poems in
our book, in treating of those rights says (p. 52), that Benean put in the
Psalter of Caiseal the history of each Munster king, and his income ; and
the conclusion reasonably follows that Benean commenced and composed
some such Book of Eights as this, and placed it in the Saltair Chaisil.
Edward O'Keilly (in his Irish Writers, p. 28), saw the fallacy of
attributing the authorship of the Book of Rights, in its present form,
toBt. Benean, and expressed his doubts as to the fact, as the " language,
and some internal evidences in the composition, show it to be at least
enlarged and altered in a period nearer to our own times." In fact>
though it cannot be denied that there was a Leabhar na g-Ceart drawn
up after the establishment of Chi'istianity, which received the sanction
of St. Benignus, it cannot be pronounced that any part of the Avork, in
its present form, was. written by that bishop.
It gives an account of the rights of the monarchs of all Ireland, and
the revenues payable to them by the principal kings of the several
provinces, and of the stipends paid by the monarchs to the inferior
kings for their services. It also treats of the rights of each of the
provincial kings, and the revenues payable to them from the inferior
kings of the districts or tribes subsidiary to them, and of the stipends
paid by the superior to the inferior provincial kings for their services.
These accounts are authoritatively delivered in verse, each poem
being introduced by a prose statement; and of those joint pieces.
Introduction. vii
twenty-one in number, seven are devoted to Munster, and the rights of
the ajib pi j, or monarch of all Ireland, are treated of under this head ;
for it first supposes the king of Munster to be the monarch, and then
subjoins an account of his rights, when he is not king over all Ireland.
Two pieces are then devoted to the province of Connacht, tAvo to each
of the three divisions of Ulster, two to Midhe or Meath, and two to
Leinster, with an additional poem on the Galls or foreigners of Dublin,
and a concluding piece on the rights of the kings at Teanihair or Tara.
The prosa usually purports to be a short statement or summary of
the poem which follows, and which it treats as a pre-existing docu-
ment. These prose introductions almost uniformly conclude with an
allegation that Benean said or sang as follows, de qidbus Benean dixit,
. . . amail ao peab 6enean . . . . uo beapc .... po cheac ....
po cacam .... pop pio . . . . po pV\ . . . . po can 6enean; see pp. 32,
42, 52, 62, 70, 80, 88, 98, 112, 118, 128, 136, 144, 156, 168,
176, 184, 204, 218, 224, 238. Some of them go farther, and call
him in c-ujoap, the author, p. 32, and m pili, the poet, p. 70.
Nor is this direct allegation of Benean's authorship confined to the
concluding prose lines; it occurs in an opening at p. 97, and it is
put almost as strongly at p. 50, ipiao po Beop cecupca 6enen, " these
are, further, the inculcations, or instructions of Benean ;" and the in-
troduction to the whole work in the Bo»k of Baile an Mhuta, p. 30
(which has not a corresponding passage in the Book of Leacan), iises
an expression but slightly difi'erent .... umail po opoajj 6enean,
i. e. " the tribute and stipends of Ireland as Benean ordained,'''' . . . and
'it refers to the Book of Gleann da Loch as the authority.
Now, it is curious that the poems themselves, in general, do not
profess to be the productions of Benean; and the additional rann or
stanza at p. 68, infra (which is only found in the Book of Leacan), can
scarcely be viewed a^ an exception to this. On tlic internal evidence
viii Introduction.
of the poems, as to the authorship of them, it will become very clear
that he was not the author ; and those who have " fathered" the Book
on St. Benean, to use O'Reilly's expression (Ir. Writ. p. 109), must have
confined their reading to the prose.
It will appear upon careful consideration that most of the stipends
and tributes mentioned in Leahhar na g-Ceart were traditional, and
many of them of great antiquity. The tributes of Midhe (Meath)
are said (p. 1 84), to be related as they were rendered from the time
of Conn of the Hundred Battles. It is probable, in^ed, that the
accounts were originally digested, and perhaps put into metre, by
St. Benean; but that the work was afterAvards, towards the beginning
of the tenth century, altered and enlarged by Cormac Mac Ciiileannain,
bishop-king of Caiseal or Munster, assisted by Sealbhach the sage,
and Aenghus, so as to agree with the tribes and siibdivisions of Ire-
land at that period. This appears quite plain from the notices of
Sealbhach and Aenghus, at p. 60, and of Mac Cuileannain, at p. 86.
The poet Sealbhach was secretary to Cormac, " Seluacius S. Cor-
niaco a secretis vir eximiaj pietatis et doctrine." — Acta SS. p. 5; and
in the same place Colgan says that he survived Cormac for some years,
and that he wrote concerning his virtues and death: "Vixit autem
Seluacius aliquot annis post S. Cormacum, de cuius morte et virtu-
t^lnis inter alia miilta, puldire scrips! t." — Ibid. As Cormac, accord-
ing to the Annals of Ulster, and to Ware, vol. i. p. 465, began his reign
A, D. 901, and was killed at the battle of Bealach Mughna, A. D. 908,
we can A-ery nearly fix the date of the composition.
We shall presently find further evidence to show that the poems,
in their present form, cannot be ascribed to so early a period as the time
of St. Benean; but there is every reason to believe that the older
Book of Rights, which was said to have been written by St. Benean,
was in existence in the time of Cormac.
Introduction. ix
Now, let us look closely through these several pieces.
"We have seen that the writer of the prose attributes the first piece
to the gifted author Beilean, the soil of Sescnean ; but the commence-
ment of the poem immediately following leads to the inference that it
was the composition of one who had arrived at the station of chief poet
of Ireland ; for he claims for the men who held that office, and wore the
Taeidhean, or ornamented mantle, made of the skins and feathers of
various coloured birds (Cormac's Glossary), the true knowledge of the
rights of Caiseal, which, to bards^, should be a question for ever.
In the second poem there is a similar allusion, p. 42, for the poet
sings that it is his diifi/ to record the right of Caiseal, and that it is
pleasing to the king of Gabhran to find it acknowledged by his poet.
In the third piece the writer of the poem actually addresses Benean
as a third person, and implores a blessing on him ; asserting that it was
he who put in the Saltair Chaisil the tradition or history of the king
of Caiseal and of his income. That was evidently an antecedent Saltair,
which the writer afterwards refers to (p. 60), as the Psalter of the God
of Purity, in which he had found it recorded that Benean had remained
at Caiseal from Shrovetide to Easter.
The writer of the prose, as usual, ascribes this poem to St. Benean,
the son of Sescnean the Psalmist, but the poem itself furnishes internal
evidence that it was not composed by him, or for centuries after his
time. It refers to the cursing of Teamhair (Tai-a) by Saint Ruadhan,
A. D. 56.3; see p 53, n. ", infra; it mentions the Galls or foreigners oi^
Dublin, and the duty of driving them out from Leinster and Munster
(p. 54); and if those foreigners were the Northmen, such an allusion
could not have been made before the eighth or ninth century. It states
the great dignity and prerogatives of Caitseal, and complains that the
" Sco page 183, and note ' there.
X Introduction.
people of Leiuster and race of Conn did not subscribe to those preroga-
tives ; and in tlie concluding stanza the poem requests Sealbhach the
Saei, or learned Doctor, to maintain those privileges.
We have already, p. vii., mentioned the fourth piece, and its conclud-
ing verse, p. 68, wherein Benean is made to speak in the first person.
The fifth poem refers to Benean as the one who had shaj^ed the
stipends of Caiseal, and it does not say that he wrote the piece.
Again, in the sixth poem, which begins at p. 80, and ends at
p. 87, distinct mention is made of Mac Cuileannain himself, from which
we must conclude that these poems were written during his time, and
indeed possibly this particular poem was written by himself, for the
writer pledges the siipport of Mac Cuileannain to the sage or ollamh
who maintains the system he is expounding, as it is.
Again, the poem which begins on p. 98, and ends on p. Ill, plainly
betrays a later age by mentioning (see p. 107, infra) the free tribe of
"Siol Muireadhaigh," for the jirogenitor of this tribe, Muireadhach
Muilleathan, king of Connacht, died, according to the Four Masters,
in the year 700, recte 701 (see Tribes and Customs of Ui Maine, p. 73,
note '^), and of course was unknown to Benean, though the prose, as
usual, attributes the composition to him. He died in the year 468,
i. e. 233 years before the ancestor whose race is mentioned in the
poem. The language of the poem is, however, very different from
the })rose, and in its concluding rann the writer plainly distinguishes
himself as the follower of Benean, not Benean himself, as follows :
" Well has Benean exactly found
This knowledge — it is no injustice,
/ shall state it as it is,
Ye noble people, hear it!"
The mention of Leath Chathail in the poems on Uladh, pp. 164 and
172, is decisive to show that they could not have been written by
Introduction. ^ xi
Benean in the fifth century. We have shown (p. 165, n. ^ ) that an &\\-
cestor of Cathal, from whom the territory took its name, was slain in
the year 627. In the splendid volume on the Ecclesiastical Antiqui-
ties of Down, Connor, and Dromore, by the Rev, Mr. Reeves, pp. 201,
257, n. ", and 365, n. ^, now published, the reader will find the mate-
rials for fixing the era of this Cathal to the middle of the eighth century,
and of the adoption of the territorial name to the middle of the ninth,
A. D. 850.
So, the frequent references to the Gallsj and to Tomar, as prince
of Dublin, pp. 41, 206, demonstrate that the poems in which they
occur could not have been written before the end of the ninth century,
as will appear from a subsequent part of this Introduction.
The writer of the poem, at p. 1 34, says that he had found the history
of the race of Niall in books where Benean' s faithful hand had traced it,
making it as plain as language can, that the writer composed his poem
Ibunded upon previous books of which Benean was author.
The allusions to Benean at pp. 155, 168, 178, all are to the like
cft'ect; that at p. 168 speaks of Benean as having inculcated the matter
in his day, i. e,, as if he were then 4ead; and that at p. 178, when it
alleges that a Latin scholar had fully observed the right, must mean,
either that Benean had composed his book in Latin, or that some other
Latin scholar had intervened, and written on the subject in Latin.
The language of the poem which commences at p. 204, is remark-
able; viz., that " Benean related the right of the king of Laighin; in
the decision of an author he found it;" intimating the writer's testi-
mony that Benean had recorded this right in conformity with the
judgment of a previous author.
Even the poem on the Galls of Ath Cliath does not purport to i)e
written by Benean ; for the writer says:
" The prolits of Atli Cliatli / will not conceal,
As Benean lias fixefl them. "
xii Introduction.
This poem on the Galls or foreigners of Dublin, pp. 224, &c., and
their conversion to Christianity by St. Patrick, may possibly have been
produced about the same period of Cormac Mac Cuileannain, though it
is difficult to believe that it was allowed to be transcribed into the Sal-
tair Chaisil by Cormac and his secretary, who, living so near the period
of the first Northman or Danish settlement in Dublin, could not be
supposed to lend their authority to such a story.
It is much more likely that this poem was written and circulated
at a much later period, when the Christian Danes refused to submit to
the ecclesiastical jurisdiction or authority of Armagh ; and when it was
found useful by the Danish party to have it believed that their ancestors
had been settled in Dublin as early as the fifth century, and converted
to Christianity by St. Patrick, immediately after his having cursed
Teamhair or Tara. The Danes of Dublin, on that occasion, placed
themselves under Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury ; and the jea-
lousy that existed between the tAvo races at that period is manifest
from the letter addressed to Ralph, Archbishop of Canterbury, by the
clergy and burgesses of Dublin, published by Ussher (Syllog. No. 40),
in which they tell him that the bishops of Ireland, and most of all the
one who resided at Armagh, entertained a very great jealousy against
them. " Sciatis vos revera, quod Episcopi Ilibernice maximum zelum
erga nos habent et maxime ille Episcopus qui habitat Ardimacha;;
quia nos nolumus obedire ordinationi, sed semper sub vestro dominio
esse volumus."
How early' this Iberno-Danish figment was copied, as an authentic
docviment, into the historical books of the nation, it is now difficult to
determine, but it is quite obvious it had found its way into Lcabhar
na g-Ccart long before the period of the compilation of the Books of
T.eacan and Ballymote, for it had been i^iterpolated in the MSS. from
which the copies as they now stand were made.
'J'liis fiction also attempts to pull down the veneration lor the Ne-
' Introduction. xiii
potes Neill, by making St. Patrick curse the monarch of that race,
from which it looks probable that some of the rival race of OilioU
Olum had a hand in the production of it ; for it certainly was intended
to raise the dignity of Caiseal abo-fe that of Teamhair, and to exalt the
race of Oilioll Olum above that of Conn of the Hundred Battles. As
this controversy respecting the claims of the northern and southern
Irish kings to supremacy and renown gave origin to a great number
of Irish poems by Tadhg Mac Daire (Teige Mac Dary) and the Mun-
ster poets, which were replied to by Lughaidh O'Clerigh (Lewy
O'Clery) and the northern literati, the Editor will offer a few thoughts
on the subject in this place. See O'Reilly's Irish Writers, p. 149, un-
der the year 1600.
Dr. O'Brien appears, from various notices throughout his Irish Dic-
tionary, to have thought that the race of Oilioll Olum never submitted
to the race of Conn of the Hundred Battles ; for he speaks of Conn him-
self, and of his grandson Cormac, and even of Flann Sionna, who de-
feated Cormac mac Cuileannain in 908, as kings of Meath, and of the
two northern provinces. But in this and other respects Dr. O'Brien
has been led to make assertions relative to the Irish monarchs
which cannot stand the test of true criticism, for though it must be
acknowledged that the Irfsh monarchs had little influence in Leath
Mhogha, or the southern half of Ireland, still we must believe that
since the introduction of Christianity the Irish monarchs weie princi-
pally of the race of Niall of the Nine Hostages, the anccbtor of the
O'Neills and their con'elative families. In the ancient Lives of St.
Patrick it is stated that when the Irish apostle came to Aileach, he
predicted that sixteen of the race of Eoghan, the son of Niall, would
become kings of all Ireland; and though we need not believe in this as
a prediction, it is reasonable to conclude that those kings were well
known and acknowledged; and the fact is that the}- arc mentioned and
xiv Introduction.
called kings of all Ireland even by the Munster writers themselves,
whatever authority they may have exercised over the chieftains of
Munster. Connell Mageoghegan, in his translation of the Annals of
Clonmacnoise, gives us his idea of what was understood by " King of
Ireland," in the following observation under the reign of Mael na
m-Bo, ancestor of the family of Mac Murchadha of Leinster :
" A. D. 1041. Dermott MacMoylenemo Avas king nine years.
" The kings or chief monarches of Ireland were reputed and reck-
oned to be absolute monarches in this manner : If he were of Leath
Con, or Con's halfe in deale, and one province of Leath Moye, or Moy's
halfe in deale, at his command, he was coumpted to be of sufficient
power to be king of Taragh, or Ireland ; but if the party were of
Leath Moye, if he could not command all Leath Moye and Taragh
with the lordshipp thereunto belonging, and the province of Ulster or
Connought (if not both), he would not be thought sufficient to be
king of all Ireland. Dermott Mac Moylenemo could command Leath
Moye, Meath, Connought, and Ulster; therefore, by the judgement of
all, he was reputed sufficient monarch of the whole."
According to the old Annals of Innisfallen none of the kings of Cai-
seal or Munster attained to the monarchy of all Ireland, since the intro-
duction of Christianity, except the five foUoAving : "1. Oengus, son of
Nadfraech ; 2. Eochaidh, son of Oengus, son of Nadfraech ; 3. Cathal,
son of Finguine; 4. Felim, son of Crimhthann ; 5. Brian, sonof Cinn-
eide." Of these the first was contemporary with St. Patrick, but tliere
seems to be no authority for making him monarch of all Ireland, except
this Munster chronicle, Avhich was compiled in the monastery of Innis-
fallen. According to the Book of Leacan, Laeghaire, son of Niall of
the Nine Hostages, was monarch of Ireland for thirty years after the
arrival of St. Patrick, and, according to all authorities, Laeghaire was
succeeded by his relative, Oilioll Molt, son of Dathi, and Oilioll was sue-
Introduction. xv
ceeded by Laeghaire's own son, Lughaidb, ^yho died, according to the
Annals of Tighearnacli, in the year 508, After the death of Lnghaidh
there was an interregnum of five years, and the Munster annalist
seems to have taken the opportunity of this interregnum, which was
acknowledged by the UiNeill annalists, of placing the monarchical crown
on the head of Eochaidh, the son of Aenghus, king of Caiseal, and
making him wear it for thirteen years after 513, when Muircheartach
Mor Mac Earca, the great grandson of Niall of the Nine Hostages,
had, according to the other annalists, mounted the throne.
The kings of Caiseal appear to have put forward no claims to the
monarchy of all Ireland till the year 709, when Cathal, the son of
Finguine, ancestor of the family of O'Caeimh (O'Keeffe), and king of
Munster, plundered the plain of Breagh or Bregia, and compelled
Fearghal, the son of Maelduin, monarch of Ireland, to give him hos-
tages ; in consequence of which he was looked upon by his own people
as monarch of Ireland till his death, which occurred in the year 742.
But the northern writers do not acknowledge him as monarch, for
during the period which elapsed from the year 709, when he could
have had some pretension to the monarchy, till 742, the other annalists
set down as monarchs of all Ireland the following :
1. Fearghal, son of Maelduin, who died, according to Tighear-
nach, on Friday, the 16th of December, 722,
2. Fogartach, son of Niall, who was monarch of Ireland for one
year and some months,
3. Cinaeth, son of Irgalach, who was monarch of Ireland three years.
4. Flaithbheartach, son of Loingseach, seven years.
5. Aedh OUan, son of Fearghal, nine years.
From the death of Cathal, the son of Finguine, the Munster histo-
rians claim no monarch of all Ireland down to the year 840, when
Feidhlimidh (Felimy), the son of Crimhthann, king of Munster, and
XVI
Introduction.
Niall, the son of Aedli, monarcli of Ireland, had a meeting at Cluaiu-
Fearta Brennain (Clonfert) in Connacht, where the monarch submitted
to Feidhlimidh (Felimy), who was considered, at least by his own people
of Munster, monarch of Ireland from that period till his death, which
occurred in 847'^- From this year, however, the kings of Caiseal had
no pretensions to the monarchy till the year 1002, when the great
Brian Boruniha mounted the throne of Ireland.
Mr. Moore, however, will not allow any monarch of all Ireland to
the race of Eibhear, or the people of Leath Mhogha, or Munster,
from the time of St, Patrick till the accession of Brian in 1002. This
f Mac Curtin, in his Brief Discourse in
Vindication of the Antiquity of h-eland,
p. 175, asserts that this Feidhlimidh was
not king of Ireland, as Cambreiisis erro-
neously slyles him, in his History of Ire-
land, but that he was king of Munster for
twenty-seven years. But Mac Curtin should
have known that this should not have
been attributed as an error to Cambrensis,
as the older Munster annalists mention
Feidhlimidh as one of the five Minister
kings \iho obtained the monarchy of all
Ireland, subsequently to tlie introduction
of Christianity ; and it is quite evident
from Mac Curtin's own account of Feidh-
limidh's regal visitation of the provinces
of Connacht, Ulster, Meath, and Leinster,
to' whose kings he made the usual mo-
nai'chical presents, and from whom he
received the entertainments due to the
Irish monarchs, that he was considered the
^P'^ r'5' 01' ^^^^ monarch of all Ireland.
Mac Curtin's remark, that his progress
through Ireland "had success upon ac-
count of the union and amitj' the Irish
princes had among themselves at this time,"
is beneath criticism; for it is distinctly
stated in the old Annals of Innisfallen, that
Feidhlimidh, the son of Crimhthann, re-
ceived homage from Niall, the son of Aedh,
king of Teamhair, in the j'ear 824 (a mis-
take for 840), when Feidhlimidh became
full king of Ireland, and sat in the seat of
the abbots of Cluain Fearta (Clonfert) ;
and in an Irish poem purporting to give
a regidar account of Feidhlimidh's circuit
through Ireland, it is distinctly stated that
lie remained half a year in the plain of tlie
River Finn, plundering the Cineal Chbnaill,
and that he also plundered Dal Eiada and
Dal Araidhe, and that he remained a whole
year at Ai'd Macha, during which he preach-
ed to the jieople eveiy Sunday. The words
of Giraldus are as follows:
" Igitvr a tempore Felmidii Regis, et
obitu Turgesii, vsque ad tempus Rotlierici :
Conactire regnum durauit (Qui vltimus de
hac gente monarcha fuit, & vsque hodie
ConactitE prtesidet : Cuius etiam tempore,
et per quem Rex Lageniai Dermitius
scilicet Murchardi tilius, a regno expulsns
fuerat) septeudccim Reges in Hibernia reg-
nauerant." — Topographia HibernicB, Dist.
iii. c. 44.
Introduction. xvii
is a fact on which he frequentl}' and emphatically speaks. See espe-
cially his History of Ireland, vol. ii. pp. 142, 143.
It is proliable that the tributes paid to the Irish monarchs and
provincial kings remained nearly tlic same as those described in the
present form o{ Leabhar na g-Ceart till the destruction of the Irish
monarchy. After the English invasion, the power of the provincial
kings was very much limited ; the great Anglo-Norman families im-
posed various tributes unknown to tlie ancient Irish, and in course of
time the Irish chieftains who retained their power began to imitate
them, and the old order of the country was disturbed and broken.
Of this kind of exaction the following is quoted by Dr. O" Conor,
from an Irish MS. preserved in the Library of the Duke of Bucking-
ham at Stowe, Codex iii. fol. 28. Stowe Catalogue, p. 168. It appears
to have been taken from a poem by Torna OMaelchonaire, chief poet of
Connacht, who attended at the inauguration of Feidhlimidh O'Concho-
bhair on the hill of Cara Frasigh, A. D. 1315.
" Qpiao po imoppo cuapapcail na pij-raojpeac 6 UaConchoBaip
,1. Da ;cj:. Oeaj mapc, acup oa ;c;c. oeaj caopa i m-6eaUcuine do
rnhaj Oipeachcuij; cape;:, oeaj mapc, acup od ;c;c. oeaj cope ja-
chu Sorhna do, acup a c-cabac a h-UlioU. t)d;c;c. t>ea'^ loiljeach,
acup Dc'i ;t;c. feaj caopa i m-6eallcuine o' O Pionbaccai^ ; oa ,r;c.
oeaj cope, acup ou ;cr. oeaj^ mapc ga^ha Surhnu do, acup a c-cal3ac
u 6uijnib Ccnnachc bo. t)a pcpc. oeaj^ loil^ioch, acup od xx. oear
caopa d' O Hlaoilbpenuinn gacha 6eaUcuine-, do ;cr. oeajij mapc
acup Dd;c;c. oeaj cope jacha Suriuia 66, acup a c-caBaca Cip Piach-
pac acup a Cuil Cndrha acup a Chuil Chectpnnma 66. t)d t;c. oeoT
loiljeach acup odp:;c. o^ag caopu 6heuUcaine do Lla pianna^din,
acup od ;c;c. oeajg mapc acup dd ;c;c. Deaj cope jacha Samna 66,
acup a c-cabach a Cip Qmaljaio acup a h-loppup.
" These are the stipends of the royal chieftains of Connacht from
b
xviii Introduction.
O'Conchobliair [O'Couor], i. e. twelve score beeves^, and twelve score
sheep on May-day toMacOireachtaigh [Mageraghty] ; twelve score beeves
and twelve score hogs to himself [O'Conor] every Allhallowtide,
and these are levied from Ubhall''. Twelve score milch cows', and
twelve score sheep on May-day to O'Fionnachtaigh ; twelve score hogs
and twelve score beeves every Allhallowtide to himself, and these arQ
levied for him from Liiighne Chonnacht [Leyny]. Twelve score milch
cows and twelve score sheep to O'Maoilbhrenuinn [Mtxlrenin] every
May-day; twelve score beeves and twelve score hogs every Allhallow-
tide to himself, and these are levied for him from Tir Fhiachrach
[Tireragh], and from Cuil Cnamha'', and from Cuil Cearnamha. Twelve
score milch cows and twelve score sheep on May-day to O'Flannagain;
and twelve score beeves and tAvelve score hogs every Allhallowtide to
himself, and these are levied in TirAmhalghaidh [Tirawley] and in
Irrus [Erris]."
It will be seen by comparing the stipends and tributes in this ex-
tract with the two poems printed infra., p. 99 to 111, and from 113 to
1 1 7, that the tributes and stipends paid by these territories do not at
all agree ; and it is, therefore, evident that they were remodelled after
the English invasion.
The subsidy mentioned in the tract on Ui Maine, preserved in the
Book of Leacan, as paid by the king of Connacht to the chief of Ui
Maine, will also appear to have belonged to a later period, for, accord-
ing to that Tract (see Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, p. 93), the king
B Twe/jje score 6eet)es.—Dr O'Conor trans- ' Milch- Cows. — Dr. O'Conor renders
latesthis "fifty cows and fifty sheep," but this suckhig calves, but without any au-
Da ;:;:, beag is not fifty, but Da picir thority.
oear, i. e. twelve score, i. e. two hundred '' Cuil-Cnamha, a district in the east of
and forty. the barony of Tireragh, in the county of
" Ubhall, recte Unihall, see page 1)8, Sligo, comprising the parish of Dromard.
note •", infra. See Ui Fiachrach, pp. 265, 424.
hitroduction. xix
of Ui Maine is entitled to ten steeds, ten foreigners [slaves], ten stan-
dards, and ten mantles [niatals]; whereas, according to Lcalhav no
g-Ceart, ut infra, p. 115, he was entitled only to seven cloaks, seven
horses, seven hounds, and seven red tunics.
t)liji6 P15 h-Ua ITIctine, an mul,
bach n-eic, cap paeB pporaib pal,
oech n-joile, pe jnliti F^PJi "S F"'"i
oech mepgi ocup oech macail.
[ Ui Maine, p. 92.
Some curious specimens of these remodelled exactions are given
by Mr. Hardiman in his Irish Deeds, published in- the Transactions
of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. xv., Nos. xiv. and xv., Avith the
Rentals of O'Brien and Mac Namara, in the fourteenth century, and
No. xxix., detailing some exactions of Mac Carthy More. The last
Earl of Desmond seems to have raised these tributes and exactions to
a most exorbitant extent, as appears by a list of his " rents, victuals,
and other revenues," in a MS. at Lambeth, Carew Collection, No. 617,
p. 212. The same collection, No. 611, contains a list of "services and
.duties due to Mac Cartie More from Sir Owen O'Sullevan." More of
these Irish exactions will be found detailed in the will of Domluiall
O'Galchobhair, who was steward to Hugh Roe O'Donnell, who died
in Spain, in the year 1602; and in a paper MS. in Marsh's Library,
Class v., 3, Tab. 2. No. 20, which gives a list of the rents, services,
customs, &c., due to O'Duinn (O'Doyne, now Dunne), chief of Iregan,
in the Queen's County, and in various Inquisitions, amongst the most
curious of which is one taken "apud the King's ould castle in the city of
Cork, decimo septimo die Octobris, 1636, coram Willielmum Fen ton
et alios," in which the rents and customs due to Daniel Mac Carty, of
Kilbrittan, alias Mac Carty Reogh, then lately deceased, are minutely
b2
XX Introduction.
detailed. The following account of the duties and customs of East
Breifny, furnished to Her Majesty's -Commissioners at Cavan, by Sir
John O'Reilly, on the 1st of April, 1585, will afford a fair specimen of
modern Hihernia Anglicana exactions. It is preserved in the Carew
Collection at Lambeth, No. 614, p. 162.
"By Her Majesty's Commissioners at Cavan, the 1st of Apriell,
1585.
" Sir John O'Reily sett down the limites of your territories, and
the baronies accordinge the new Indentures.
" Item what rents, duties, and customs you ought to have out of
every pole in the five baronies," &c.
To the second.of these questions he replies :
" The Dewties and Customes, &c.
" Orely by auncient custom and usadge of the country had alwaj-^s
out of the baronies of the Cavan and Tullaghgarvy, and out of every of
the other thre barronies which he hath lost by the division, yearly out
of every barrony xlv. li. [i. e. £45], as often as he had any cause to
cesse the said barronies, either for the Queene's rents and dewties, or
for any charge towards Onele, or other matter, which sometimes was
twise or thrise a yeare, and every time xlv. li. to his owne use, besides
the charge of the cesse.
" Item, he had lykewise by the said custome and usadge all manner
of chargis that either his son, or any other of his men or followers,
weare put into by reson of their beinge in pledge or attendinge by com-
mandment of the Lord Deputy in Dublin, or otherwhere for matter of
the said Orely.
" Item, by the said custom Orely had all manner of fees and pen-
sions, and recompenses given by the said Orely to any learned counsell
or other solicitor or agent for the cause of the contry, borne and payed
by the said contry.
Introduction. xxi
" Item, by the said custom Orely Iiad yearely over and beside all
other dewtis and customes towards his chargis in going to Dublin out
of every pole, xvi**. star.
" Item, by the said custom he had yearely out of every viii. pooles
of laude through the whole fyvebarronis, one fatt beef for the speudinge
of his house.
- " Item, by the said custom he had one horse for himselfe, one horse
for his wife, and one horse for his son and heir, with one^boye attend-
inge uppon every horse kept through the whole fyve barronis yearely.
" Item, by the said custom it was lawful! for Orely to cesse uppon
the Mac Bradis, the Mac Enroes, the Gones, and the Jordans, by the
space of iii. quarters of a yeare yearely, one foteman uppon every poole
Avhicli the said sirnames had, to kepe his cattcll, to repe and bynd his
corne, to thrashe, hedge and diche, and do other husbandry and mer-
sanary work for the said Oreley.
" Item, by the said custom the said Orely had upon the Bradis, the
Gones, the Mac Enroes, and the Jordans, out of every poole of land
yearely, thrc quarters of a fatt becfo, and out of every two pooles one
i'att porke, and also the cessinge of strangers, their men and horses, as
often as any did come in frendship to the country.
"Item, by the said -custom the said Orely had by dewty all manner
of chard^is both for workmen rofe and laborers and victualls for tlie
buildingc and maintaininge of his castell of the Cavaii and all other
necessary romes and offices about the same, borne and pa^-ed by the
geutill and others of the barrony of the Cavan.
••' The dewtis of the towne of the Cavan also by the said custom, as
rents, dringk, and other dewtis now takiii and not denied.
"Item, Sir llugli Oreley, father luito the said Sir Jolui, li;ul in
morgadgc from divers of the gcntill ol' Cldnmahon xlviii. pooles in
Gawnc, 1. mylchc kync w'^'' inorgagc drscended upon Sir John, and he
xxii ' Introduction.
was seised of the said xlviii. pooles tintill the divission, which he desi-
reth to continue possession of or els that he may be payed the said 1.
milche kyne,"
Of the Saltair Cliaisil.
The Psalter of Caiseal is particularly referi-ed to in the Book of
Kights as the work in which St. Benean entered the traditional history
of the tributes of the kinors of Munster:
6enen — beanonchr pop in n-jen,
t>o pao po a Salcaip Chaipil,
peancup each pi^ )p a pach,
ip Deucli imcheic cip muman Lifra, p. 52.
This passage occurs in a poem Avhich we may take to have been
the composition of Sealbach and Aenglius, to which Cormac Mac
Cuileannain adds his approval, recording his direction that his secre-
tary and scribe should preserve the privileges of Munster as Benean
had left them. In another part of the poem the same document
is evidently referred to under the name of the Psalter of the God of
Purity, in which it was found that Benean remained at Caiseal from
Shrovetide to Easter. — p. 60.
There is another entry in our work, in an addition to the prose
in the copy contained in the Book of Baile an Mhuta, alleging that the
Psalter of Caiseal had said that Benean sang or wrote the song which
follows: '■'• hoc carmen lit Psalterium Caisil dixif'' p. 238. It is clearly
a mistake to attribute that poem, at least in its present state, to Be-
nean ; but it is not clear what particular document the writer of the
prose meant to designate as the Psalterium Caisil.
Therefore we proceed to lity before the reader some inforjuation,
Introduction. xxiii
respecting the Psalter or Psalters so called ; and this may seem the
more requisite, as we have already, in giving the grounds for believing
that Benean or Benignus framed the original Book of Rights, shown a
most ancient testimony, proving that he commenced and composed
a PsaUerium Casseleme, in which the rights, or jura, of the Irish mo-
narchs, &c., were stated: see Colgan's extracts from the Latin Life of
Benignus, quoted above, p. v.
It is remarkable that Colgan, who had that notice in the Life of
Benignus before him, takes no notice of it, but in another place (Trias
Thaum., p. 205), ascribes the writing or compiling of the Psalteriitvi Cas-
iellense to Cormac Mac Guileannain. His words are as follows:
" S. Cormacus Rex Momonige, Archiepiscopus Casselensis, et mar-
tyr, qui in patriis nostris annalibus peritissimus Scotorum appellatur,
scripsit de Genealogia Sanctorum Hibernian, lib. i., et, de Regibus aliis-
que antiquitatibus ejusdem, nobile opus quod Psaltermm Cassellense
appellatur, et in magno semper habetur pretio. Passus est S. Corma-
cus an 903, vel ut alii 908." Keating, in his History of Ireland, Ilali-
day's edition, Preface, p. xcvi., makes a like allegation in a passage
which we shall presently cite.
Notwithstanding this testimony of Keating and Colgan, who seem
to have been well acquainted with the literary monuments of their
native country, we are informed by Connell Mageoghegan, in the dedi-
cation of his translation of the " Annals of Clonmacnoise" to Terence
Coglilan, dated April 20th, 1627, that the "Psalter of Cashel" Avas
compiled by the order of the great Irish monarch, Brian Borumha.
His words are:
" Kinge Bryen seeinge into what rudeness the kingdome Avas fallen,
after setting himself in the quiet government thereof, and restored
each one to his auncient patrimonyc, and repaired their cliurchcs and
houses of religion, he caused open schools to be kept in the several
xxiv Introduction.
parishes, to instruct their youth, which by the said warres were growen
rude and altogether illiterate. He assembled together all the nobilitie
,) of Ihe kingdome, as well spirituall as temporal], to Cashell in Munster,
/ and caused them to compose a booke, containing all the inhabitations,
events, and septs that lived in this land, from the first peopleing and
inhabitation and discoverye thereof, after the creation of the world, un-
till that present time, which booke they caused to be called by the
name of the Psalter of Cashell; signed it with his owne hand, toge-
ther with the hands of the kings of the five provinces, and also with
the hands of all the bishoppes and prelates of the kingdome ; caused
several copies thereof to be given to the kinges of the provinces, with
strict charge that there should be no credit given to any other chro-
nicles thenceforth, but should b2 held as false, disannulled, and quite
.forbidden for ever.
S
" Since which time there were many scepts in the kingdome that
lived by itt, and whose profession was to chronicle and keep in memo-
rie the state of the kingdome, as well for the time past, present, and
to come; and now, because they cannot enjoy that respect again by
their said profession, as heretofore they and their auncestors received,
they sett nought by the said knowledge, neglect their bookes, and
choose rather to putt their children to learn English tlian their own
native language; insomuch that some taylors do cutt with their scis-
sars the leaves of the said bookes which were [once] held in greate
account, and sleice them in long peeces to make measures of, so that
the posterities are like to fall into grose ignorance of any things which
happened before their time."
Now these accounts look rather conflicting, but the probability is
that they are all true: i. e. that St. Benean commenced the Psalter; that
Cormac continued it down to his own time, and remodelled the Book
of Rights so as to state the tributes and stipends ol' tlie country, as they
Introduction. - xxv
then btood; or, to use the words of our text (pp. 107, 169, 190), niup
ucu ; aud that King Brian had a further continuation framed to Ills
time. It cannot be proved that the prose introductions in the present
work were composed when King Brian compiled his Psalter; but they
must have been written not very far from his time; for it is plain that
they were composed long after the poems of Cormac's day, to which
they are prefixed, and there is every reason to believe from the entire |
context, that they were written before the Anglo-Norman invasion, ?
aud while the Northern Galls were masters of Dublin. I
Keating, and others of his day, whom we shall presently cite, men-
tion the Psalter of Caiseal and the Book of Rights as separate works ;
but we must recollect that the Book of liights stood separate in the
MSS. from which we 2?rint it, and no doubt in other i\ISS., some centu-
ries before his time.
The Psalter of Caiseal is constantly referred to by the Irish writers
of the seventeenth century as the work of Cormac Mac Cuileannain,
and as then extant. Keating (uhi supra) mentions it as the first and
most important of the historical books extant in his time. The follow-
ing are his words:
" Qjgup an rii^iD a beanap pe peancup 6ipeann tp inriieapra 50
]ui\Xi bapuncuriiuil. Do Bpij 50 n-glancuoi 1 b-Peip Ceuiiipac juc
cpeap bliaoain e, bo laraip uaiple, eajjlaipe, ajup olUiriuin Gipetinn.
6106 u pKi6naipe pin up nu ppiriileubpuib po piop ara pe na B-puicpni
pop 1 n-Gipinn, map aru, Solcaip Chuipjl, do pcploli Copmac nuoni-
ra rriuc Cuileannuin, piji; do coijgcaD muriicm ojup aipD-eappoj
Chaipil; ^,eubap QpDu mucu; ^eubap Chluana li-Gioneuc Pionn-
r*nn, 1 ^,<io)j^ip; Salcoip na Rann, do pcpiob Qotij^iip Cede t)e;
r^eabap ^Idmne (Da f,ot; T^eabap nu j-Ceupr, oo pcpiob 6enen
naoiiica mac Seipj^nein; lliDip Chuipam, 00 pjpiobuo i j-Cliiain liiic
Noip; ^.cubup 6ui6e lllholing; agiip /'.eubtip Oub mholajf.."
XXV i Introduction.
Which may be translated as follows:
" As to what belongs to the history of Ireland, it should be consi-
dered that it is authentic, because it used to be purged at the Feis
Teamhrach every third year, in the presence of the nobility, clergy, and
oUamhs ; in evidence of which remain the following chief books, which
are still to be seen in Ireland, viz. : Saltair Chaisil, written by the holy
Cormac Mac Cuileannain, king of the two provinces of Munster, and
Archbishop of Caiseal ; the Book of Ard Macha (Armagh) ; the Book
of Cluain Eidhneach Fionntain, in Laeighis; Saltair na Rann, written
by Aenghus Ceile De; the Book of Gleann Da Loch; Leabhar na
g-Ceart, written by the holy Benean, son of Sesgnean ; Uidhir Chia-
rain, which was written at Cluain mic Nois ; Leabhar Buidhe Mholing ;
and Leabhar Dubh Mholaga."
Doctor John Lynch, who was contemporary with Keating, men-
tions these books in a different order, in his translation of Keating's
History of Ireland:
"Haic cum ita sint, et insignium etiam cxterorum authorum testi-
moniis comprobata, si vel leviter ad ea aspicerent recentiores Angli
authores, amplam profecto bene potius quam male de Hibernis lo-
quendi ansam haberent; et quidem amplissimam, sidomesticalliberuiaj
documenta legerent, et iutelligerent, fidem enim ilia exigunt indubita-
tam, quandoquidem tertio quoquo anno in Comitiis Teamorensibus
a regni proceribus, prsesulibus, et litei'atis accurate excutorentur. Ilia
quidem postCatholicam fidem ab insula susceptam, episcoporum custo-
dise tradebantur. Et sunt sequcntes libri etiamnum extantes : Liber
Arniachanus', PsalteriumCasselense, a sancto CormacoCulenano, utrius-
' Liber Armachanns -It is doubtful contains only some notices of the life of
ivhether this is the IMS. now calleil the St. Patrick, and which was called Canoin
Book of Armagh, which could scarely be Thadrnig by the Irish. It was probably
called appirinletibcip peancupa, as it a historical Manuscript of the same sort as
Introduction.
xxvu
ijue Momouiae Rege, Cassiliseqiie Archiepiscopo conscriptum : Liber
Nuachongbhala™ ; Liber Cluain Egnach Fintoni" in Lesia ; Psalterium
Hithraorum° Aengi cognomeuto Dei familiaris, sive Colideiis, (Qonjup
Ceile t)e); Liber GlindalochensisP; Liber per Sanctum Benignum
Scisgneni filium, confectus, inscriptus Jurium Liber'i (^-euBap tia
T-Ceupr); LliDip Chiapumf Cluanmacnosiie perscriptus; Liber Fla-
A'us de Moling^; Liber Niger de Molagga'."
Sir James Ware also mentions the Psalter of Cashel (in his Irish
Writers, at Cormac Mac Cuileannain, andiuhis Archbishops of Cashel, at
Cormac), as extant in his time, and held'in high esteem ; and adds that
he had some genealogical collections which had been extracted fr6m it
about three centuries before his time.
Lhwycl, Nicholson, and Dr. O'Conor (Epist. Nunc. p. 65), have all
mentioned that there is a part of the Psalter of Cashel in an old
U'jiWiar na h-Uidhii, or the Annals of
Clonniai-noisc.
'" Liber Nuachonyhlmla. — There arc at
least six churches of this name in Ireland,
one in Mayo, one in Westmeath, one in
Londiinderry, one in Clare, one in Cork,
:nid we are informed l>y Colyan that it was
tlie ancient nameofNavan," in the county
of Meath. Nothing, however, remains, or
at lea.st is known to the Editor, to tell
■which of these places tlic book belonged
to, or what became of it.
" Lilxr Cluain Egnach Fintoni, i. e.
tlie " Hook of Clonenagli," a monastery
near Monntralh, in the (Jueen's county,
(.•rected by St. Fintan. Keating elsewliere
calls this the Annals of Cluain ICidhneacli,
and gives a long rinotation from it, wliich
treats of the Synod of Katli IJreasail, and
gives tlie Ijoundaries of the Irish dioceses
as established by tliat Synod. This MS-,
which was one of great importance, is now
unknown.
o Psalterium Rithmonim A copy of
thi.s, on vellum, is preserved in the Library
of Trinity College, Dublin.
P Liher GUndalnchensis A consider-
able fragment of this IMS. is now preserved
in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin.
'I Jurium Liber Tliis is the ^ectbliap
HU T-Ceupc, now for the (irst time
printed.
■■ Uidliir Chiarain, now called Leabhar
na h-Uidhri, A considerable fragment of
tliis J\IS., in the handwriting of Maehnuire,
son of Celiocliair Mac Cuinn na m-Hocht,
is now preserved in the Library of tlie
Uoyal Irish Academy.
» Liher Fliivus de Mii/inq. Tlii' Vcllnw
IJook of St. Mohng is now unknown.
' Librr Sif/er i/e Molariga. — Now un ■
1< nown.
xxviii Introduction.
MS, on parchment, in the Bodleian Library" at Oxford, consisting
of 292 pages in large folio. This MS. was examined by Dr. Todd,
■who published an account of its contents, with observations on its
age and history, in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy,
vol. ii. p. 336. In the year 1844, and again in 1846, the Editor went
over it with the most anxious care, to see how much of the Psalter it
might preserve; and he has come to the conclusion that it contains
a very considerable fragment of that work. This MS., as it now stands,
consists of 14'j folios or 292 pages folio," paged consecutively in modern
figures, though it is evidently defective by many folios in various
places. When perfect it must have been very voluminous, as it appears,
from various notices of the scribes, that it contained a transcript of
all that could be then read of Saltair Ckaisil; LeabJiair cm Phreahain
Chunga, i. e. the Book of the " ShrecV of Cong; the Book of Rathain
[Rahen, near Tvxllamore, King's county] ; the Leahhar-Buidlw Fearna,
i. e. the Yellow Book of Ferns. It was transcribed in 1453 by Seaan
(John) Buidhe O'Cleirigh, and others, at Rath an Photaire (now called
in Irish TJar a' phocaip, and Anglice Pcttlerath, a townland in which
are some ruins of a castle, situate in the parish of Kilnamanagh, barony
» O'Reilly states, in his Iiisli Writers, it by liiniself, tliough lie newr saw liie
p. Ix., that the Psalter of Cashel was ex- Psalter of Cashel. Dislionest conipik-rs of
taut in Limerick in 1712, as appears by a this description have imposed dignitied
large Iblio JNIS. in the Irish language, pre,- names upon their own compilations, to im-
b.r\ed in the Library of Cashel, written in pose on the credulity of puichasers. A
Limerick in that year, and partly tran- copy of the IJook of Ballymote, with some
scribed from the original Psalter of Cashel; additions made by Teige O'Naghtcn, now
and he adds, that the original Psalter of preserved in the Library of Trinity Col-
Casliel was long supposed to be lost, but lege, Dublin, II. 1. 15, bears the title of
that it is now said to be deposited in the Sulcuip nu Ceavripac, i. e. the Psal-
British Museum. Tlie Cashel MS. here ter of Tara, and the Editor has frequently
referred to by O'Reilly is a compilation heard it positively asserted that the Psal-
made in 1712, by Derniod O'Coimor, the ter of Tara is preserved in the Library of
translator of Keating, who calls it the tlie University of Dublin, but there are no
Ibalttr of Cashel; but this name was given other grounds ior saying so.
Introduction, xxix
of Cranagh, and count}' of Kilkenny), for Edmond, the head of a sept
of the Butler family, who assumed the Irish chieftain name of Mac
Richard. This MS- remained in the possession of Mac Richard till
the year 1462, when he was defeated in a battle fought at Baile au
Phoill, now anglicized " Piltown," in the barony of " Iverk," county
of Kilkenny, the property of the Earl of Bessborough, by Thomas,
Earl of Desmond, to whom he was obliged to give up this very copy of
the Psalter of Cashel (which was then more perfect than it is at pre-
sent), and also another MS. called Leabhar na Carraige, i. e. the Book
of Carrick [on Suir]. This appears from a memarandum in the mar-
gin of folio 110 p. b. of which the following is a literal translation:
" This was the Psalter of Mac Richard Butler, until the defeat at
Baile an Phoill was given to the Earl of Ormond and to Mac Richard
by the Earl of Desmond (Thomas), when this book and the Book of
Carrick were obtained in the redemption of Mac Richard ; and it was
this Mac Richard that had these books transcribed for his own use,
and they remained in his possession until Thomas, Earl of Desmond,
wrested them from him."
This memorandum Avas written in the MS- while it was in the pos-
session of Thomas Earl of Desmond, whose name " Thomas of Des-
"mond," appears in English, in his own handwriting, on'folio92, a. For
a very curious account of this battle ftmght between the Butlers and
the young Earl of Ormond, see the Annals of Dubhaltach Mac Fir-
bisigh, " Dudley Firbisse," published in the Miscellany of the Irish
Archaeological Society, p. 247, and the Editor's notes, pp. 2'J5, 296.
As Dr. Todd has already published a long account of this ma-
nuscript, the Editor deems it necessary only to notice such parts of it
as he thinks were transcribed from the Psalter of Cashel. It is not
here intended to give the reader an idea of the general contents of the
MS., for that would occupy many pages, but to show how much of that
XXX Introduction.
Psalter is preserved as it was copied for Edmond Mac Richard Butler
in 1453.
At fol. 14, a. a., line 29, the transcriber states that there ends the
part copied from the Book of Cong, called Leabhar an Phreahain. The
first notice of the Saltair Chaisil occurs at fol. 42, b., where the limits
of Ur Mhumha or Ormond are given.
At fol. 58, b., the scribe writes that he had then transcribed all
that he found together (consecutive, or Avithout chasms) in the Psalter
of Cashel (a Salcuip Chaipil), and much from Leabhar Rathain, and
from Leabhar an Phreabain.
At fol. 59, a. a., commences the Feilire Aenghuis or Festilogium of
Aenghus Ceile De, Avhich is accompanied, as usual, by an interlined
gloss. This, which is in very good preservation, ends on fol. 72. It
was evidently copied from the Saltair Chaisil. This is immediately
followed by a poem headed Fingin cecinit Go Chopmac mac Cuile-
najn, Finghin sang for Cormac Mac Cuileannain, and beginning :
" t)a ma6 mipi bap i peil."
" Were I a king manifestly."
Fol. 73, a. a. A poem on the genealogy of the kings of Munster,
beginning :
" Cam cuic maccu Cpimchumo ppeiih?"
" Who were the five sons of Crimhthann Sreimh ?"
This is undoubtedly qopied from the Saltair Chaisil. '
Fol. 73, a., line 16, begins a poem on the descendants of OilioU
Olum, king of Munster:
"Clann Qilella Oluim uill."
' ' The sons of the great Aileall Olum."
Between the folios now consecutively marked 74 and 75 there is an
evident chasm.
Introduction. xxxi
Ful. 75, a. a,, line 16, begins the genealogy of the race of Eir-
eamhon (Ileremon), undoubtedly copipd from the Saliair Chaisil.
" Ilihernia insola inter duos filios pi'incrpales Ililitis, id est Ilerimon et
Eber, in duos partes divisa est^ This article is also to be found, totidem
verbis, in the Books of Leaoan and Bailean Mhuta (Ballymote), in which
it is distinctly stated that it was transcribed from the Saltair Chaisil.
At fol. 78 there is a chasm of many folios, though the modern
pagination runs consecutively.
Fol. 79, a. A part of Cormac's Glossary, beginning with the word
imbup popopnoi. The remainder is perfect, but two folios are mis-
placed. On the folio marked 81 is a short account of the seats of the
kings of Caiseal. The glossary ends on folio 86, col. 3, where Seaan
Buidhe O'Cleirigh writes a memorandum that he had finished the
transcription of the Sanasan or Etymologicon of the Saltair Chormaic,
on the fifth day of February and eighth of the moon, for Edmund But-
ler ]\Iac Richard.
Fol. 80, b. A tract on the derivations of names of places in Ire-
land, stated on the second last line of col. b., to have been transcribed
from Leahhar Buidhe Fearna, i. c. the Yellow Book of Ferns. The
matter, from this down to fol. 93, was probably taken from the
Leahhar Buidhe Fearna, but froni thence to folio 123 is evidently
from the Saltair Chaisil. The principal contents are as follows :
Fol. 93, a. a. Genealogy of the Race of Eibhcar. The language'
very ancient.
Fol. 93, b. a. line 29- A curious account of the sons of Eochaidh
Muigh-mheadhoin, monarch of Ireland in the fourth century, and of
their father's bequest to each of tlicin.
Fol. 93, b. b. An account of the cause of the expulsion of certain
families from the north of Ireland, and their settlement in the south,
beginning in Latin thus: '■' De causis quihus cxulcs AqnUoncnsium ad
Mumenenses.''''
xxxii Introduction.
Fol. 94, b. b., Hue 17. A historical tale relating to Mac Con, mo-
narch of Ireland, and Oiliol Olum, king of Munster.
Fol. 96, a. a. An account of the Battle of Magh Mucruimhe, fought
near Athenry, County Galway, between the ex-monarch Mac Con, and
Art, monarch of Ireland in the third century.
Fol. 98, a. a., line 22. Curious historical stories, in very ancient
language, relating to Crimhthann Mor Mac Fidhaigh, monarch of Ire-
land, and other Munster kings of the race of Eibhear.
Fol. 99, b. b. An account of the expulsion of the people called
Deise from Midhe (Meath), and their settlement in Munster. Tlie
language is very ancient.
Fol. 106, b., col. 3. A genealogical account of the Race of Ir, se-
venth son of Mileadh or Milesius. This is very copious, and the lan-
guage very ancient, as is manifest from its grammatical terminations
and obsolete idioms.
Fol. Ill, b. a. A list of the Milesian or Scotic kings of Ireland,
from Eireamhon (Heremon) down to Brian Borumha. This affords
strong evidence that the Saltair Chaisil was enlarged or continued by
that monarch.
Fol. 115, a., cols. 2, 3. A list of the bishops of Ard Macha (Ar-
magh), synchronized with the kings of Caiseal. Colgan has published
this list in his Trias Thaum., p. 292, as "eaj Psalterio Casselensi.''^ It
is carried down to Domhnall, who succeeded A. D. 1092, and Avho Avas
living when this list was made out. Lanigan remarks, in his Ecclesias-
tical History of Ireland, vol. iii. p. 357, note 59, that some writers
pretend that Cormac was not the author of this, and that it was com-
piled after his times ; and he acknowledges that " there are some cir-
cumstances mentioned as taken from it, which belong to a later period;
for instance, the latter part of the catalogue of the archbishops of
Armagh (cqmd Tr.^h., p. 292), which comes down to the latter end of
Introduction. xxxiii
the eleventh century. But this proves nothing more than that some
additions have been made to the original work of Cormac, as has been
the case with regard to numbers of historical works, particularly those
written in the middle ages."
Fol. 115. A list of the kings of Dal Araidhe, which is followed
by a Ust of the Christian kings of Ireland, doAvn to Maelseachlainn II.,
who died in 1022.
Fol. 1 16, a., col. 2. A list of the Christian kings of Connacht.
Fol. 119, a., col. 3. A list of the kings of Aileach.
At the bottom of this folio the scribe writes,
"^ach ni peomaic o'pajbail 'p" penleBup .i. a Salcaiji Caipil
acu ajamn 'p<^ leabap po na Rdra."
i. e. " Everything we could find in the old book, i. e. the Saltair
Chaisil, we have [preserved] in this book of the Kath."
From thence down to fol. 146 would appear to have been taken
from a different MS.
It is quite evident from the notices in this MS. that the Saltai?'
Chaisil was not then perfect, and that even of what was then Iran-
scribed from it the Bodleian MS. contains but a small fragment. It
affords no evidence whatever as to Leabhar na g-Ceart, except the fact
that the Psalter of Caiseal, in which a certain form of it must have
been preserA'ed, was continued down to about the year 1020.
Of the Will of Cathacir Mor, and other pieces introduced into
Leabhar na g-Ccart.
The rights of the king of Leinster are introduced by a piece whicli
is called tha Will of Cathacir Mor. It has no apparent connexion
with the Book of Rights, save that some of the principal tribes of
xxxiv Introduction.
Leinster descended from the sons of Cathaeir, and that the rights and
stipends of those descendants are treated of. Cathaeir was monarch of
Ireland in the second century, and it was one of the great glories
of the Leinstermen, that their kings had held that station. At a much
later period Diarmaid Mac Murchadha (Dermot Mac Miirroiigh) in
haranguing his Leinster troops, is reported to have said, in reference
to king Rudhraidhe O'Conchobhair (Roderick O'Conor) : 'i Sed si Lage-
niam quasrit, quoniam alicui Connactensium aliquando subiecta fuit:
ea ratione et nos Connactiam petimus quia" nostris aliquoties cum totins
Hibernise subdita fuerat monarchia." — Hibernia Expugnata, Dist., c. viii.
The king of Caiseal's right to be king of all Ireland is stated in
our text (pp. 28, 51, 52, infra), as to which, and the controversy on
the subject, we have already said so much (pp. xiii.-xvii.) So are the
rights of the kings of Aileach (pp. 125, 127, 129) and of Teamhair
(p. 177), to be monarch, i.e. the rights of the northern and southern
Ui Neill. A similar recognition is given to the king of Laighin
(p. 205).
Of the will of Cathaeir Mor, in the shape in which it has been
edited, there are extant three copies on vellum, i. e. besides those
inserted in our two copies of the Book of Rights, there is another in
what is called the Book of Leinster, or Leabhar Laighneach (Leacan,
fol. 92), with which the text of the present edition has been compared.
Besides these we have another vellum copy, or, we might say, another
Avill, in the Book of Baile an Mhuta (Ballymote), fol. 74, a. b. It is very
different from the text which we have adopted, but evidently less
authentic, being longei', and very verbose and rhapsodical. There
is also a paper copy in the O'Gorman collection, in the Library of the
Royal Irish Academy. It is in the handwriting of Peter O'Connell,
who made a translation of it into English for the use of O'Gorman,
who prided himself on his descent from this great monarch. This
Infrodiicfion.
XXXV
copy, which professes to have been taken from the Book of Gleann
Da Loch (Glendalough), accords in arrangement with the copy in B.,
but it appears, from some verbal differences, that it was not taken
from it. The copy consulted by O'Flaherty, Ogygia, p. iii, c. 59, was
different from any of these.
This will has been mentioned by O'Flaherty and most modern
writers on Irish history, as an authentic document contemporaneous
with .the testator. Seep. 192. But the Editor is of opinion that it
was drawn up in the present form some centuries after the death of
Cathaeir Mor, when the race of his more illustrious sons had definite
territories in Leinster. Whether there was an older form of this will,
or whether it was committed to writing in Cathaeir's OAvn time, are
questions which the Editor is not prepared to settle.
The Editor does not know of any copy of the Benediciio Patricii,
save those from which our text has been printed (p. 234). But there
is in Leahhar Breac (fol. 14, h. a.) a blessing of the saint on Munster,
which bears some resemblance to that here given.
Dubhthach Mac Ui Lughair, the author of poems quoted at p. 2.36,
is noticed by O'Reilly in his Chronological Account of the Irish
Writers under the year 433, where it is stated that he was the poet
and druid of Laeghaire, monarch of Ireland, at the commencement of
St. Patrick's mission, and that he was converted to Christianity by
that apostle. The reader will there find some account of him and his
writings. But O'Reilly there assumes that the poem in the Book of
Rights, commencing Ceattioip ceac a m-bi mac Cumn, is ascribed to
Dubhthach; and he says that some doubts may be reasonably enter-
tained that this poem is the production of Dubhthach. But nothing
is found in our text ascribing the poem in question to him. Tlie copy
in the Book of Bailo an Mhnta says that it was found in the Psalter
of Caiseal.
e2
xxxvi Introduction.
t
A poet, LiTghair, is named and quoted at p. 204, and called ^an
pile, or full poet.
On the References to Tomav^ as King or Prince of the Galls of
Dublin.
We have reserved to this place a discussion upon these very curious
references, and they appear to us worthy of a separate consideration,
as the investigation may lead to fix the exact period at which the Norse
or Danish ti-ibcs settled in Dublin.
In Mr. Lindsay's View of the Coinage of Ireland, where a great
deal of information respecting the succession of the Hiberno- Danish
kings of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, and Waterford is collected, nothing
is found with regard to the name Tomar. The royal pedigree is traced
up to the brothers Amlaf I. 853, 870, and Imar or Ifars I. 870, 872,
but no higher.
In our Avork (at page 40) the monarch, in making a circuit of Ire-
land, arrives at the entrenched Ath Cliath (Dublin), where, it is stated,
he' is entitled to a month's refection, 6 rhairib Comaip, from Tomar's
chieftains, and to have the king of the bounteous ford (Ath Cliath), to
accompany him to the Leinstermen, viz., to Liamhain (Dunlavan). .
The Galls of Dublin, within the jurisdiction of the kings of Laighin
or Leinster, were liable to pay heavy tribute to him, pp. 218-220, and
on the other hand the stipends of the king of Leinster to them for their
services were also large. These are said to be payable oo chupc Uho-
maip, to the prince Tomar.
The Four Masters, under the year 942, quote some lines, from
which it wovdd appear that " Race of Tomar," was a kind of patrony-
mic for the Galls, foreigners, or Danes of Dublin.
" Pages 40 and 220, infra.
Introduction. xxxvii
" Ro cofccpuo Clrh Cliacli claioBeach
CO n-imar fciuc pceo ceajlac;
po cpai6ea6 muincip Uhomaip,
I n-iuprap Dorhain, oebpao.
" Ath Cliath of swortls was plundered
Of many shields and families ;
The Race of Tomar were tormented
In the western world, it has been manifested."
The earliest reference to a Danish prince Tomar occurring in the
Irish annals is at the year 847, where the Annals of Ulster contain the
following notice of a Danish prince Tomrair, which is decidedly the
same name as Tomar :
"A. D. Occcxluii. Car pe maelpechnuiU pop jennci i Popaij,
m quo cecioepunc pecc c6c. 6ellum pe n-OlchoBup, pi TTlurhan,
acup pe Copjdn mac Ceallaij co 6ai jniu occ Sciuc Nechcain in
quo ceciDjc Compaip* Gpell, ranaipe pij <^airlinne, acupoct cec b^c
«mbi."
Thus rendered in the old translation of these Annals preserved in
the Library of the British Museum. Clarend. torn. 49. Ayscough,
4795.
" A. D. 847. A battle by Maelsechnaill vpon the Gentyes" [i. e.
Gentiles or Pagan Danes] " at Fora, where 700 fell. Bellum by 011-
chovar, king of Mounster, and Lorgan mac Cellai into Leinster [i-ectc^
with the Leiustermen] vppon Gentiles at Sciah Ncchian, where fell
Tomrair Erell, the next or second in power to the king of Laihliii,
and 1200 about him."
' Compaip. I )i()'Conor prints this MS. more correctly "Tomrair," Quart.
Domrair. Tlie old translator rends fli'> CoiTlctp or Uompcip, see p. yli.
XXXVlll
Introd'udion.
The same events are recorded by the Four Masters, under the year
846, as follows;
"Qoip Cpiopc, 846. Car ppuoine6 pict ITIaelpeachlainr) mac
maolpuanaiD pop jallaib i Popaij ou in po mapBab un. c. luip biob.
"Car oile piu n-Olcobap pj JTIurhao, agup pia Copcdn mac
Ceallaij pf 6ui jean co Caijnib agup Dluriiam lompa pop jallaib
ace Sceir Meccam, m po mapbao Uompaip^ 6pla, canaipe Rij
6oclainne, ajup ou ceo oec uime."
" The age of Christ 846. A battle was gained by Maelseachlaimi,
the son of Maelruanaidh over the Galls [Danes] at Forach, where seven
hundred of them were slain by him.
" Another battle [was gained] by Olchobhar, king of Munster, and
by Lorcan, the son of Ceallach, king of Leinster, with the Leinstermen
and Munstermen about them, over the Danes at Sciath Neachtain,
where Tomrair Erla, Tanist of the king of Lochlann, Avas slain, and
twelve hundred about him."
It will appear from a passage in the Annals of the Four Masters,
at the year 994, that this earl or. prince's ring, and the sword of
Carlus, his contemporary, were preserved in Dublin, from which,
coupled virith the references" in Leahhar na g- Ceart, and the poem cited
" Tomrair Dr. O'Conor prints this killed at Sciath Neachtain, in 847, anil
Tonirair, and the name is so written in the
MS. copy made for the Chev. O'Gormau,
now in the Royal Irish Academy.
'^ This argument is much strengthened
by the fact that Tomar is called cope in
Leabhar nag-Ceart, see page 206. Tliis
term, which is also written opc is explain-
ed "a king's son" in Cormac's Glossary, and
by Michael O'Clery. Tore Tomar of Ath
Cliath is then clearly the Tomrar, Earl,
Tanist of the king of Lochlann, ■wlio was
Avhose chain or ruig was preserved at Dub-
lin, in 994. The pedigree of Imhar, the
ancestor of the Danish kings of Dublin, is
given in none of the Genealogical Irish
works hitherto discovered ; and in the ab-
sence of direct evidence it is reasonable to
assume that, as the Danes of Dublin had
his ring or chain in 994, tliis ring or chain
descended to them as an heir-loom from
him ; and as they are called Muintir Thomair,
in the Annals of the Four Masters, at the
Tntrod'uction. xxxix
by the Four Mas-ters at the year 942, it may be inferred with much
certainty that this Tomar or Tomrar Avas the ancestor of the Danish
kings of Dublin, and very probably the father of Amhlaf and Imhar,
the first of tliese kings, by whom his sword was preserved. The passage
is as follows :
"Ctoip Cpiopc 994, PuiL Uomaip ajup claioeab Chaplupu do
rabaipr bo TTIaolpechlainn mac DorhnaiU ap diccm 6 jallaiB Qca
Cliae."
" The age of Christ 994. The ring of Tomar and the sword of
Carlus were carried off by Maelseachlainny, the son of Domhnall, by
force, from the Galls of Ath Cliath (Dublin)." .
This Tomar is clearly the Erla and Tanist of the king of Lochlann,
slain at Sciath Neachtain in the year 847 ; and Carlus, whose sword
was carried away by Maelseachlainn, was the son of Amlaff I., king
of Dublin, and the person who was killed in the battle of Cill Ua
n-Daighre (Killoderry) in the year 866, as thus recorded by the Four
Masters :
"QoipCpiopc 866. piano mac Conamj ciseapnu fipej uile, bo
rionol peap ni-fipeaj, ^01501, ajup jail, co CiU Ua n-t)ni^pe, cuij
mile lioii a pocpuibe mb acchaib un picch Qoba pmnleir. Y\\ paibe
Qob ucc aoM mile iiu ma, im Concobap mac Uaioj, pi Connacr. l?o
peapub a»i car co biocpaib burpuccac ecoppa, agup po riieabuib p6
year 942, it may be fiirtlier inferred that dcscciuU-d respectively from the ancestors
they were also his descendants ; for if wc whose names enter into the latter part of
examine the Irish tribe-names to which the tribe names. The word Jliiiiitiris, how-
Mnintir is prefixed, we will find that the ever, now more extensive in its application,
second part of the compound is the name and means people or family.
of the progenitor, as Miiintir Macniordlia, 1 Maeheachlainn, called iMala»l\^' 11.
Muintir iMurcliHtIha, Miiintir l^oluis, IMiiin- iiioii.-irch of Ireland. This entry is the
tir C'hionaetha, &c., which were the tribe- theme on which .Moore founded his bal-
names of the (j'Ueillys, OT'laliertys, Mac lad,
Haimalls, and Mac Kinaw.t, all of whom "Let Kriii lemembi r ihr days of oUl.''
xl Introduction.
6eoi6 cpici neapc lomgona ajup lomaipecc pop piopct bpej pop 6ui-
jin ajup pop jallaib, n-^uy po cuipeao a n-ap, ajup copcpaoap po-
caioe mop do jallaiB ip m c-car pin. Uopcaip ann piann, mac
Conainj, ci5eapna 6pe5, ajup Oiapmaio mac Gcceppceoil, cijeap-
na Coca ^abap, ajup Caplup mac Qrhlaib mac cijeapna jail.
Copcaip b'on leic apaill paccna mac maoileouin, Riojoamna an
Phocla h-i ppir^uin an cara. Dlannacan cijeapna Ua m-6piu)n
no Sionna po mapb piann, oia n-ebpao:
"TTlop an buaiD DO rhanoacan
t)o jlonn an jaipccio jju'pj
CenD mic Conainj i n-a laim
Oo baij pop loncaib mic Caioj."
" The age of Christ 866. Flann, the son of Conaing, lord of all
Breagh, collected the men of Breagh, Laighin, and the Galls, to Cill
Ua n-Daighre, five thousand being the number of his force, against the
king Aedh Finnliath. Aedh had but one thousand only, together with
Conchobhar, son of Tadhg, king of Connacht. The battle was vigor-
ously and earnestly fought between them, and at length the victory
was gained through dint of fighting and conflict over the men of Breagh,
over Laighin, and over the Galls, who were slaughtered, and great num-
bers of the Galls were slain in that battle. In it fell Flann, son of Co-
naing, lord of Breagh, and Diarmaid, sou of Eidersceal, lord of' Loch
Gabhair^ ; and Carlus, son of Amhlaibh, son of the lord of the Galls,
There fell on the other side, in the heat of the conflict, Fachtna, son of
Maelduin, prince of the north (i. e. of Aileach). Mannachan, lord of
Ui Briuin na Sionna was he who killed Flann, of which was said:
*
' Loch Cabhair— The territory of this name Logore to this day. Sec Proceedings
chieftain lay aronnd Dunshaughlin. Sec of the Koyal Irish Academy, vol. i. p. 424,
Colgan'a Acta SS., p. 422, note 14. The Mr. Wilde's Account of Antiquities found
laljc is now dried, but the place retains the there.
Introduction. xli
"Great the victory for Mannachaii,
For the hero of fierce valour,
[To have] the head of the son of Conaing in his hand
To exhibit it before the face of the son of Tadhg."
There was another Toraar or Tamar at Limerick about a century
later. He is mentioned in the work called Cogadh Gall fri Gaeclh-
alaibh (an important and curious tract, the publication of Avhich has
been contemplated by the Irish Archaeological Society), under the
name of Tamar Mac Elgi. In the copy of that work preserved in the
Library of Trinity College, Dublin, H. 2, 17, p. 359, he is said to have
come with a royal great fleet, some time after the death of the monarch
Niall Glun-dubh, who was slain in the year 916, and to have put
in at Inis Sibtond, at Limerick. The same person is mentioned in
Mageoghegan's translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, under the
year 922, where the following strange passage occurs :
" A. D. 922. Tomrair Mac Alchi, king of Denmarck, is reported to
go [to have gone] to hell with his pains, as he deserved."
This is evidently the Tamar mac Elgi of H. 2, 17.
The name Tomar and Torarar became common as the proper name
of a man among the Gaeidhil or Milesian Irish in the tenth and ele-
venth centuries, like Maghnus, Raghnall, Amhlaeibh, Imhar, and other
Danish names ; and a family of the Cineal Eoghain took the surname of
O'Tomhrair from an Irishman who was baptized by the name of Tomh-
rar from his mother's people. This family were seated near Lough
Swilly, in the county of Donegal, where they built a family church,
called from their surname Cill O'Tomhrair, i. e. church of the CTomli-
rairs. This family still remains in many places in iIk' province of Ul-
ster, reduced, and obscure, and disguised under the anglicized name
of Toner or Tonry.
xlii Introduction.
Of the Tract prefixed to the Booh of Riglits^ entitled " Geasa agus
Buadha Riogli Eireann."
The Tract on tlie Geasa and Urghartha, and the Buadha and Ad/ia, —
i^., as we have rendered the words, the Restrictions and Prohibitions,
and the Prerogatives of the Kings of Eire or Ireland, — is curious for
the glimpses which it affords into the notions that prevailed in this
country in the eleventh century, in the time of Cuan O'Lochain.
Cuan O'Leochan or O'Lothchain, as he is sometimes called, or, as the
name is more generally spelt, O'Lochain, was chief poet to Maelseachlainn
(Malachy) II., monarch of Ireland, who died in 1022. After the death
of this monarch there was an interregnum of twenty years, and we are
informed that Cuan O'Lochain and Corcran Cleireaeh were appointed
governors of Ireland; but Cuan did not long enjoy this dignity, for
he was slain in Teabhtha (Teffia), A. D. 1024. Mr. Moore states, in
his History of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 147, that " for this provisional govern-
ment of Cuan he can find no authority in any of our regular annals '"
and it is certain that no authority for it is found in any of the original
Irish annals, nor even in the Annals of the Four Masters ; but the fact
is stated as follows in Mageoghegan's translation of the " Annals of
Clonmacnoise" [Cluain mic Nois], a work which professes to be a faith-
ful version of the original, although in some instances it has been ob-
viously interpolated by the translator.
"A. D. 1022. After the death of king Moyliseaghlyn, this king-
dom was without a king twenty years, during [a portion of] which
time the realm was governed by two learned men, the one called Cwan
O'Lochan, a well learned temporall .man and chiefe poet of Ireland, the
other Corcran Cleireagh, a devoute and holy man that was [chief]
anchorite of all Ireland, whose most abideing was at Lismore. The
Introduction. xliii
laud was governed like a free state aud nut like a uiouarohie by
them.
"A. D. 1024. Cwan O'Loglian, prime poet of Ireland, a great
chronicler, and one to whom, for his sufficiencie, the causes of Ireland
were committed to be examined and ordered, was killed by one of the
land of Teaffa ; after committing of which evill fact there grew an evill
scent and odour of the party that killed him, that he was easily known
among the rest of the land. His associate Corkran lived yett, and sur-
vived him for a long time after."
The death of Cuan O'Lochain is also recorded by Tighearnach, who
died in the year 1088, and who may have seen him in his youth. His
death is also entered in the Dublin and Bodleian copies of the Annals
of Ulster as follows :
"A. D. 1024. Cuan h-Ua ^^occan ppiiiieicep Gpfnn do mapbub \
(D)-Uebca b' peapaib Ceabca pein: bpenaic a n-aen uaip in luce po
riiapb: pipe pile inpein."
Thus translated by Dr. O'Conor, who has sadly mangled, if not
falsified, many curious passages in the Irish annals:
" Cuan O Lothcan, prsecipuus sapiens Hiberniic occisus in Teffia.
Judicium vseh cecidit in eos qui eum ocoiderunt.''
But the old translator of the Annals of Ulster, who was infinitely bet-
ter acquainted with the Irish language than Dr. O'Conor, paraphrases
it as follows, evidently from a text different from the two above re-
ferred to:
"A. D. 1024. Cuan O'Lochan, archpoet of Ireland [was] killed
treacherously by the men of Tchva, ancestors of [thcj Foxes ; they
stunk after, whereby they got the name of Foxes, a miracle shewed of
the poett.'
The notice of the killing of him, and the consctjuent visitation upon
the murderers, is thus given in the Annals of Kilronau:
xliv Introduction.
"A. D. 1024. Cuan Ua <^6cain .1. ppirh-dijep)^ 6penn, do mapBao
lu Uerpa. t)o pijne t)ia pipe p)le6 co poUup ap an luce po vhapB,
6\p po bappaijeo a n-opoch-oi^eo lab, -| ni po h-aonaiceo a (5)-cuipp
jup pojuil poeil 1 poluarham lat).
"A. D. 1024. Cuan Ua Lochain, chief poet of Ireland, was killed
by the Teffians. God wrought a miracle for the poet manifestly upon
the party who killed him, for they met their deaths in a tragical man-
ner, and their bodies were not interred until the wolves and birds
preyed upon them."
For a brief account of the poems ascribed to O'Lochaiu the reader
is referred to O'Reilly's Irish Writers, pp. 73, 74. The first poem
there mentioned has since been published in Petrie's Antiquities of
Tara Hill, Transactions of the Eoyal Irish Academy, vol. xviii. pp. 1 43.
Charles O'Conor of Belanagare, in an anonymous pamphlet written
by him in 1 749, against Sir Eichard Cox's Appeal on the Behaviour of
Dr. Charles Lucas, writes as if he had in his possession some MSS. of
Cuan O'Lochain. It appears from the Memoirs of his Life and Writings,
written by his grandson, the late Dr. Charles O'Conor, p. 211, that
Mr. O'Conor would never have acknowledged this pamphlet to be his
production, were it not that his correspondence with Reilly, the pub-
lisher of it, obliged him to acquiesce. In this pamphlet Mr. O'Conor
says :
/"What I have advanced on this subject I have extracted from our
ancient MSS., the only depositories of the form of our ancient consti-
tution, and particularly from the MSS. of Cuan O'Loghan, who ad-
ministered the affairs of Ireland on the death of Malachy II. Anno
Domini 1022."
Having premised thus much with regard to the author of the
poem, wc may now say something as to the subject of the tract; and
first of the words used.
Introductioti. xlv
^eapa: in the Sing., Nom. ^eip, Gen. jeipe (fern) — This word is
in common use in the sense of conjuration or solemn \ovf\ cuipim pa
jenpaiB ru, " I conjure thee," is a common saying. — See tale of Deir-
tlre, in the Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Dublin, p. 23, where
O'Flanagan translates it " 5o/e7?m voiy," and "injunctions," in a note
on the word. In this tract, however, the word is clearly used to de-
note " anything or act forbidden, because of the ill luck which would
result from its doing:" " Aruspex vetuit ante brumam aliquid novi
ncgotii accipere." — Terence. It also means a spell or charm.
It is iised here as the opposite or antithesis of buaba, and synony-
mous with
Upj^npra : O'Reilly gives a word upjapr (s. m.), which he ex-
plains, "bad luck, misfortune, fatality;" but this word is rather to be
formed from the verbal noun iipjapao (mas.), signifying prohibition,
interdiction, hindrance; see also capjapao, in O'Clerigh's Glossary
of ancient Irish words. It is used here as the antithesis of a6a.
6via6a : in the Sing, buaio (fem.) This is still the living Irish
word for victory. "When applied to plants or herbs in medical MSS.
it denotes virtue, power, &c. See the Battle of Magh Rath, pp. 84, 85,
280, where the three victories or remarkable events of the battle are
called cpi bunoa in cacha ; and see p. 239, infra, where it is translated
"gift".
Qdu: in the Sing., Nom. u6.. Gen. u6a (mas.) In a MS. in Tri-
nity College, Dublin, II. 3, 18, this is explained by buaio, and it is
evidently here used instead of it : the things which will insure good
luck and success. The word 66 is still used in every part of Ireland
to denote good luck or success. »
Whether the customs and popular beliefs or superstitions, recorded
in this poem, had ever been drawn up into a code before O'Lochain'stime,
it Avould now bo ditlicult to determine ; but we find a collection of the
xlvi Introduction.
kind in the concluding piece oi Leabhar na g-Ceart {infra, p. 238, &c.),
where some of the prohibitions are identical with O'Lochain's. Many
of those matters are clearly of Pagan origin, and the reference to the
king of Leinster drinking by the light of wax candles in the palace of
Dinn Riogh, shows that the poet considered some of these customs as in
existence from the most remote period of Irish history, as the kings of
Leinster had not resided at Dinn Riogh since the introduction of Chris-
tianity, for they deserted it for Nas (Naas) at a very remote period.
The prohibition, " that the sun should not find him in his couch at
Teamhair," has also reference to a period many centuries anterior to
O'Lochain's time ; for the monarchs of Ireland had not resided at
Teamhair or Tara since about the year 565, when it was cursed by
St. Ruadhan, or Rodanus, of Lothra. See MS. Trin. Col. Dub,, H. 1 . 1 5,
and Vita Sancti Rodani in the Codex Kilkenniensis, now preserved in
Marsh's Library, Class v. 3, Tab. i. No. 4, F., and as published by the
BoUandists at 25th April; and see also Connell Mageoghegan's trans-
lation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, MS. Trin, Col. Dub., F. 3. 19,
p. 45, and Petrie's Antiquities of Tara Hill, p. 101-103. Its abandon-
ment is also mentioned in the Danish work called the Konungs-Skugg-
sio quoted in Johnstone's Antiq. Celto-Scand., p. 287. From these facts.
it is quite obvious that some of those customs were regarded by the
poet as derived from the most remote periods, and that the observ-
ance of them in his own time was reckoned absolutely necessary to the
welfare of the monarch and the provincial kings.
"We recollect little in Irish history to guide us to the origin of
many of the curious restrictions here recorded; but it is quite ob-
vious that some of them have arisen from precaution, others from a
recollection of mischances. Look at the following restrictions of the
monarch of Ireland :
To alight on a Wednesday in Magh Breagh ; to traverse Magh Cuil-
Introduction. xlvii
linn after sunset; to incite his horse at Fan-Chomair; to go on Tuesday
into North Teabhtha ; to go on a ship upon the water the day after
Bealltaine (INIay day).
Such restrictions are not without parallels in the observances of
other nations, and there are many maxims of a similar kind known to
prevail even among wealthy classes in the present day, to an extent
that is seldom acknowledged. The prohibition against beginning any
new undertaking on a Friday is quite a geis of the class mentioned in
our text. The prohibition against sitting down to dinner, thirteen at
table, is particularly remarkable, and every shift is commonly made to
avoid or escape from it, with a real apprehension that, if the fatarfnumber
be complete, one of the party will surely die within the twelvemonth.
So the prohibition that the bridegroom's mother shall not go to church
with the bridal party is strictly submitted to; she must not be present
at the marriage ceremony anywhere — at church or at home ; and
though the parties concerned be in the habit of calling such beliefs
" superstitious," yet, when it comes to the point in this matter in
J;heir own case, it will be found that the geis will not be violated.
Addison, in the Spectator, has a paper relevant to this point, in
whichhe adduces curious instances of English superstitions, and tracts
of the present day arc not wanting, giving particular evidence on the
same subject.
Observances of a like nature were common among the Pagan na-
tions of what is considered classical antiquity, as we learn from their
•writers :
" SaepS malum line nobis, si mens non laeva fuisset,
De caelo tactas memini praedicere quercus.
9)Si\yG sinistra cava prajilixit ab ilice comix." — ^'irg. EclnfC. i. Ifi.
" Ipsa dies alios alio dodit ordiiic Luna
Felices opernm : quintani fuge ; pallidus Oituh
xlviii Introduction.
Eumenidesque satoe ; turn partu Terra nefaiido
Caeumque lapetumque creat, steviimque Typhcea,
Et conjurato3 caslum rescindere fratres." — Id. Georg. i. 280.
The origin of the adha or huadha may be similarly accounted for.
Some of them savour strongly of Pagan notions.
On the Division of the Year among the ancient Ii'ish.
As the seasons of the year are frequently mentioned in this book, it
will be well here to add a few words on the divisions of the year among
the ancient Irish. Dr. O'Conor has attempted to show, in his Rerum
Hibernicarum Scriptores, Epistola Wuncupatoria, Ixxi. et seq., and in the
Stowe Catalogue, vol. i. p. 32 : 1. That the year of Pagan Irish was
luni-solar, consisting, like that of the Phoenicians and Egyptians, of
365 days and six hours: 2. That it was divided by them, as it is at
present into four ratha or quarters, known by the names of Samh-ratha,
Foghmhar-ratha, Geimh-ratha, and Tar-7'atha, now corruptly Earrach,
or summer, autumn, winter, and spring ; the first of these quarters
compiencing at the vernal equinox, the second at the summer solstice,
the third at the autumnal equinox, and the fourth at the winter sol-
stice; 3. That at the beginning of each of these ratha a religious festi-
val was celebrated, but that the periods when they were celebrated were
changed by the early Christians, to agree with the Christian festivals,
and to obliterate the recollection of the origin of the Pagan rites which
they were not able utterly to abolish. That such a change was made
he infers from a passage occurring in all the old Lives of St. Patrick,
which states that Patrick lighted the Paschal fire at Slane in 433, at
the same time that King Laeghaire was celebrating the festival of
Bealltaine at Teamhair ; which would be fair enough if the fire were
Introduction. xlix
called Bealltuine by any of Patrick's ancient biographers ; but it is
not, and therefore Dr. O'Couor's inference Avants the vis conseque7itice.
In the oldest Life of St. Patrick extant, namely, that by Mocuteuius,
preserved in the Book of Armagh, the fire lighted by the king of
Teamhair, and Patrick's Paschal fire, are mentioned as follows :
" Contigit vero in illo anno, idolatria? sollempnitatem quam gentiles
incantationibus multis, et magicis inventionibus, nonnullis aliis idola- ,
triic superstitionibns, congregatis etiam regibus, satrapis, ducibus,
principibus, et optimatibus popiili, insuper et magis, incantatoribns,
auruspicibus, et omnis artis omnisque doli inventoribus doctoribusqne
vocatis ad Loigaireum, velut qtiondam ad Nabcodonossor regem, in
Temoria, istorum Babyloue, exercere consuerant, eadem nocte qua
Sanctus Patricius Pasca, illi illara adorarent exercentque festivitatem
gentilem.
" Erat quoque qviidam mos apud illos per edictum omnibus inti-
matus ut quicumque in cunctis regionibus sive procul, sive juxta, in
ilia nocte incendissent igneni, antequam in domu regia, id est, in pala-
tio Temorise, succenderetur, periret anima ejus de populo suo.
" Sanctus ergo Patricius Sanctum Pasca celebrans, incendit divinum
ignem valde lucidum et benedictum, qui in nocte refulgens, a cunctis
pene plani canipi habitantibus vissus est."— Book of Armagh, fol. 3, b.
It is also stated in the Leabhar Breac as follows :
"CeicPucpaic lap pin en Pepcn pep Peicc. Qbancap cemio occti
ip II) inuD ym pepcop na Cape. Pepjaichep fxoejuipe do clii in cenio,
up bci h-ip\n jeip Cenipucli oc^oe&eluib; ocuj'ni luriiub necli remo
D'pc'c66 I ri-GipmD ip ino lou pin, no cu n-u6anca h-i Ceiiipcnj^ iqi ri'ip
ip in j^oUttriicnn." — Fol. 14, a 1.
" Patrick goes afterwards to Fearta Fear Feicc. A fire is kindled by
hiui at that place on Easter eve. Laeghaire is enraged as he sees the
fire, fur that was \\\cgeit< [prohibition] of Teamhair among the Gaedhhi! ;
a
1 lyitroduction.
and no one dared to kindle a fire in Ireland on that day until it should
be first kindled at Teamhair at the solemnity."
Now, however these two passages may seem to support Dr. O' Conor's
inference, it is plain that the fire lighted at Teamhair is not called
Bealltaine in either of them. It should be also added that it is not so
called in any of the Lives of Patrick. According to' a vellum MS. in
the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, H. 3. 17, p. 732, the fire from
which all the hearths in Ireland was supplied was lighted at Tlaclitgha
[at Athboy] in the Munster portion of Meatli, and not on the first of
May, but on the first of November ; while, according to Keating, the
author of the Dinnseanchus, and others, the fire called Bealltaine
was lighted at Uisneach, in the Connacht portion of Meath, on the
first of May, which for that reason is called La Bealltaine to the pre-
sent day. The probability then is, that the fire lighted at Teamhair,
on Easter eve, A. D. 433, was not the Bealltaine, but some other
fire, and it is stated in the second life of St. Patrick, published by
Colgan, that it Avas the Feis Teamhrach, or Feast of Teamhair, that
Laeghaire and his satraps were celebrating on this occasion ; while the
author of the Life of St. Patrick in the Book of Lismore, asserts that
Laeghaire was then celebrating the festival of his own nativity, which
appears to have been the truth, and if so it was not the regular sep-
tennial Feis'', which met after Samhain, but one convened to celebrate
the king's birth-day. From these notices it is quite clear that O'Conor's
inference, .that the Bealltaine was lighted on the 21st of March by the
Pagan Irish, is not sustained. In the accounts given of the Bealltaine
a This is ii'-.ially called tncnnial, as in ofL., p 22, though the other reading there
tlie passages quoted from Keating, &c., in 15. makes it every fifth year, p. 273,
above, p. 25, 26, ^ac cpeap bliaoain ; "■ ^'^- See also tiie poem, p. 2-10, infra,
but it is every seventh year in this woi'k, ^vliere both copies, L. & M.^ have each
in *hc prose of L. at p. G, and in the Various )"eeichcriluD Sumna, i. e. every seventh
Headings of B., p. 272 ; and in the poem S,onh<ihi.
Introduction. li
ill Cormac's Glossary, and in H. 3. 18, p. 596, as quoted in Petrie's
Antiquities of Tara Hill, no time is sjjecijied for the lighting of it, nor
could ^v(i be able from them, or from any other written evidence yet
discovered, to decide iu what season it was lighted, were it not that
the first of May is still universally called in Irish La Bealltaine. But
Dr. O'Conor argues that this name was applied in Pagan times to
the 21st of March, and that it was transferred to the iirst of May
by the early Christians, to agree Avith a Christian festival. This,
however, is contrary to the tradition which still prevails in many
parts of Ireland, namely, that the fires lighted in Pagan times, on
the first of May, were transferred by St, Patrick to the 24th of
June, in honor of St. John the Baptist, on the eve of whose festival
they still light bonfires iu every county in Ireland, and not on the first
of May, except in Dublin, where they continue to light them on the
1st of May also. The observances still practised on May-day (which
have no connexion whatever with Christianity) and the traditions pre-
served in the country respecting it, found a strong argument that it
must have been a Pagan festival, while the 21st of March is not remark-
able for any observances. The same may be observed of Samhain, the
1st of November, on which, according to all the Irish authorities, the
Druidic fires were lighted at Tlachtgha. The Editor is, therefore, con-
vinced that Dr. O'Conor has thrown no additional light on the division
of the year among the Pagan Irish, ibr his conjecture respecting the
agreement of the Paschal fire of St. Patrick witli the Bealltaine of the
Pagan Irish is visionary, inasmuch as it is stated in the second life by
Probus that it was the Feis Teamhrach that Laeghaire was then cele-
brating. The Avords are given in very ancient Irish, as foUoWvS, by the
original author, who wrote in the Latin language : " 1]' ip inn nini| i[i
|MM (un f>o pi^nebb feip CempcJohi la f.oej^mpe mac Weill -\ In
I i|iu Bipeaiin," i. c. " It is in that time iiidi'i'd tliat I lie Fcis Temh-
.1 ■>
lii Introduction.
radhi was made by Loegaire, son of Niall, and by the men of Eire." —
See Colgan's Trias Thcmni., pp. 15, 20.
The fact seems to be that we cannot yet determine the season with
Avhich the Pagan Irish year commenced. As to Dr. O'Conor making
earrach, the spring, the last quarter, because, in his opinion, it is com-
pounded of iar and ratha, postremus anni cursus, it can have no weight
in the argument, because there is not the slightest certainty that
this is the real meaning of the term, for in Cormac's Glossary the
term is explained urughadk, i. e. refreshing, or renewing, and it is con-
jectured that it is cognate with the Latin ver: it may be added that it
is almost identical with the Greek lap, 'iapoQ.
That the Pagan Irish divided the year into four quarters is quite
evident from the terms Earrach, Samhradh, Foghmhar, and Geimhridh,
Avhich are undoubtedly ancient Irish wordsj not derived from the Latin
through Christianity ; and that each of these began with a stated day,
three of which days are still known, namely, Bealltaine, otherwise called
Ceideamhain, or beginning of summer (see p. 20, infra), when they
lighted fires at Uisneach, in the beginning of Samhradh ; Lughnasadh,
the games of Lughaidh Lamh-fhada, which commenced at Taillte on
the first day oi Foghmhar, the harvest; and Samhain, i. e. Samh-flmin.,
or summer-end, Avhen they lighted fires at Tlachtgha. The beginning
of Earrach, the spring, was called Oimelc, which is derived from oi,
ewe, and melc, milk, because the sheep began to yean in that season,
but we have not found that any festival was celebrated.
In a MS. in the Library of the British Museum (Harleian MSS.,
II. I. B.,'No. 5280, p. 38), the names of the days with which the sea-
sons commenced are given in the following order:
" O Sariipuan co h-Oimelc, h-o Oimelc co 6elcine, h-o 6elcine
CO bpon-cpojam," i. e. " i'rom Samhsuan to Oimelc, from Oimelc to
Beltine, from Beltine to Bron-troghain.''' And the following explana-
tions are then given by way of gloss : .
Introduction. liii
" Samain bno .1. p'arhpuin .1. puin in c-pampaio tnin, ap ip oe poinn
no bi6 pop un m-pliu6ain ano .1. in pari.pcib o 6eilcine co Sarhpuin,
aciip in ^eirhpeo 6 Sathpuin co 6elcine," i.e. "Samhain, i. e. Samh-
fhuin, i. e. the end o^ Samradh [summer] is in it, for the year was
divided into two parts, i. e. the Samradh, from Beltine to Samfhuin,
and the Geimhredh, from Samfhuin to Beltine."
A similar explanation of Sarhpuin is given in H. 3. 18, p. 596, and
in O'Clery's Glossary.
Oimelc is derived from imme-folc, and explained caioe an eap-
paij, i. e. the beginning of Spring, or from oi-melc, sheep-milk: " Ip hi
aimpip innpenn a cicc app caeipiuc acup 1 m-bleajaup coipicch," i. e.
" This is the time when the milk of sheep comes, and when sheep are
milked." InPeter O'Connell'sMS. Dictionary, oimelc is also written
imbuLc, and explained peil ftpijoe, i.e. St. Bridget's festival, 1st
February, which day has for many centuries been called La FeUe
Brighde, the older name being obsolete.
Beltine, the name of the first day of summer, is thus explained :
"6elrine .1. bil cine .1. zt^ne poinTnech .1. Da reneo bo jniDip la
h-oepp peccai no opui co cinceclaiB mopaib, 1 do lecDip na cerpa
ecappae op reomannaib cecha bliaona; no 6elDine ; 6el Din oinm
t)e loail; ip ann oo[c]ap pelbci oine jaca cerpa pop peilb 6eil."
" Beltine, i. c. biltine, i. e. lucky fire, i. e. two fires which used to be
made by the lawgivers or druids, with great incantations, and they
used to drive the cattle between them [to guard] against the diseases
of each year. Or Bel-dine ; Bel was the name of an idol god. It was
on it [i. e. that day] that the firstling of every kind of cattle used to be
exhibited as in the possession of Bel." Sec a similar passage quoted
in Petrie's Antiquities of Tara Hill, p. 60.
Bron-troghain, the name of the first day of the next season is ex-
plained Lvghnasadh [Lammas], i. c. " Uaioe Pojamaip .1. ip (inn Do
liv Int.roductlo7i.
bpoine cpo,^ani .1, calam po roiprip. Cpo^an Din ainm &o calarii,"
i.e. "the begining of Foghamhar, i.e. in it Troghan brings forth, i. e.
the earth under fruits. Troghan, then, is a name for the earth."
In the Book of Lismore, in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy,
(foh 189, a) mip cpojain is explained, Cujnapa, Lammas.
In Cormac's Glossary (as we have already intimated), eppac, the
spring, is explained upugab, i. e. refreshing, and derived from the
Latin ver; bnt it is much more like the Greek 'iu^ 'ix^o<;.
Sariipao is thus explained in Cormac's Glossary:
" Sampao, quapi parh ip inb 6bpa pol ip in Caicm unbe oicicup
Sampon .1. pol eopum, Sariipao oin .1. piao picep ^pian, -| ip ano up
mo 00 [r]aicne a poiUpe acup a h-aipoe, i. e. Samhradh, quasi samh
in the Hebrew, which is sol in the Latin, nnde dicitur Smnson, i. e. Sol
eonim. Samhradh, then, a riadh, i. e. a course which the sun runs, and
it is in it that its light and its height are the most resplendent."
In O'Clery's Glossary, the monosyllable samh is explained by Sarh-
pao, summer. It is clearly the same word as summer.
In the same Glossary the harvest is defined as the name of the last
month, Do'n nnp oei^enaij po h-ainmnijeao, and derived quapi Po-
^ariiup .1. pora niip n-^cnrii, the foundation of tlie month of Gainh or
November. It has a close resemblance to, and perhaps the same origin
as, the Greek o-ptm^h, for if we prefix the digamma, and aspirate the tt,
we have Fo<p&'pc«. This, and the relationship of £«p, e«g«s with eappac,
have never been remarked before.
In Cormac's Glossary, Geimhredh, winter, is conjectured to be from
the Greek Gamos (Tcc/^oi), and this conjecture is attempted to be
strengthened by the remark, '■'■ inde [in eo] veteres midieres diixerunt P^ In
the same Glossary, voce Cpoicenn, as well as in O'Clery's, the mono-
syllable garii is explained hiems, j^eiriipeao, and it is quite evident that
this, or jeirii, is the primitive form of the word, and it is cognate with
Introduction. Iv
the Welsh gmiaf, the Greek ^sr^tta, and the Latin hijems. The proba-
bility, thea'efore, is, that the terminations radh or readh, added to the
simple samh and gamh, or geimh, are endings like the er in the Saxon
summ-e/', wint-er, though there is a possibility that they may be
compounded of samh, and gamh or geimh, and re, time. There is not
the slightest probability that the terminations rach, radh, ar, readh, in
the terms earrach, samradh, foghmhar, geimhreadh, are corruptions of
ratha, a qiiartcr of a year, as Dr. O'Conor takes for granted.
It might at first sight appear probable that the year of the Pagan
Irish began with Oimelc, the spring, when the sheep began to yean
and the grass to grow, but this is far from certain; and if there be no
error of transcribers in Cormac's Glossary, we must conclude that the
last month of Foghamhar, i. e. that preceding 3Iis Gamh or November,
was the end of their summer, and of their year, Po^nrhap .1. oo'n mip
Dei jenaij5 po h-ainmnijeao, i. e. Foghamhar, was given as a name to
the last month. Since the conversion of the Irish to Christianity they
began the year with the month of January, as is clear from the Feilire
Aenghuis.
Besides the division of the year into the four quarters, of which we
have spoken, and into two equal parts called ^aiii or jeim (Welsh
gauaf) and pam (Welsh haf), it would appear from a gloss on an ancient
Irish law tract in H. 3. 18, p. 13, T. C. D., it was divided into two
unequal parts called Samh-fucht [cucc, i, e. time'], or summer-period,
and Gamh-fucht or Geimh-fucht, i. e. winter-period ; the first comprising
five months, namely, the last month of Spring, and the three months
of Summer, and the first month of Autumn; and the other the two
last months of Autumn, the three months of Winter^ and tlio two first
months of Spring. This division was evidently made to reguhxte the
price of grazing lands.
Ivi hitroduction.
On the Chariots and Roads of the ancient Irish.
The mention of chariots in this work requires some observations.
St. Patrick, according to his Tripartite Life, published by Colgan, vi-
sited most parts of Ireland in a chariot. The carhad is also men-
tioned in the oldest Irish stories and romances, as in the Tain Bo
Cuailghne, in which Cuchullainn's carhad (chariots), and his ara, or
charioteer, are constantly mentioned. There was a locality at Teamh-
air or Tara, called Fan na g-Carbat, or slope of the chariot, and it is
distinctly stated in the Life of St. Patrick preserved in the Book of
Armagh, that the Gentile or Pagan Irish had chariots at Tara before
their conversion to Christianity.
According to the ancient Irish annals, and other fragments of Irish
history, the ancient Irish had many roads Avhich were cleaned and kept
in repair according to law. The different terms used to denote road,
among the ancient Irish, are thus defined in Cormac's Glossary, from
which a pretty accurate idea may be formed of their nature :
"T^oc .1. pouc .1. p6-pec .i. nio oloap pec .i. pemica uniup ani-
malip. Qcdic z\\a. il-anmaiina pop conaipiB .1. p^c, poc, pariiuc,
plije, Idrh-pocae, cua6-pocae, borap. ^
Sec ceramup uc ppeoipcimup.
■Roue .1. Da pacac no oa cuac cappac t)0 aenach Dae imme do
ponao ppi hecpaice menooca pop meoon.
Ramac .1. mo oloap poc .1. uppcup bip pop up DuniB pir. Cac
comaijcecli a cip 00 p6 cuice olejap De a glanao.
Slije Din DO pcucao cappac pech apaile Do ponca ppi h-imco-
riiapc Da cappac .1. cappac pig ocup cappac eppcoip co n-oechaio
cac ae olb pech apaile.
6arhpoca .1. icep Da plijiD, plige Dap ruaipcepc menooca, apaile
Dap a oepcepc ppi leppu ppi cae do ponao.
hitroduction. Ivii
Uuajpoca pop chen pep cpeBap conaip ooapcnciiti poicoi nopleiBe.
66diap cpa .1. calla bt Boin alanae pop poc, cipaile pop rappna
pop a calluc a lueij no a n-gaihna ina pail, mab 1 (i-a n-oiaij bepp
upcup in bo bep oa eppi.
Qcdic ceopa jlanca 00 cnc ae. Cpi haimpepa 1 n-jlancap ,1
ampep echpuachaip, aimpip chuae, aimpeji cochca. Ice a cpi jlanca
.1. jlanao a pe6a ocup a uipce 1 n cocluib. Ice aicpi pop a njlan-
rcjp .1. ap nellneo a cappac oc bul pop coe ap nellneo a ech-
paioe oc rechc bo aenach -|ca."
" EoT, i. e. ROUT, i. e. ro-shet [a great set, or path], i. e. greater
than a set. i. e. semita unius animalis. There are many names upon the
roads, i. e. sed, rot, ramhat, slighe, lamh-rotae, tuadh-rotae, bothar :
" Set, imprimis, ut prcediximus [i. e. semita unius animalis'].
"Rout [ro-shet, great path], a chariot goes upon it to the fair;
it was made for the horses of a mansion in medium.
" Ramhat, i. e. -wider than a rot, i. e. an urscur, an open space or
street, which is in front of the forts of kings. Every neighbour whose
land comes up to it is bound to clean it.
" Slighe: for two chariots pass by each other upon it; it was made
for the meeting of two chariots, i. e. the chariot of a king and the cha-
riot of a bishop, so that each of them might pass by the other [with-
out touching].
" Lamiirota, i. e. [it extends] between two slighes, one to the
north of a mansion, and the other to the south ; it was made for forts
and for houses.
*' Tuagurota [farm road], for tlie passage of the husbandman, a
passage which reaches to a rot, or a mountain. ^
" Bothar: two cows fit upon it, one lengthwise, the otlicr athwart,
and their calves and yearlings fit on it along with them; for if thoy
were behind them the cow that followed would wound tlicin.
Iviii Introduction.
" There are three cleanings for each. Three periods at which they
are cleaned, i. e. time of horse-racing, time of cua, time of war. These
are the three cleanings, i. e. cleaning of wood [brushwood], of water,
of weeds. These are the causes for which they are cleaned : on account
of their dirtying of the chariot going on a journey, for dirtying of the
horses coming from the fair, &c."
According to the ancient Irish topographical work, called Dinn-
seanchus, there were five great roads in Ireland, called by the fol-
lowing names, viz., Slighe Dala, Slighe Asail, Slighe Midhluachra,
Slighe Cualaun, and Slighe Mor. Lughaidh O'Clerigh, in his poeti-
cal controversy with Tadhg Mac Daire, urges in support of the dig-
nity of Conn of the Hundred Battles, the ancestor of the dominant
families of Leath Chuinn, that these five roads, which led to the
fort of Teamhair, were first discovered on the birth-night of this
great monarch, and he is borne oixt in this assertion by the autho-
rity of the Dinnseanchus, though neither of these great authorities,
nor O'Flaherty, who reiterates the same wonderful fact {Ogygia,
page 314), tells us the meaning oi discovering these roads. It may
be a bardic mode of recording that these roads were completed by
Feidhlimidh the Lawgiver, on the day before Conn was born, and
that the people travelled by them on the next day. But old stories of
this kind are found among every ancient people, and are worthy of
preservation for the historical facts which they envelope. At wdiatever
period these great roads were made, they indubitably existed, and are
frequently referred to in Irish historical tales, from which their posi-
tions may be pretty accurately determined. Slighe Dala was the great
south-western road of Ireland, which extended from the southern side
of Tara hill, in the direction of Ossory. Slighe Asail was a western road
extending from the hill of Tara ig. the direction of Loch Uair (Lough
Owel), near Mullingar, in Westmeath. A part of this road is distinctly
Introduction. lix
referred to in Leabhar na h-Uidhri, as extending from Dun na n- Airbhedli
to the cross at Tigh Lomain. Sligbe Midhluachra was a northern road,
but nothing has been yet discovered to prove its exact position. Slighe
Cualann extended from Tara, in the direction of Dublin and Bray, and
Slighe Mor was the great western road, the lie of which is defined by
the Eiscir Riada, a line of gravel hills extending from Dublin to Meadh-
raighe, near the toAvn of Gal way. See Petrie's Antiquities of Tara Hill,
p. 205, and see the 6ealac t)uiblinna mentioned in our work at p. 14.
Besides these great highways there are various others of inferior
character mentioned in the Irish annals, and in the bardic histories of
Ireland, at an early period. Keating mentions the following: Bealach
Cro, Bealach Duin Bolg, Bealach Chouglais, Bealach Dathi, Bealach
Gabhrain, Bealach Mughna, Bealach Mor, in Osraidhe [another name
for Slighe Dala], Bealach na Luchaide, in North IMunster. The fol-
lowing roads are referred to in the Annals of the Four Masters, at
various years. The dates are added to such as are mentioned before
the English Invasion: Bealach an Chamain, Bealach an Chluainin,
Bealach an Chrionaigh, Bealach an Diothruibhe, Bealach an Fhiodhfail,
Bealach an Fhothair, Bealach an Mhaighre, Bealach Bodhbha, A. D.
866 ; Bealach Buidhe an Choirrshleibhe, Bealach Chille Brighde, Bea-
lach Coille na g-Cuiritin, Bealach Chonglais, Bealach Cro, Bealach
Duin, Bealach Duin Bolg, A. D. 594 ; Bealach Duinn larainn, Bealach
Ele, A. D. 780; Bealach Eochoille, A. D. 1123; Bealach Fedha, A.D.
572; Bealach Fele, A. D. 730; Bealach Gabhrain, A. D. 756; Bealach
Guirt an lubhair, A. D. 1094; Bealach Ithain, Bealach Leachta, A. D.
976; Bealach Lice, A. D. 721; Bealach Mor Muighe Dala, Bealach
Mughna, A. D. 903; Bealach Muiue na Siride, A. JD. 1144; Bealach
na Bethighc, Bealach na Fadhbaighe, Bealach na g-Corr-ghad, Bealach
na n-Gamhna, Bealach na h-Urbhron, Bealach natha, A. D. 866; Bea-
lach Ui Mhithidhein, Bothar Mor Cnaiuhchoille, Bothar na Mac Kiogh.
Ix Introduction.
Various other roads are mentioned in the lives of the Irish saints,
and in the Irish historical tales, but it would be out of place to dwell
further upon the subject in this place. There is, hoAvever, one road,
the position of which it is necessary to fix before we can determine the
boundary between Laighin Tuath-ghabhair and Laighin Deas-ghabhair,
or north and south Leinster, namely, that of Gabhair. This seems to
have been the name of a road somewhere near Carlow, but its exact
position and extent have not as yet been ascertained. The following
reference to it in a historical tale preserved in the Book of Leinster, a
MS. of the twelfth century, preserved in Lib. Trin. Col. Dub., H. 2.
18, may help to fix its position, or at least direction. The champions
conversing are Lughaidh mac na d-tri Con and Conall Cearnach, who
are introduced as standing on the banks of the River Liffey:
" Ra jac-pu, ap ^ujaio, pop 6elac ^aBpuain co n-oecup pop 6eluc
Smechuin. Qip^-piu [.i. eipig-piu] amne pop gabuip pop TTlaipg
(Laijen co corriaippem i ITlaij Qipjec "Roip." — Fol. 78, b.
" I shall go, said Lughaidh, upon Bealach Gabhruain till I get on
Belach Smechuin. Now go thou upon Gabhair on Mairg Laighean,
that we may meet on Magh Airgead-Eos."
Mairg Laighean is the mountain of Sliabh Mairge, Anglice Slew-
margiie, a barony on the west side of the Barrow, in the south-east
of the Queen's County, across which, doubtlessly, this road extended.
Magh Airgead-Ros, where the champions appointed to meet, was the
ancient name of a plain on the River Eoir, Anglice, the Nore, in Ossory ;
and' its position is marked by the fort of Rath Bheathaidh op ©oip i n-
Qipgec-'Rop, now Rathveagh, on the Nore.
See Annals of the Four Masters, Anno Mundi, 350], 3516 ; and
Tighe's Statistical Account of the County of Kilkenny, Antiquities,
p. 629.
Introduction. Ixi
Of Chess among the ancient Irish.
TuE fre(|ueut mention of chess in tliis work sliows that chess-play-
ing was one of the favorite amusements of the Irish chieftains. Tlie
word picceall is translated " tabula3 lusoria?," by OTlaherty, where
he notices the bequests of Cathaeir Mor, monarch of Ireland, Ogijgia,
p. 311. In Cormac's Glossary, the picceal is described as quadran-
gular, having straight spots of black and white. It is referred to in
the oldest Irish stories and historical tales extant, as in the very old
one called Tochniarc Etaine, preserved in Leabhar na h-Uidhri, a
Manuscript of the twelfth century, in which the pircell is thus re-
ferred to:
" Ciac'ainm-peo? ol Gochaio, Ni apoaipc pon, ol pe, mioip h]\f^
f.eir. CiD ooc peace? ol Gochuib? t)o imbipc pibciUe ppicpu, ol pe.
Qm maic pe em, ol GochaiD, pop pircill ? Q pporhao ovin, ol
niioip. Qca, ol Gochaio mo pigan \ n-a cocluo, ip le m cech aca
in piccell. Qca puiiD cenae, ol TTlibip piocell nao meppo. 6a pfp
on : clup napjic ocup y'\\\ oip, ouup puppunao [.i. lupao] caca haip-
Di popp in clap Ol liic lojmcdp, ocup pep bolj bi piji pono cpeou-
riiae. Gcpuio ITIiOip m piocill lap pin. Imbip, ol IDioip. Mi im-
mepacc Di jiull, ol GochaiD. Cib jell bitipunn? ol TTliDip. Gumma
lim, ol Gochaio. Roc bia lim-pu, ol Dlioip, mu cu bepep mo co-
cell caejac jubup n-oub^lap."
" ' What is thy name?' said Eochaidh. ' It is not illustrious,' I'eplied
the other, ' Midir of Brigh Leith.' 'What brought thee hither?' said
Eochaidh. ' To play fitheheall with thee,' replied he. ' Art thou good
at fitheheall?' said Eochaidh. 'Let us have the prqof of it,' replied
!Midir. ' The Queen,' said Eochaidh, ' is asleep, and the house in which
the fitheheall is belongs to her.' ' There is here,' saiil Midir, ' a no worse
fitheheall.' This was true indeed: it was a l)()anl nf silver and pure
Ixii
Introduction.
gold, and every aiigle was illuminated with precious stones, and a
man-bag of woven brass Avire. Midir then arranges the fithcheall,
'Play,' said Midir. 'I will not, except for a wager,' said Eochaidli.
'What wager shall Ave stake?' said Midir, 'I care not what,' said
Eochaidh. ' I shall have for thee,' said Midir, ' fifty dark grey steeds,
if thou win the game.'"
The Editor takes this opportunity of presenting to the reader four
different views of the same piece, an ancient chess-man — a kimr found
in Ireland, which is preserved in the cabinet of his friend, Georoe
Petrie, LL.D. ; he has never discovered in the Irish MSS. any full or
detailed desciijjtion of a chess-board and its furniture", and he is,
I* See the line in p. 242, poipne co B. In anotlier place, page 246, we have
n-a. b-pichchiUaiB, MS. L_tlie fa- Kichchill ucup bpanbub ban,
mily, brigade, or set of chessmen,— a chessboard and white chessmen; which
po.pne pinna is the reading in MS. ,vonls nmy be considered t., determine the
Introduction.
Ixiii
therefore, unable to prove that pieces of differeut forms and powers,
similar to those among other nations, were used by the Irish, but he is
of opinion that they were. From the exact similarity, as well in style
as in material, of the original, to those found in the Isle of Lewis, and
which have been so learnedly illustrated by Sir Frederick Madden, in an
Essay published in A^olume xxiv. of the Archasologia, the Editor is
disposed to believe that the latter may be Irish also, and not Scandina-
vian, as that eminent antiquary supposed. It Vvfould, at all events,
seem certain that the Lewis chess-men and Dr. I'etrie's are contempo-
raneous, and belonged to the same people; and no Scandinavian speci-
cdIoi-, wliilc. Tlie clii'ss Iciiij; in Dr. INitric's At"lcr qunting the iiassa;,'^ in Cainlnvii-
caliinct is of bone, of very close texture, si.s, lie adds, williout any eoinnient: "They
and is tlic same size as the above engraving. wear, likewi.se, very .sharp and long sword.s.
The ICditor takes this opporliniity of sharp at one side only, « hircfurc llicy strike
adding to tin- note on " swords," p. ;V2. witli tlie side only and nut the point." —
llic. following extr.icl from ( )'l''lah('rty : '^,'/.'/.'/'", part iii. e. :)'.».
Ixiv Introductioti.
mens, as far as the Editor knows, have been as yet found, or at lelbt
published, which present anything like such a striking identity in
character. Dr. Petrie's specimen was given to him about thirty years
ago by the late Dr. Tuke, a well-known collector of antiquities and
other curiosities in Dublin; and, as that gentleman stated, was found
with several others, some years previously, in a bog in the county of
Meath.
The peap pirciUe, or chessman, is also frequently referred to in
old tales, as in the very ancient one called Tain bo Cuailghne, in which
the champion Cuchullainn is represented as killing a messenger, Avho
had told him a lie, with a peap pibcilLe:
" 6a anoboi Cuchullainn oc imbipc piocille ocup ^oej mac 'Rian-
jabpae a aupa peipin. Ip com cuicbiu6-pa on, op pe, do bejica
bpec im nac nieapaije. 6apo6ain bo lleci bia pepaib piocilli oon
cechcaijie co mboi pop lop a incinne."
" Cuchullainn and his own charioteer, Loegh, son of Eiangabhra,
were then playing chess. ' It was to mock me,' said he, ' thou hast told
a lie about what thou mistakest not.' With that he cast [one] of his
chessmen at the messenger, so that it pierced to the centre of his
brain." — Leahhar na h- Uidri.
Again, in a romantic tale in the same MS., the peap piocilli is
thus referred to :
"Ciap bo mop ocup ciap bo aipejoa cpa ^oejaipe callapcaip i
n-oen jlaic mo pip ooD painic peib callao mac bliaona, ocup coc
nomailc ecip a 61 boip lappuibiu arhail caipionioep peji piocilli pop
cuipiDin."
"Though great and illustrious was Loeghaire, he fitted on the
palm of one hand of the man who had arrived as would a one-vear-
old boy, and he rubbed him between his two palms, as the fear
Jithchille is drawn in a tairidin.''^ See also Battle of Magh Rath
pp. 36, 37.
Introduction. - Ixv
On the Irish Text and Translation.
Ox a careful comparison of tlie two vellum copies of wliicli we have
spoken in the opening of this Introduction, it was found that the copy
in the Book of Leacan, though not free from defects and errors, is by far
the more correct one, and it has, therefore, been unhesitatingly adopted
as the text of the present edition.
Sentences, words, &c., omitted from the copy in the Book of Leacan,
and found in the other copy, have been supplied [in brackets] to the
Irish text; and the more remarkable varioe lectioneshave been added for
the inspection and consideration of the critical scholar at the end of
this volume. It has not been considered necessary to notice the omis-
siom of the Book of Baile an Mhuta in all cases.
The exact orthography of the Book of Leacan has been preserved
throughout, but the contractions have been dispensed with ; and the
.grammatical marks, such as hyphens, apostrophes, and stops, and
also the marks of long quantity, eclipsis, and aspiration, have been
supplied according to the genius of the language and the most approved
modern pronunciation, except in the first piece (which is not part of
Leabhar na g-Ceart, though usually prefixed to it), which has been
printed without these latter marks, as a specimen of the text, showing
to what a small extent the dot, as a mark of aspiration, was used of
old''. The letter h postfixed to consonants (being capital letters) to
denote aspiration, and the 5- or other consonant prefixed to mark
eclipsis have been enclosed (in parentheses) to point out to the reader
the addition even of a letter made by the Editor, and to distinguish at
once to his eye these latter from the additions [in brackets] obtained
•See some further remarks connected Headings," at the end of the volume, p. 20i),
witli this subject given with tiic " Various infra.
e
Ixvi Introduction.
from the second copy of the text. The reason for supplying the aspira-
tions and eclipses must be evident to all those who understand the gram-
matical structure of the Irish language, for in many instances the
sense of the language, and particularly the syntactical concord, is
imcertain without them. The Irish text, stripped of its aspirations and
eclipses, might be said to resemble the Hebrew text of the Old Testa-
ment given without the Masoretic points which determine the sounds ;
but the iise of the Irish marks is still more important. It is true that
if the language became a dead one it could be understood without the
aspirations used at the middle and end of words, as, yapugao, oenam,
mnatb, which might be as intelligible to the eye as papujab, benarh,
mnctib; but the aspirations and eclipses which, at the beginning of
words, point out the gender and number of words, and determine the
Ibrce of particles, can never be dispensed with without obscuring the,
sense. For example, the letter a, as a possessive pronoun, denotes some-
times his, sometimes her, and at another tvaiQtheir: as, if it be required to
say her head, the c will have its radical sound, n ceunn; if /iw head, the
c will be aspirated, a ceann; and if their head, the c will be eclipsed,
a g-ceann; from which it is quite evident that, if the aspiration and
eclipsis were omitted, the meaning of the word a could not be seen.
It has been asserted that the ancient pronunciation differed from the
modern in retaining the sounds of many consonants which are now
aspirated ; but there is no proof of this, as the same letter in the
same grammatical situation is found sometimes aspirated and some-
times not, in the most ancient Irish MSS. extant; and it is quite fair
to conclude from this fact, that these marks of aspiration were omitted
as one might neglect to dot an i, or to cross a t, and the omission took
I^lace through the mere haste of transcribers, though sometimes perhaps
intentionally, especially on those consonants which were always pro-
nounced as aspirate, as b in the termination of the dative or ablative
Introduction. Ixvii
plural, and 5 and D in the termination uj^ud, and d in ao, the ter-
mination of active participles, or progressive active nouns. Theeclips-
ino- consonants are also equally necessary to the sense, for when they
arc omitted, the sense is sometimes so obscured that tlie meaning can
only be guessed at, or discovered by investigation too troublesome to
impose at all times on a reader.
Seasa a^us 6uaoha
5easa a^us buaolia
^©QSQ -| upjapca pij Gpeno i pij na cinceao annpo pip.
Seachc n-upjapca pij li-Gpino anopo .k
Uupcbail 5peni paip ma I0151 1 TDui^' dieampach; ruplaim*
Cheacaine 1 IDuij Gpeaj; imrheachc minji Cuillino lap puineao
n-5pene ; plaioi a each' i Pan^-chomaip ; ceaclic bia niaipc pop
Uearhpa* chuaipcepr; bpoineach^ pop beachpa m 6uan lap m-6eall-
raine"; pljchc pliiaij pop Qrh TTIaijne [in VTIaipc] lap Samiiin'^.
Q peachr m-buaoa:
lapc 6oinDi [do romailc]; piao Cuibni^i; meap manano ;
ppaechmeap 6pi5 6eichi^; bipop 6popnaiDi; uipce chobaip Cldachr-
5a; milpab Maipi'°: h-i Calaino Qujmpc do poichoip pin uili do
pij Ceampach. Qn bliaoain i cemleao inopin ni cheijeab 1 n-oi-
peum paejail do" -\ ip piam no moijeoD ap cac lear.
Coic upjapra pig ^aigean anopo .1.
Caipmchell Cecaine pop Uiiuich Coijean pop cuaidibeal; coo-
' The numerals refer to tlie various readings, wliicli wilt be found at tlie end of tlie worl;.
» Of the provinces cuiceao. This Now only four provinces are recognised,
word literally means a fifth part, and is and still CU15 cuijeab na h-Bipennn
translated Quintana by O'Flaherty in his is a common expression to denote all Ireland.
Ogygia, p. 24, but it came to denote a '' Magh Teamhrach This should be,
province in Ireland, from the fact that that <it Teamhair, as in the poem.
kingdom was anciently divided into five c Left-hand-wise cuaicbbeal, i. e.
great divisions. See Kcating's History of sinistrorsnm. See Toland's Critical Ilis-
Ireland, Ilaliday's edition, p. l^.'i-Mf). tory of the Celtic Religion, p. 14.", where
THE RESTRICTIONS AND PREROGATIVES
OF THE KINGS OF EIRE.
The restrictions and prohibitions of the king of Eire (Ireland), and of
the kings of the provinces* down here.
Seven are the " urgharta" (prohibitions) of the king of Eire, i.e.:
The sun to rise upon him on his bed in Magh Teamhrach'' ; to alight
on Wednesday in Magh Breagh ; to traverse Magh Cuillinn after sun-
set; to incite his horse at Fan-chomair; to go on Tuesday against
north Teabhtha (Teffia) ; to go in a ship upon the water the Monday
after Bealltaine (May-day) ; [to leave] the track of his army upon Ath
Maighne the Tuesday after Samliain (All-Hallows).
His seven " buadlia" (prerogatives):
The fish of the Boinn (Boyne) to eat; the deer of Luibneach; the
fruit of Manann (Mann); the heath-fruit of Brigh Leithe; the cresses
of the Brosnach ; the water of the well of Tlachtgha ; the venison of
Nas (Naas). On the calends of August all these things reached the
king of Tcamhair (Tara). The year in which he used to eat of these
was not reckoned as life spent, and he was wont to rout his enemies
before him on every side.
The five prohibitions of the king of Laighin (Leinstcr) bore, viz.:
To go I'ound Tuath Laighean left-hand-wise*^ on Wednesday ; to sleep
ho writes: " This sanctified tour, or round, land, p. 20. h\L\\c Leabfiur Brcac,M 12G,
by the south, is called Deiseal, as the uii- the word CUCtichbel is used as follows:
hallowed contrary one bv the north, 7'ua-
pholl (siniRtrorsum)." See also Martin's "Uaip ip piap boi ai?;eO Cpipr
Description of fbp Western Islands of Scot- in a cpoich .1. fpip in carpoij
B 2
4 ^eay^a a^uj' buaoha
icip Oochpa -] t)uiblmD i a cheant) pop a learh bpajaiD; popbaipi
nae cpach pop muijib Cualutro; imchecc ^iiain cap bealach
ii-Duiblinoi; each pulach peipeab'^ Dub pai cap ITIaj TTlaip-
cean.
Qceac a aoa imoppo:
nieapQlmaine; piao ^linbJ Seappaij; ol" ppi coinolib ciapcha i
n-t)ino-l^i5 op 6eapba; cuipm ChualanD; cluichi Capman.
Coic upjap-a p)j5 TTIiiman:
Ctippechc pia peip'^ Caca Cein do chaichim on 6uan co poili ;
peip aiochi poilcc Pogarhaip pia n-^eim il-Ceicpechaib; popbaip
nae epoch" pop Siuip; tDal choiccpichaip im ^abpan; opna6 ban
niuiji Petnin ja n-DochpaiOi Do epceacc do"'. ,
Q cuic buaoa .1.
Cpo6 Cpuachnai la jaipm chuach; lopcao ^aijean chuachja-
baip; coijeaDol chepca copjaip 1 Caipil'^; imcheacc Sleibi Cua
caeca'^ lap pib oepcepc Gpeno; ceacc co pluaj lechoDap Dia TTlaipc
cup TTIaj n-Qilbe.
Coic vipjapcu pij choiciD n-Oilneajmacc'^ anopo .1.
Cop im^" Chpuachain [lap piocain] Dia Samna; ceacl^c a m-bpuc
bpic pop eoch glap bpic 1 ppaech ^uchaiD J n-t)al Chaip; ceachr )
m-bannoail a Seajaip; puioi Pojamuip 1 peapcaib*' mna niaine ;
comluch^^ pia mapcach eich leich leachguiU in n-Qch ^allca^'
icip DO chleich.
Q choic buuDO .1.
QUao'^ jiall [a copac] a h-Oipbpean; pealj Slebi ^oja; lach-
a^pc" chopma cee 1 TlTuij TTIuipipce; eDiuo oaipbpi 6peici Dia bpuc
lap puachap na Upi l^op; oal choiccpichaip ppi cuachaib Ueam-
pach ic Qch Cuam-''; macan Ceacpamam i niaenilaaij ace r\a pa
oeicci pop tDapmaj^'.
lepupalem, -| ip paip boi aijeo to him was Depp [dea<;w«Mm], to Christ."
Conrini "| in ni po pu cuachbel •' Geim. — A part of the year among the
Dopum ip peD on po bo Depp do ancient Irish, comprising seven months.
Cpipc, i. e. For it is westwards Christ's See the Introduction,
face was [turned] on his cross, i.e., to- « Zew*, copgap. — Tliis, like the French
wards the city of Jerusalem; and it is ca?-w«e, anciently caresme, seems an abbre-
eastwards Longinus's face was [turned], viation of Qwctrfra^'esma, as is c incite p,
and what was cuarhbel [sinistrorst(iii~\ ^\'hitsuntide, of Quinquagesitiia. It is
l?(o5li 6i]ieaTin. 5
between tlie Dotliair (Dodder) and the Duibhlinn, with his head in-
clining to one side; to encamp for nine days on the plains of Cualann;
to travel the road of Duibhlinn on iNIonday ; to ride on a dirty, black-
heeled horse across Magh Maistcan.
These are his " adha" (prerogatives), viz. :
The fruit of Almhain ; the deer of Gleann Searraigh ; to drink Avith
wax candles at Dinn Kiogh over the Bearbha (Barrow); the ale of
Cualann ; the games of Carman.
The five prohibitions of the king of Mumha (Munster) :
To remain to enjoy the feast of Loch Lein from one Monday to
another; to feast by night in the beginning of harvest, before Geini'',
at Leitreacha; to encamp for nine days upon the Siuir; to hold a bor-
der meeting at Gabhraa ; to listen to the groans of the women of Magh
Feimhin when suffering violation.
His five prerogatives, i. e. :
The cattle of Cruachan at the singing of the cuckoo; to burn north
Laighin (Leinster) ; to keep the obligation of Lent^ at Caiseal (Cashel) ;
to pass over Sliabh Cua with [a band of] fifty after pacifying the south
of Eire; to go with a greyish host on Tuesday over ]\Iagh Ailbhe.
The five prohibitions of the king of the province of Oilneagmacht^
(Connaught) here:
To make a treaty respecting Cruachan after making peace on
Samhain's day ; to go in a speckled garment on a grey speckled steed
to the heath of Luchaid in Dal Chais ; to go to an assembly of women at
Seaghais; to sit in Autumn on the sepulchral mounds of the wife of
Maine ; to contend in running with the rider of a grey one-eyed horse
at Ath Gallta, between two posts.
His five prerogatives, i. e. :
To take hostages first from Oirbsean; the chase of Slial)h Lugha;
to drink hot ale in Magli jMuirisce; the clothing of the oak of Breice
with his cloak after a rout through the Tri Kosa; a border meeting at
Ath Luain (Athlonc) with the tribes of Teamhair; to be on Maen-nilmgh
<iu May morning, but so as that he goes not over upon Dar-mhagh.
nlso wiiUcii cop^ct)\ wliicli is not uiiliki- luoviiicc of Coiiiuulit, |M>s.siljlv tlio Nac-
1 lie Frciuli ('(/;■(. s-m*'. See ('onnat'.'- (llds- iiata- of I'lolcniipu.s. Sci O'Coikt, Dis-
sary, vorc Ciriti^ep. nrt. sec. xiii. ; Book ol Lcatiin, fol. '22\ :
' Oiliiniqmuihi was llio old name of the Ti{,'licarnadi. a<l A. f). .Vd.
6 ^eapa aguf buaoha
Coic upjapca pjj Ulao .i.
6achpaif T3aca Cme icip ojaib tDal n-Qpaioe ; ecpeacc pe lua-
tnain enjiall'* 6inDi Saileacb lap puineab n-jpeni^^; copouD peipi
pop peoil raipb tDaipi mic Oaipi^"; ceacc^' a mip TTlapca i muij
Choba; uipce 60 HemiD bo ol icip ba boipchi.
Q choic buaoa .1.
Cluicbi Cuailnje ppi cpob m-bapc; maipi [a pluaij] pop IDaij
rnuipcheriine ; cinopceaoal a pluaijib bo gpeap a h-6amain Dlaichi ;
pappacb" jiall co t)un Sobaipci ; b-uachap^* 6amna maici j, pep
puippi CO n-ibnu na ceopa ceac aiocbi pia n-bul cap coicpicb. ^uag
a puiji in n-Uipneacb cacb peachcmoo bliaban 1 op cupcbail a
inaib: -\ ip cuma olegap be cacb coiceab 1 n-Gpinb. Ro blijgpeab-
pom bin bo pij Ueamjiacb pep Uearhpacb bo beanarii lappin, no
bib peacbc pij Ceampacb pop Gpinb uili -| ip ano no cheanbaigoip
pij na coiceoD a puioi a n-Uipneacb; ba pi in cbam -| m ceanoacb
pm .1. buinoi niub no bio ma lairh cacba plachu inb Gpinb o'op
Deapj nop pacBao pm ma inab ola: ap in can no choimlibip na pij
pm pep Ueampacli no gleoip oala Gpinb co ceann peacbc m-bliaoan
cona puijlibip piacana peicheamnapanacoiceapcaco pin peipn-aili
lap peacbc m-blia6naib. Ip beriiin cpa do pijaib Gpenb bia peacb-
iiiallbip a n-jeapa 1 bia pacbabip a m-buaoa ni biab cuipel na
cupbpoo popaib ni chicpab ceibm na caniileacca na plaicb 1 ni buib-
bibip vipcbpa aimpipi pe nocbaio bliaoan". Hi olij bin cuaipc no
ceanbai^eacc in pili no m pai peancbaoa nacb piapapa aoa 1 upj-
apca na pij po.
? To pay for his seat at Uis7ieach This were celebrated annually on the first of
name is retained to the present day, which Slay. See Keating's account of Uisuoach,
is that of a hill, now iisually angliciz;Kl where it is added (in the -words of the
Usny hill, or Usnagh hill, parish of Killare, translation by Gratianus Lucius) " Census
barony of Ilathconrath, AVestmeatli. Ac- auteni, qid Regi Conaciag (ut cujus impe-
cording to Keating, Tuathal Teachtmhar, rio quondam Usnacha subjecta fiut) ex his
monarch of Ireland, in the first century, en- nimdinis provenerat, fuit, ut singnli d^-nastw
larged the boundaries of the ancient Midhe qui ad nunttlnas accccissent, ad eum equuni
(iMcath), by cutting off a portion of each cum paludamentis [eac 7 eappab]
of the provinces, and erecting a royal pa- conferret." See also O'Flaherty's Ociutjia,
lace on each. According to Iiiui, King part iii c. 56, ;inil the Ordnance map of
Tuathal erected a jialace, and established tiie parish of Killare, on Avhich ilie an-
fairs or pubhc marts at Uisneacli, in ciciit remains of tlie hill of Uisnoacli arc
the C'onna-.Iit portion of ]\I<ath, wliich shewn. For liiu, ov /rc'c 'mu Unrii.
Rtogli Gijiecmn. 7'
The five prohibitions of the king of Uladh (Ulster), i. e. :
The horse-fair of Rath Line, among the youths of Dal Araidhe ; to
listen to tlie fluttering of the flocks of birds of Linn Saileach after
sunset; to celebrate the feast of the flesh of the bull of Daire-mic-Daire ;
to go into Magh Cobha in the month of March ; to drink of the water
of Bo Neimhidh between two darknesses.
His five prerogatives, i. e. :
The games of Cuailgne with the assembly of the fleet; the mus-
tering of his_ army ou the plain of Muirtheimhne ; to commence his
liosting always from Eamhain Macha; to send his hostages to Dun
Sobhairce; " The terror of Eamhain Macha," i. e. to feast there for three
nights armed before passing over the border. To pay for his seat at
Uisneachs every seventh year on taking his place, and this is also the
right of every provincial king in Eire. After this these required of
the king,of Teamhair to make the feast of Teamhair'' ; the kings of the
provinces used to purchase their seats at Uisneach, and the purchase
and price they paid was this, i. e. the " hero's ring" of red gold which
each prince wore on his hand, which he used to leave in his drink-
ing seat; for when these kings had eaten of the feast of Teamhair,
the assemblies of Eire were dissolved for seven years, so that they
2)ronounced no decision on debts, debtors, or disputes, till the next
feast, after [the expiration of] seven years. It is certain to the kings
of Eire that if they avoid their " geasa" (restrictions), and obtain their
"buadha" (prerogatives), they shall meet no mischance or misfortune;
no epidemic or mortality shall occur in their reigns, and they shall not
experience the decay of age for the space of ninety years. The poet
or the learned historian who does not know the " adha" (preroga-
tives), and " urgharta" (prohibitions) of these kings, is not entitled to
visitation or to sale' [for his poetry].
'' The feast of Tnni peip Ueuril- <l'»'s iKit appt'jir to lj« lioriie out by any of
pach. This is traiislatfd " coniitia To I'"" ^''^' Lives of St. Patrick, tlio autli.iiti.'
inorensia," by Colgaii, Lyncli, CFlaliL-rty, ^''s'' annals, or the older inaniiscrii)( .k -
and others, but it is more truly rendered counts of Tsira. See Petrie's History and
"venu Tamrecli," by Tinhernacli, and tiic Antiquities of Tara IJill, pp. 68, 59. See
original compiler of tliu Annals of I'l.ster. "'^" Ke^iling's aeeount of the J'rix Titimh-
All the niotlern writers of the liistory of mc/i, as established by the monarch Tuathal
Inland assert tliat (lie Fiix Tnim/iK/ili 'IVachtinhar.
was (Tlebratcd every lliird year, but tiii. '»(/«•. ceHMOiTl^eUCC, liltu'ally. Irallii.
8 5^^r" «5^T t)uat)ha
De quibup Cuan Ua 6eochan, in pai, cecinic.
Q pip am laoap in c-each,
ip me m c-O Ceocban" laioeach ;
nom leic peachao ip ceach ceano
a puil aipbpij na h-Gipeano.
dp acum po jebchap do
eolup — na ba h-imapgo —
a peacbc n-a6a imaD m-bpij,
la peacbr n-upgapca aipopij.
Cejchap peacbc m-bua6a — cia beab?
DO pij Ueariipacb ; Dia coippeac
biD coipcbeacb oo in calam que,
bi6 cacb-bua6acb camgen-jlic.
h-i Calamo Qujuipc Do'n pij
DO poicbbip DO ay each cip :
meappab TTIanann monap n-jle;
acup ppaecbmeap 6pi5 ^eichi;
rtlilpao Naipi^'*; lapc &oinDi ;
bipap 6popnai6i baioi;
It alludes to the privilege wliich every "'ItwiUbenofiction,nahah-}ma\}'go,
true poet enjoyed of selling his own com- which has not been fabricated by me, but
positions. For a very curious reference to which has been handed down to me as
this custom see the Tripartite Life of St. tested by the experience of ages.
. Patrick, published by Colgan, lib. iii. c. 21, " The ready earth shall be fruitful — It
where it is stated that Dubhthach, chief poet was the belief among the ancient Irish,
of Lcinster, had sent his disciple Fiach to that when their kings acted in conformity
present some poems of his composition to -with the institutions of their ancestors,
the princes of that province. the seasons were favourable, and that
k Cuan O'Lochan See the introduc- the earth yielded its fruit in abundance ;
tion. but when they violated these laws, that
' JFho closest the house. — He addresses plague, famine, and inclemency of weather
the door-keeper of king Maelseachlainn ^ere the result. See Battle ofMagh Rath,
(Malachy) II., at his palace of Dun na p. 100-103.
sgiath (fort of the shields), near the north- ° M«n«nw,_This is the present Irish
west margin of Loch Aininn (Lough Ennel, name of the Isle of Mann, which seems to
near Mullingar, Wcstmcath). have anciently belonged to the monarch
Ri'o^li Gipeann. 9
Concerning which things Cuan O'Lochan'' the sage, thus sang : J~fO 2M-
O noble man who closest the house',
I am the O'Lochan of the poems,
Let me pass by thee into the powerful house,
In which is the monarch of Eire.
AVith me will be found for him
The knowledge — it will be no fiction™ —
Of his seven prerogatives of many virtues,
With the seven prohibitions of a monarch.
Let the seven prerogatives be read — what harm ?
For the king of Teamhair ; if he observe them
The ready earth shall be fruitful" for him,
He shall be victorious in battle, wise of counsel.
On the calends of August, to the king
Were brovight from each respective district,
The fruits of Manann°, a fine present;
And the heath-fruit of Brigh LeitheP ;
The venison of Nas'' ; the fish of the Boinn"";
The cresses of the kindly Brosnach* ;
of Ireland; but there were many places in am or ppaocoja, not the berries of
Ireland so called, so that it is not abso- the heath, but bilberries or whortleberries,
lately certain that it is the Isle of Mann Some of the old Irish suppose that this,
that is here referred to. and not the heath, is the shrub from which
P Briyh Z-etMe.— This Wiis the ancient the Danes brewed a kind of beer.
name of Sliabh Calraighe (Slieve Golry), n Naas, in Kildare, where the kings of
situated to the west of the village of Ard- Leinster had a residence till the tenth cen-
achadh (Ardagh, in Longford), as we learn tury, the site of which \i still pointed out.
from the Life of B^jshop Macl, (Mel) G Feb. ■■ Boyne. — This well-known river has ils
where it is stated that Bri Leith is situa- source in Trinity well, at the foot of a hill
t«d between Mael's church of Ard-achadh, anciently called Sidh Ncachtain, Bar. Car-
and the nunnerj' of Druimcheo, the for- bury, Kildare. It was the chief river of
mcr lying on the east, and the latter on the Irish monarch's territory of Jleatli, and
the west side of it. Colgan, Acta SS. Ilib. vas always celebrated for its salmon.
261. col. 2, cap. ix., sub fine. Possibly ' Brosna, a well-known river which
the fruit of the heath, ppuecriiecip, rises at Bunbrosna, Wcstmcatli, and passes
hcrcri fin( (ltd, is wlint willow call pjHioc- through Loch Uair ((hvcl), Loch Ainiun
10
Uifci cobaip Cluccgu be'";
Qcup piao luac ^vnbnibe.
Cejrhap peachc n-jepi — ni juo,
bo pij Ueampach ; bia coippeub
DO paipci piUeab'5 cara
acup abjciU apbpacha*:
Slichc pluaig in Hlaipc lap Saniuin
oap Qc rriaigne beapmajaip;
bpuineach ap beachpa bpome
ip in ^uan lap m-6ellcaine ;
niaipc inp, ni bli5 plaich peipc,
1 Ueadipa*" cuar juipni chuaipcepr:
imcheacc lap puinneab n-jpeni
TTIuiji Callainb^' cpuaib plebe
Uaipplim Ceacaine — ni ceal,
ni bip bo pop opuimnib Speaj;
(Ennt'll), to the Shannon, a short distance
to the north of the town of Banagher.
' Tlachtgha This was the ancient
nauae of the hill now called the Hill of
Ward, which is situated near the town of
Athboy, Meath. According to a vellum MS.
preserved in the Library of Trinity Col-
lege, Dublin, H. 3, 17, p. 732, the hill of
Tlachtgha is situated in that part of ancient
Meath which originally belonged to jMun-
ster, and in the territory of Ui Laeghaire,
which, since the establishment of sur-
names was the patrimonial inlieritance of the
family of the O'Cainnealbhains, now Quin-
lans, the descendants of Laeghaire, the last
Pagan monarch of Ireland. There is a
remarkable eaithen fort on tlie hill, said to
have been originally erected by the mo-
narch Tuathal Teachtmhar, towards the
middle ol' the second ccntiuv, where the
Druids lighted their sacred tires on the
eve of Samhain (All- Hallows). The well
referred to in the text is at the foot of the
hill, but not now remarkable for any sa-
cred characteristics.
" Luibiieach. — This name is no^v ob-
solete. It was applied to a, place on the
borders of ancient Meath and Munster. See
the Book of Leacan, fol. 2()0, b.
" Sunihaiu. — This is still the name for
All-hallow tide, or 1st of November. It is
explained by O'Clery as conipouiidcd of
parh-pum, i. e. the end of Smnmer.
" At/i Maighne Tliis was the ancient
name of a ford on the river Eitlme (Inny),
jiarish of Mayne, Bar. Fore, Westnieath, a
i^Iiort distance to the west of the town of
Castlepollard. It is mentioned in the An-
notations of Tirechan in the Boole of Ar-
magh, as on the boundarv between norlh
Riogli 6i|ieanTi.
11
The water of the Avell of Tlachtgha' too;
Aud the swift deer of Luibneach".
Let his seven restrictions be read, — no reproach,
To the king of Teamhair; if he observe them
It Avill guard against treachery in battle,
And the pollution of his high attributes.
The track of an army, on the Tuesday after Sandiain^,
Across Ath Maighue"', of fair salmons;
To put ship on the water of the ships
(.'n the Monday after Bealltaine;
On Tuesday a true king ought not at all to go
Into the dark country of north Teabhtha" ;
Or traverse, after the setting of the sun,
Magh Callainuv of the hard mouutaiu ;
'IV) alight on Wednesday — I will not conceal it —
It is not hnvful for him, on the hills of Breagh'';
ami Muith Tiiflia.
" Nurt/i Teahhtha — In the fifth century
this name was applied to the region extend-
ing from the riv^er Eithne (Inny) to Slialih
Chairbre, a wild blue nKiuntain<iu.s district
on the nortliern bouislary of tl)e present
county of Longford ; in later ages tliis terri-
tory was usually called Anghaile (Annaly).
The apparent reason that tlie monarcli was
jiroliibited from entering this territory was,
because Cairbre, the brother of the monarch
Laeghaire, and tins his territory of North
Tcllia, were cursed [on Tuesday] Ijy St. Pa-
trick.
> In the prose it is called Magh Cnil-
liini. Tins would be anglicized Moyculicn.
It is (bllicull to ilccide wliat plain I Ids was,
as there is more than one place of th<' name
in Ireland.
' Ihiitfjh This is usually calli d M.il:!i
(the plain of) Breagli, and Latini/.oil Bre-
ffiu. It was tiie nauie of a plain in the
eastern pai't of the ancient Meath, comitris-
ing, according to Keating and others, live
triocha-eheds or baronies. In latter ages,
as appeai-3 from the places mentioned as in
this plain, it would seem that it Wiis the
countr}- lying between Dublin and Drogh-
eda, or bet\veen the river Lilfey and the
lloyne, but its e.\act boundaries are not de-
iined in any of oiu: authorities. Mageogh-
egan states, in his translation of the An-
nals of Clonmaenoise, at tlie year 778, tliat
.Moy Brey extended from Dublin to Bea-
lach Breck, west of Kells, and from Ibc liill
of Ilciw th to the UKiuidain of Slieve l''u;dd
in ri,--tcr. Diuiiniti Unayh, wiiich mc.-uis
ilDrfii f>'rr)/i((; woidd apjx'ar to I'c the name
of a billy part of this territory. In IMai
l'irlii-.ij^bV (ienealogi<uI work (]Mar'|iii> ot
12
^eapa ajuf buaolia
5pian paip o'epji i Ueurhaip choip;
plai6e a each''* i Pan-chomaip.
Cuan h-Ua Ceochan co li^'
^aijin co[a]pi maG Dia pi,
ni chelpa^^ paip a aba
naiD a jeapa jopm-jlana :
^eip oo cuaipc, pia n-bul pop eeal,
pop cuar Caijean pop cuaic-bel;
jep DO coUa6 claine cino
icip tDorpa acup Ouiblino;
^eip bo popbaip — peajchap ano,
nae cpach pop muijib Cualanb;
Drogheda's copy), p. 172, Eath ochtair
Cuiliiin is placed i n-OpuiTTinib bpedj.
=* The sun to rise upon him — This je ip,
or forbidden thing, is not unlike the so-
lemn injunction laid by Mahomet on his
successors, that they should be at prayer
befoi-e the rising of the sun.
^ Comar There are countless places of
this name in Ireland, which means the con-
fluence of rivers. Perhaps the place here
alluded to is the place called Comar near
Clonard, in the south-west of the county of
East Meath. Fan-chomair is the slope or
declivity of the Comar.
'^ Before going to heaven^ i. e. while alive
in this world. This expression is often used
in old Irish writings, as is also gup ciun
CO ciap ap ceal, which means, serus
in ccelum redeas, or mayest thou live
long, an expression ev-idently translated
by the Irish from the classical writers.
See Ilorat. Lib. i. Od. ii., Ovid. lib. xv.
lin. 8(J8, Tarda sit ilia dies, kc, and
Cormac's Glossary, voce Ceal.
'' Tuatli Laighean, the north of Laighin
or Leinster.
• Left-hand-wisi. — In Lcahhar na h-
Uidhri, folio 59 (now folio 40), a. a,
ruairoiL is used to denote northward, or
to the left ; north and left are synonymous
in Irish. See above, p. 2, note •=.
f Dothair (fem.) Dothra This is the
ancient Irish form of the name of the river
Dodder, in the county of Dublin. The
church of Achadh Finiche is described in
the Feilire jEnguis, at 11th of May, and
in the Irish calendar of the O'Clerys, as on
the brink of the Dothair, in the territory
of Ui Dunchadha, in Leinster — pop Bpu
t)ocpa 1 n-Uib*t)unchaDa.
s Diiibhlinn. — This was the ancient
name of that part of the river Life (LifFey)
on which the city of Dublin stands. It
is explained iiigrce t her ma: by the author of
the Life of St. Coemhghin (Kevin) ; so, Col-
gan, " Pars enim Liffei fluminis, in cujus
ripa est ipsa civitas, Hibemis olim vocaba-
tur Dubh-linn, i.e. nigricans alveus sive
profundus alveus." — Trias Thaiim., p. 112,
n. 71. The city was and is called Atli
Cliath, Ath Cliath Duibhlinne, and Baile
Atha Cliiith, a name shortened into Blea
Cliath. Tlie above prohibition may have
owed its origin to tlic fact of some king
Pfogh 6i|ieann.
13
The sun to rise iipon him east at Teamhair* •
Or to incite his horse at Fan-chomair''.
Ciian O'Lochan am I, of fame.
Should I reach the king of Laighin,
I shall not conceal from him his prerogatives,
Nor his clearly-defined prohibitions.
'Tis prohibited to him to go round, before going to heaven*^,
Over north Laighin*^, left-hand-wise^;
'Tis prohibited to him to sleep Avith head inclined
Between the Dothair^ and the DuibhlinnS ;
It is prohibited to him to encamp, let it be minded,
For nine days on the plains of Cuaknn'' ;
of Leinster ha's-iiig been found dead in his
Ijed in the district, \nth his neck crooked.
'• Cualann The situation and extent of
this territoiy have Iwen strangely mistaken
by modern Irish writers. But we have
evidences wliich will leave no doubt as to
its exact situation, for in the Feilire JEn-
fn'is the churches of Tigh Conaill, Tigh
niic Diramai, and Dun mor, are placed in
Cualann. And in an inquisition taken at
Wicklow on the 21st of April, 163G, the
limits of Fercoulen, ;. e. Feara Cualann,
are defined as follows :
" The said Tirlagh O'Toole humbly de-
sireth of his Majestic to have a certain t«r-
ritorj' of land called Fercoulen, wliich his
ancestors liad till they were cxpulscd by
the earls of Kildarc. That the said terri-
tory containeth in length from Bamecullen,
by east and south, and (Jlassyn[. . .]kie to
Pollcallon b_y west the wind gates, viz., five
miles in length and four in l)rcadtii, being
the more part mountaines, woods, and rocks,
andtheofher [)arte good fertile laiuls. Witiiiu
the Buid territt)ry were certiiin villages and
craggs [^recie creaglifs] of old tyuie, being
now all desolate excepte onely Powerscourt,
Killcollin, Beanaghebegge, Benaghmor, the
Onenaghe, Ballj'cortie,Templeregan, Kilta-
garrane, Cokiston, Ancre\vj-n, Killmolliuky,
Ballynbrowne, Killeger, and the Mainster."
From this description of the territory of
the Feara Cualann it is quite e%ident that
it was then considered as coextensive with
the half barony of Kathdown, in the north
of the county of Wicklow, and adjoining
the county of Dublin. Harris, in his edi-
tion f)f Ware's work, vol. u. p. 48, places
this territory several miles out of its proper
locality, for he describes it as "a territory
in the east and maritime part of the coimty
of Wicklow, comprehending the north parts
of the barony of Arcklow, and the soutli
of the barony of Newcastle." But Usshcr,
in whose time the name was still in use,
places the river of Bray and Old Court in
Cridi Cualann \_I'rini<)r<lia, p. 8-lG], in
which it will be observed that he is per
fcctly borne out by the petition sot forth
in the inquisition above quoted, which was
taken about the same time thai he was
writing his I'rimur.Hu.
14
^eafa ajuy^ buabha
gep 00 Dul pe fluaj malle
Cuan cap 6elach n-tDuiblinoi ;
^ep bo ap niuij ITIaipcean oamub^'^
pai each palac peipeao**' 6iiB:
oceac pin — ni oenano pean,
coic upjapca P15 f-aigean''^.
f,oech 5a puileao cuic a6a
pij ^aijean lip Cabpaba:
meap Qlmaine 00 '5a chij^;
aciip pia6 ^linbi Seappaij;
01 ppi coinblib ciappra cai6
a n-[t)]inD-Ri5 Do'n pij po jnaich,
plan cpach cpiach cuainanb DniDpa)n;
cuipm Chualann; cluichi Capmum.
Caippiul na pij^ paen in paich
acaic cuic buaba bia plaich;
' Bealach Duibhlinne The road or pass
of the Duibhlinn. See p. 12, note S.
J The plain of Maistin, i. e. the plain
around the hill of Maistin, or, as it is
generally called, Mullaghmast, parish of
Naraghmore, and about five miles east of
the to%vn of Athy, in Kildare. For some
curious notices of events wliich occurred at
this place, the reader is referred to Keat-
ing's History of Ireland, reigns of Cormac
Mac Art, and Brian Borumha; Annals of
the Four Masters, at the year 1577, and
Philip O'Sullivan Beare's History of the
Irish Catholics, io\. 86.
^ The fort ofLabhraidh, i. e. of Labh-
raidh Loingseach, monarch of Ireland of
the Lagenian race, A. M., 3682, for some
stories about whom the reader is referred to
Keating's History of Ireland, and O'Fla-
liprtj's Opj/fjia, part ill. c. .T9. His fort
was Dinn Riogh, vide infra, note °.
' Almhain (Allen), a celebrated hill in
the county of Kildare, situated about tive
miles to the north of the tovm of Kildare.
'" Gleann Seai-raigh, i. e. the glen of the
foal. The situation of this glen is unknown
to the Editor.
" Wax candles This is a curious re-
ference, as it would appear that the kings
of Leinster did not reside at Dimi Riogh
since the period of the introduction of Chris-
tianity.
" Dinn Riogh, i. e. the hill of the kings.
This is the most ancient palace of the kings
of Leinster. Keating describes Dinn Riogh as
"ap bpuac 6eapba ibiji Cheac-
aplac 1 6eic^lmn, bo'n leic riap
bo'n 6heapba, i. e. on the brink of the
Barrow, between Carlow and Xeigiilin, on
the west side of the Barrow ;" Koating's
l?i'o5li Gijieann.
1')
'Tis prohibited to liini to go with a host
On iNIoiiday over the Bealach Duibhlinno' ;
It is prohibited to him on^Magh Maisteani, on any aoconnt.
To ride on a dirty, black-heeled horse : ,
These are — he shall not do them —
The five things prohibited to the king of Laighin.
A hero who possesses five prerogatives.
Is the king of Laighin of the fort of Labhraidh'' :
The fruit of Almhain' [to be brought] to him to his house ;
And the deer of Gleann Searraigh*" ;
To drink by [the light of] fair wax candles"
At Din Riogh° is very customary to the king,
Safe too is the chief of Tuaim in that [custom] ;
The ale of CualannP ; the games of Carman''.
Caiseal of the kings, of great prosperity,
Its prince has five prerogatives:
I list. Ireland, Ilaliday's edition, preface,
11. 42. Tliis place is still well known. It
is situated in the to%vnland of Ballyknockan
about a fiuartcr of a mile to the .south of
Li'iglilin Bridge, to the west of the Kivor
Barrow. Nothing remains of the palace
liiit a moat, measuring two hundred and
thirty-seven yards in circumference at the
h;i.<e, sixty-nine feet in height from the level
of the river Barrow, and one hundred and
thirty-five feet in diameter at the top, where
it |)resents a level surface, on which the
king of lycinster's royal house evidently stood.
In a fragment of the Annals of Tigher-
nach preserved in the Bodleian IJbrary at
Oxford, Rawlinson, 502, fol. 1. b. col. 1.
the following passage occurs relative to llic
burning of this pal.ice:
" Cobrcjch Coelhpe^ mac U^-
nuu' moip DO lopciio CO rpichac
pij5 imme i n-t)inDpij; nictije
Qilbe hi bpuom Cuama Cen-
bach painpuo, la Cabpaio r,oin^-
pech .1. nioen mac Qilella Qine
mic ^oejaipe ^.uipc mic lljaine
moip 1 n-Dij^ail a arap -\ a penarap
po mapb Cobcach Coel. CocoG 6
pern etcip f.ai^nui -\ ler Cmno."
"C'obhthachCaclbreagh, thosoudfrgainc
Mor, was burned together with thirty kings
about him at Dinn Kiogh of jMngh Aillihe,
in the palace of Tuaim Teanbath, by Labh-
raidh Loingseach, i. e. Jlaen, the son of
Aileall Aine, son of Laeghaire Lore, son of
Ugaine Mor, in revenge of his father and
grandfather, whom Cobhthach C'ml had
slain. A war arose from this between
Lcinster and Ix-atli Chiiinii."
1' Cuulann See p. 13, note '', supra.
1 Carman This was the n.uiic of the
U)
5eafa ajup buat)ha
cpoo Cpuachna cui co conjaip;
lopcao Caijjn cuachgabaip;
Caeca rap Sliab Cua nft ceano
lap pichchain oepcepr Gpeno;
imcheacc maiji — maich in moo,
Qilbe pe pluaj leachooap;
^eabaij i Caipiul lap pcip
CO ceanb caecaipi ap mip*^
cacha bliaona pop — na ceil,
aciao buaoa pij Caipil.
Rij Caipil, — ip cpao oia cheill
aippeachc pe pep Caca Cein —
o'n Cuan co poili a caichirii —
ip copac Dia ciujlaichiB^^:
^eip 00 aibchi poilc pia n-^eim
Pojarhaip il-Ceicpeacbaib ;
popbaip nae cpach pop Siuip puain;
oal clioicpichaip im ^abpuain ;
site now occupied by the town of Wexford.
It appears from the Irish work called Dinn
Seanchiis, that the kings of Leinster cele-
brated fairs, games, and sports at this place
from a very early period.
*■ The cattle of Cruachan This ob-
viously means that it would be a lucky or
success-insuring thing for the king of
Caiseal to plunder the plain of Rath Crua-
chan, and carry off the cattle of the king
of Connacht within the period during
which the cuckoo sings. The Editor has
not met anytliing to throw any light on the
origin of this extraordinary injunction.
' The northern Leinster, i. e. Wicklow,
Kildare, south Dublin, &c., and part of the
King's County. Meath, north Dublin, &c.
were not considered part of Leinster at this
period.
' Sliahh Cua — This was the ancient
name of the movmtain now called Cnoc
Maeldomhnaigh, situated to the south of
Clonmel in the comity of Waterford. The
name is still preserved, but pronounced
Sliabh Gua, and now popularly applied to
a district in the parish of Seskinan, in the
barony of Decies without Drum, lying be-
tween Dungarvan and Clonmel.
" The plain of Ailbhe, Tllaj^ Qllbe.
This was the name of an extensive plain in
Leinster, extending from the river Barrow
and Sliabh Mairge, to the foot of the Wick-
low mountains. From the places mention-
ed in the Irish authorities as situated in this
plain, it is quite evident that it comprised
the northern part of the barony of Idrone,
in the coimty of Carlow, and the baronies of
Kilkea and Moone, in the county of Kil-
Riogh Gipeann.
17
The cattle of Cruachan'', when the cuckoo sings ;
The burning of northern Laighiu*;
By fifty attended o'er Sliabli Cua' to pass
After tlie pacification of tlie south of Eire;
To cross tlie plain, in goodly mode,
Of Ailbhe", with a light-grey host ;
A bed in Caiseal'', after fatigue
To the end of a fortnight and a month
Each year, moreover, — do not conceal it.
Such are the prerogatives of the king of Caiseal.
The king of Caiseal — it will embitter his feeling
To wait for the feast of Loch Lein"' —
To stay from one Monday to another to enjoy it —
It is the beginning of his last days ;
'Tis prohibited to him [to pass] a night in beginning of harvest
Before Geim'^ at Leitreacha" ;
To encamp for nine days on the silent Siuir";
To hold a border nieetinor at Gabhran*;
dare. The situation of this plain is thus
described by Ussher : "Campus ad rijiam
fhivii quern Ptolenieus Birguni, nos \'>ar-
row vocanius, noii procul a monte Margeo
po.^itus." — Primordia, pp. 936, 937. Tlie
author of the Irish poem callod Lani na
Lcacht, describing tlic niniiuments of I^ein-
8ter, asks e.\ultingl3-, " Where is there in
anj- province of Ireland a plain like Magh
Ailbhe V"
* A bed at Cashel, i. e. wherever tlio
king of Munster may have his palace, it is
absolutely necessary to his prospcritj- ami
good luck, that he should sleep at C'a.'^hel
for si.\ weeks every year.
"■ Locli Lein. — 'This is still the name
of the Lake of Killaniey, in the county
of Korrj'.
" f -'ft III, SCO p. 4, note ''.
y Latterayh is a parish in Lower Or-
niond, Tipperarj'.
' .S'«(>. — This celebrated river, ■which lias
its source in Sliabh Ailduin, (the Devil's
liit mountain,) in the county of Tipperary,
unites with the Barrow and the sea about
one mile lielow Watcrfurd.
» Gahhran (Gowran), in Kilkenny
According to Keating, the territory of Or-
mond extended as far as this jilace, ^ut
this cannot be considered as its boundary
for tlie last thousand jears, for then the
greater part of Ossory would belong tA
Mimster; but this we cannot believe on the
autliorily of Keating, as Ossory is described
in the oldest Lives of St. Patrick as the
western portion of I^instcr, " Occidentali.^
Laginensiimi plaga." See Fs.sher's Prinidr-
ili<i. pp. ftfi.5, OdO. But it would aj.]-.ear
C
18
^eapa agiif 6iiat)ha
]p jep tjo cloipceachc lap pin
ppi h-opna6aij ban Peimni
ica n-DoclipaiDi na m-ban:
inoD gepi pij TTIuriian.
rriapaiD punt) — ni puaill m pmachr,
bua6a ip jeapa pij Conbachc:
pij Conoachc-,— cia nach cuala ?
ni bill cean bich buaba, -
6ua)6 ba bimbaib pe*" each m-buaio,
allao*' jiall a h-Oipbpin puaip;
pealg Slebi 605a male ;
larhaipc chopma 1 ITlujj TTIuipppce ;
niaich DO puachap na Cpi T^op
D'pacbail a bpuic ac 6eapnop
tm baipbpi m-6peici m-buabach
ip in ruaipceapc rpean cpuaoac;
tDal choicpichaip im Qch 6uain
ppi cuachaib Uearhpach cuach chluam;
that the kings of Munster claimed jurisdic-
tion over Ossory as far as Gowran, while
the Ossorians, on the other hand, in right
of the conquest of Magh Feimhin, made by
their ancestor ^ngus Osraigheach, con-
tended that their country of Osraighe
should comprise all the lands extending
from the river Siuir to the Bearbha, and
from the mountains of Sliabh Bladhma to
the meeting of the Three AVaters, in Water-
ford harbour. But tliis claim was never
established ; for the territory does not ap-
pear to have comprised more than the pre-
sent diocese of Ossory since the time of St.
Patrick. See Keating, reign of Cormac
Mac Airt.
*» Feimhin, more generally called Magh-
Feimhin, was the ancient name of a plain
comprising that portion of the present
comity of Tipperary which belongs to the
diocese of Lismore. It is described as ex-
tending from the river Siuir northwards to
Corca Eathrach, otherwise called Machaire
Chaisil, from which it is evident that it
comprised the whole of the barony of IfFa
and Offa east. See Colgan's Trias Thaum.
p. 201 ; Keating's History of Ireland, reign
of Cormac Mac Airt ; and Laiiigan's Eccles.
History of Ireland, vol. i. p. 282.
<^ Oirbsean, i. e., to take the hostages of
the Ui Briuin Seola, and other tribes seat-
ed around Loch Oirbsean (Lough Cori'ib
in the county of Galway).
•1 Sliabh Logha, more usually called
Sliabh Lugha, a well-known mountain-
ous territory in the county of Mayo, com-
Ri'oj;b Gipeann. 19
'Tis prohibited to him, aftei' this, to listen
To the moans of the women of Feimhin''
[Arising] from the violation of those women:
Such are the prohibitions of the king of Mumha.
Here are — not trifling the regulation.
The prerogatives and prohibitions of the king of Connacht:
The king of Connacht, who has not heard of him ?
He is not a hero without perpetual prerogatives.
One of his prerogatives, which is before every prerogative,
The taking of the hostages of the chilly Oirbsean*" ;
The hunting of Sliabh Lugha"* also ;
The drinking of the fresh ale of Magh Muirisce* ;
Good for him the rout of the Tri Rosa^ , [and]
To leave his cloak at Bearnas^
Around the victorious oak of Breice'*
In the strong, hardy north ;
To hold a border meeting at Ath Luain'
With the states of Teamhair of the grassy districts;
prising that part of the barony of Costello kilcash, Dunheakin, Dunneill, and Bally-
which belongs to the diocese of Achonrj', eskeen. It is difficult to decide which of
viz., tlie parishes of Kilkelh^ Kilmovee, Kil- these plains is the one referred to in the text.
leagh, Kilcolman, and Castlemore-Costello. ^ The three Rosses It is difficult tode-
* Muirisc, i. e. Sea plain. — There is a cide what Rosses are here referred to, but
narrow plain of this name situated between the editor is of opinion that they are, either
the mountain of Cniach Phadraig (Croagh- tlie district so caUed in the north, or that in
Patrick) and Cuan Modh (Clew Bay), in the west of the county of Donegal.
the west of the county of Mayo. It also ^ Bearnas Tliis is evidently the r«-
became the name of a small abbey situated markablc gapped mountain called Barnis-
in this plain, on the margin of the bay, more, and locally Bearnas, in the barony of
from which the barony of Murrisk received Tirhugli and county of Donegal.'
its name. This name was also applied to '' The nak of Breice The editor has
a district in the barony of Tir Fhiachracjj^ discovered no other notice of this lucky tree.
(Tireragli) and%)unty of Sligo, extending ' /itk Luain (Athlone), a ford on the
from the river Ka.Kkey to Dunnucoy, and Shannon, from wliidi the towi of Athlone
comprising the to wulands of Hos.slee, Cloon- has taken its name. Tlic ford is on the
nagleavragh, Altenian, Dunaltan, Bally- boundary between Connanght and Meatb.
c 2
20
5ec(pa aguf buaoba
maicean Ceireamon ceac m-blaS
a maen-ma^, na pij t)ap-baD,
Qcajc up^apca Do'n pij^
Conoachr, cojineab cirip*'-:
cop im Chpuachain Dia Samnn
ni h-a6a, ace ip eacapbu ;
Imchup pe mapcach eich leirh
a n-Qrh ^allca icip oa chleirh ;
banoal pop Seajaip co pe ;
pai ji J peapcaib mna maine ;
Cf m-bpuc bpic ni ciapcap leip
a ppaech 6uchaic in n-t)ail Chaip:
aciac pin ciap in each can
cuic upjapca pij Cpuachan.
Cluineao pi^ Lllab" aoa
Dopom pe nieap do pala*^ :
cluichi CuQiljne cpo6 m-bapc m-beo;
mapi pluaij a rnuipdieriineo;
J Mam-magh, a celebrated jilaiii in the
jiresent county of Gahvay, comprising the
Like and town of Loughrea, the townhinds
of Mayode and Finnure, and all the cliam-
paign conntry around Loughrea. See Tribes
and Cvstoms of the Ui Maine, p. 70, note ',
and p. 130.
I* Dar-mh agh — Th i s is probably the place
sometimes called Darhybrian, in tlie moun-
tain of Sliabli FA'htghe, on the southern
boundary of the plain of j\Iaen-magh.
' Cruachan — This was the name of the
ancient palace of the kings of Connauglit,
situated near Belanagare, in the county of
Iloscommon. The place is now called
Rathcroghaii, and contains the remains of
several earthen forts.
■>' Aih Gallta This place was in Ui
Maine, but the editor has not been able to
identify it with any name now in existence.
" Seaghais. — This was the ancient name
of the mountainous district now called
Coirr-shliabh, or the Curlieu moimtains,
situated on the borders of the counties of
Roscommon and Sligo.
" Fearia-mna- Maine, i. e. the grave of
the wife of Maine. Tliis moninnent is un-
known to the editor, unless it l)e the place
called Tuaim mna, i. e. the tumulus of the
woman, now anglicized Toonma, and situ-
ated on the river Boyle, in the barony of
Boyle, and county of Roscommon.
I' Liic/iuid. — Tiiis place still retains its
ancient name among those wlio speak Irish,
but it is anglicized Lowlii*. It is situated
near tlie liamlet of Toberreendonej^ in the
barony of Incliiquin and county of Clare,
and near the boundarv of the baronv of
T^fojli 6i|iearm.
21
On May morning, ot" first flowers,
To visit Macn-maghJ, but touch not Dar-mluigh'*.
These are things prohibited to the king
Of Connacht — let liim observe them in his country ;
To form a treaty concerning Cruachan' on Samhain's day
Is not prosperity, but it is misfortune;
To contend with the rider of a grey horse
At Ath Gallta™, between two posts;
A meeting of women at Seaghais" at all ;
To sit on the sepulchre of the Avife of Maine" ;
In a speckled cloak let him not go
To the heath of LiichaidP in Dal Chais:
These are at every time, in the west,
The five prohibitions of the king of Cruachan.
Let the king of Uladh^ hear his prerogatives,
To him with honour they were given :
The games of Cuailgne"^, [and] the assembling of his swift Jk-et ;
The mustering of his host in Muirthemhne* ;
Kiltartan, in the county of Gahvay. Keat-
ing,— in the reign of Diarmaid Mac Fear-
ghuis'i Ceirbheoil, — describes the country of
the Dal Cai", wliich was originally a part
of Connaclit, as extending from 15earn tii
C'arbad to IJealaeh na Luchaide, and from
Ath na Boruniha (at Killaloe) to Leim Cou-
chulainn (I.i0ophcad),
n Cfuelfi, i. e. Ul>ter.
' Cuailyne Tliis name is still jirc-
served, but corrupted toCuailglie, in Irish,
and anglicized Cooloy. It is applied to a
mountainous district in the barony of I>ower
Dundulk, in the county of Louth. In an
Irish stoiy, entitled, Turuitlhrar/it (iru-
uidhr (jridn-sholuis, written by a luitivc
of tills district, tiie wcll-knovn mountains
of Sliabh I'idliit and Sliabii Feadiia, are
'listinctly mentioned as two of these Cii-
ailgiie momitains, and the district is thus
described: "Ip amlcnb cicu ut) cip
pin na pui6e .1. an uioBeip ciiui-
ceuc cubpac capuoioenc -| tm
pul-riiinp pioblac pulbopb fip
ruob 01 -| pleibce apoci cimbpeucn
up-aoibne lun Go pporaib pionn-
cubpaca piop-uipce, -| 00 j^leann-
rtiib cairneamaco caob-uuine, 1
DO coiUcib nnin-cunTi)xicu, coiii-
cocpomci ap un cuob eili 61." —
" This district is thus situated : the noisy,
froatliy, wailing sea, and the flowing tierce
brine on one side of it, and lofty towering
<ie!iglitful mountains, full of white-foaming
piire-wMliicd streams, of delightful green-
sided valleys, and of sniootii-skirtcd waving
woods on the other side."
» Miiirl/irimhnf. — 'liiis territory ifini-
22
^eajo a^u]' biictolm
"Cinopceubul j^uai^io co )^e
DO 5peap a h-6arhain ITIaichi;
poppach jiall — ip cian po clop,
CO t)un SoBaipci poktpj
SeoiD ap cupcbail a mam
a n-Uipneach ITltbi mijiD"
in cac peachcmao*'' bliaoan bain
ua6 00 pjj Llipni^ imlain^''^
Qcaic upjapca ana
GO pij*^ Ula6 imoana:
ecpaip*^ [ille] Rara 6ine^''
icip ocaib Qpaioe;
Gicpeachc pe luamain enjiall^'
Cinbi Saileach Dia pum jpmn ;
prised that part of the present couuty of
Louth, extenduig from the Ciiailgne (Coo-
ley) moimtams to the river Boj'iie. Dun-
dalk, Louth, Drumiiiisklm, now Dnimiskin,
Faugliard, and Monasterboice are men-
tioned as in this territoiy. See Annals of
Tighemach ad ann. 1002. — Ussher's Pri-
mordia, pp. 627, 705, 827, 902. This ter-
ritory was also called Machabe Oii'ghiall,
as being the level portion of the extensive
country of Oirghiall, and the ancient inha-
bitants were called Conaille Muirtheimhne.
' Eamhain Maichi, more usually wi'it-
ten Eamhain Macha. This was the name
of the ancient palace of the kings of Ulster,
fi'om the period of Ciombaeth, its foimder,
who flourished, according to the accurate
annaUst, Tighernach, about three hundi'ed
years before Christ, till A, D. 332, when
it was destroyed by the three Collas, the
ancestors of the people called Oirgiiialla
(Oriels). From this period it remained
without a house till the year 1387, when
Niall O'Neill, presumptive king of LUster,
erected a house witliiu it for the entertain-
ment of the literati of Ireland. Colgan,
who does not appear to have ever seen this
plac«, describes the state of the nuns of
the Ultonian palace as follows, in 1647:
" Emania prope Ardmacham, nunc fossis
latis vestigiis miu-orum eminentibus, et
ruderibus, pristinum redolens splendorem."
— Trias Tkaum. p. 6. See also O'Flaher-
ty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 36.
Dr.Lanigan, in his Ecclesiastical History
of Ireland, vol. i. p. 314, note 135, writes:
" The gi-owth of Ai-magh contributed to its
downfall." But this observation is quite
imtenable, as Emania had been deserted
for a whole centmy before Armagh was
founded. The ruins of Eamhain, or, as it
is now corruptly called,, the Navan fort,
are to be seen about two miles to the west
of Armagh, to the right of the road as you
go from Armagh to l^inard or Caledou.
They are well described by Dr. Stuart in
his Historical Memoirs of Armagh, pp. 578,
579.
Riojli 6i|ieann.
23
The commencement of his hosting, also,
Always at Eamhain Macha' ;
The confinement of his hostages — of old 'twas heard,
At Dun Sobhairce" the bright ;
A rich gift on taking his place
At Uisneach^ of Meath of the mead,
In every seventh goodly year.
To be given by him to the rightful king of Uisneach.
There are noble prohibitions
To the bold king of Uladh :
The horse-race of Rath Line**, also,
Among the youths of Araidhe'' ;
To listen to the fluttering of the flocks of birds
Of Linn Saileach^ after set of sun ;
The editor examined tlie s^ite of Eamhain
with great care in 1835, but could not
tind any trace of stone walls (vestigiis nniro-
riim eminentihus) there ; the earthen worksi,
however, arc very extensive, and show that
it nni.st have been a place of considerable
iniport^inoe.
" Dun Sobhairce, Sobhairce's fort (Dun-
severick), an insulated rock containing
^ome fragments of the ruins of a castle,
near the centre of a small bay, three miles
cast of the Giant's Causeway, in the county
of Antrim. See Colgan, Trias Thaum.,
p. 1 82, where its situation is described as
follows : " Duiisobhairce est arx maritima
et long^ vetusta regionis Dal Riedia;, qua;
iKiincn illud a Sobarcliio filio Ebrici, Regc
llibcnua>, primoque arcis illius conditorc
circa annum mundi 3CG8, desumpsit, ut
ex Quatuor Magistris in aimalibiis, Cata-
liigo Rpguni Ilibcriiia; Kctcnno, Lib. i., et
;diis passim rcriim llil)crnicarum Scriptori-
Ims colligitur." Charles O'Conor of Bcla-
nagarc, and all the writers on Irish topo-
graphy, down to the j-ear 1833, had
assiuncd tliat Dun Sobhairce was the old
name of Carrickfergus, but the editor
]irnv('d, in an article in the Dublin Penny
Journal, p. 361-363, May 11th, 1833,
tliat it is the place now railed Dunseve-
rick.
* Uisneach Sec note f, p. 6, supra.
™ Ruth Line Tliis rath, which was
otherwi.sc called Rath mor Maighe Lino, is
still in existence in the plain of Magh Line
(Jloylinny), Lower Massareene, Antrim.
See it referred to in the Annals of the Four
Masters, at the year 680, and in tlie An-
nals of Coimaught, at 1315.
" Araidhe, i. e. of Dal Araidhe, a large
region in the east of Ulster, extending froni
Xewry, in the .'^outli of tlie county of Down,
to Sliabh Mis (SU'nnnisli), in tlie barony
of Lower Antrim, in the county of Antrim.
Magh Line, above described, is a portion
of Dal Araidhe. It extended from Lough
Neagli to near Carrickfergus.
> Linn Sailcach, i.e. lhei>ond of the sal-
24 '^eaya agup 5uat)]ia
coy^caD peip pop peoil caipb
t)oipi mic Daipi oono-jaipb ;
Ceachc mip ITIapca a ITIaj Chobu
oo pij UloD^- ni h-aoa;
uipci 60 o'ol — DopaiD De,
Heihi6 lop oa ooipche.
Qca puno ploinoceap co reanb^^
DO chuic pijaib na h-Gpeano,
im pij Ueampa cuchc ica
a n-aoa 'pet n-upjapca.
Hi blij cuaipc CUIC16 CO ceano^^
na oUariinachc na h-Gpeano
cacha pipi puaiU nach
an pil) laip nach pagbaijcheap®'.
niao peapp lib pe*^^ limb la
beanao*'^ uili aen cimna,
Deanaib bepeapc ap t)ia n-oil
ip leop D'aDa[ib] each aen pip. Q pip.
lows. This place is uuknown to the edi- the name.
tor. * Uisce Bo NfimJiidh, i. e. the water of
» Daire-mic-Daii-e, i. e. roboretum iilii the cow of Neimhidh. This name would
Darii. This name would be anglicized be anglicized Uskabonevy, but there is no
Derrymacderry or Derryvicdary, but the stream, well, or locality in Ulster at pre-
editor is not acquainted with any place of sent bearing the name, and the etlitor has
l^iojli Gfjieann.
25
Tu eek'brate the feast ul' tlie Ik'sh of the bull
Of Daire-mic-Daire^, the brown and rough ;
To go in the month of March to Magh Cobha
To the king of Uladh is hot kicky ;
To drink of the -water, whence strife ensues,
Of Bo Neinihidh* between two darknesses.
Here are, let them be i)roclaimed boklly.
To the five kings of Eire,
"With the king of Teamhair, through all time,
Their prerogatives and prohibitions.
He is not entitled boldly to make the visitation of a province,
Nor to the ollamh-ship of Eire,
Nor to what he asks, be it ever so trifling,
The poet to Avhom they are unknown.
If ye wish for a life of many days.
Make ye all one will,
Hold charity for the sake of the good God,
Which is prerogative sufficient for every man. O man'', &c.
never met any authority to show where in
Ulster it was situated.
" O man, Q y\\\. — A part (if the first
line is usually repeated at the end of every
separate jioem. One reason evidently is to
prevent mistake, as the vellum MSS. arc
so closely written tliat it would not be
always easy to distinguish the end of one
poem from the bei;iniiing of another, with-
out some notice of this Ivind. It also serves
as an indication tliat the particular piece
is concluded.
11^ ^ • f^^
ceobbai? NQ 5-ceaRC.
ceabhOR NQ 5-ceaRr.
L— t)6i5heat)h i^i^h chaisi^.
[INCipiC oa r^eabuji na c-Ceapr inoipreap do cipuiB -| cua~
pafclaib Gpeann ariiail po opbaij 6enean mac Sepcnen jxiilTTi-cec-
laiD phuopuij, amail ac peo 6ebap ^linne t)a Caca.^
tDo olijeaoaib cJiipc Chaipil, -\ oia chfpaib, -| oia clianaib, mo -|
app, ano po pip, -| do chuapapcalaib pij rDurhan -] pij h-6pino ap-
cheana, 6 pij Caipil, in can oa pallna plaichip ino.
CaipiL Don caipil' .1. clocli popp a puipmiDrp jeill, no cip uil
lapp an ail cliipa do bepchea 6 peapaib ©pino do. SiD-opuim Dno
ba peoD a amm an inaiD pm ppiup.
t)o pala Din oa mucaio i n-aimpip Chuipc meic Cui^oeacli ic
cachai 51 na culcha pin, ppi pe paichi ic meappao a muc ap ba Dpuim
piobaiDi h-e^ 6dDap h-e a n-anmanoa na mucaioi .1. tDupopu,
mucaio pij h-6le, 1 Culapan, mucaio pij TTlupcpgiDi. Co cappap
Doib oealb pa jloinichip^ 5P^'"> 1 S"^^ binoichip meano clipoc
* Cis ail, i. c. tribute rent. This deri- "^ Core, the son of Lughaklh The date
vation is also given in Cormac's Glossaiy. of his death is not given in tlie authentic
The term Caiscal, wliich is tlie name of Irish annals, but we may form a pretty
many places in Ireland, as well as of the correct idea of his period from the fact that
ancientmetropolisof Munster, denotes a cir- his grandson, Aengus mac Nadfraech, was
cultu- stone fort ; and there can be little doubt slain in the j'ear 489.
that Core, king of Munster, erected a fort '' Ele — At tliis period the terjitory of
of this description on the rock, wlien he Ele comprised, besides the country after -
changed its name fiom Sidh-dhruim to wards called Ely O'Carroll in the King's
Caiseal. County, the present baronies of Eliogarty
" Sidh-dliruim, i. c. fairy hill. and Ikcrrin. in the county of Tipperan,-.
THR BOOK OF RIGHTS.
t
I THE PRIVILEGES OF THE KING OF CAISEAL.
The Book of Rights which treats of tlie tributes and stipends of
Eire (Ireland) as Benean, son of Sescnean, the psahnist of Patrick,
ordained, as the Book of Gleann-Da-Loch relates.
Here follows concerning the laws of the right of Caiseal (Cashel),
and of the tributes and rents given to it and by it, and of the sti-
pends given to the kings of Mumha (Munster), and the other kings of
Eire, by the king of Caiseal, when it is the seat of the monarchy.
Caiseal [is derived] from cais-il, i. e. a stone on Avhich they used to
lay down pledges, or cis-ail*, i. e. payment of tribute, from the tril)ute
given to it by the men of Eire. Sidh-dhruim'' was the name of the
place at first.
It happened in the time of Coix^ the son of Lughaidh, that two
swine-herds frequented that hill for the space of a quarter of a year
to feed their swine on acorns, for it was a woody hill. The names of
those swine-hi!i-ds Avere Durdru, the swine-herd of the king of Ele"*,
and Cularan, the swine-herd of the king of Muscraidhe^ ; and there
« Miiscraiilke ( Tliiic). — This was the an-
cient name of the di.itni-t now comprised
in the baronies of I'ljper and Lf)wer Or-
inond, in the north of the county of Tippe-
rar}'. The churcli Cill C'heire (Kilkeary,
near tlie town of Nenajjh), and Leatraeha,
( l>attera{;h, about eiglit miles south of tlie
same town), arc mentioned as in tliis ter-
ritory. .Ve Colpan's ,irfa Sanctorum, pp.
151, 401, and the Feihre Aenguis, Jan.
5, and Oct. 27. It is stated in a letter
written by Sir Charles O'Carroll to the
Lord Deputy, in 1585 (and now pre-
served in the Lambeth Libran,-, Carew
Collection, No. 608, fol. 15), that tJie name
Lower Ormond was tlien lately imposed
upon " Muskrj'-heer}'," by the usur])atina
of the then Karl of Oriiu'iiil.
30 Ceabhap
la\y ic beanoochao na rulcha i in Baili ic ruippnjipi pdcpaic -|
ap bepc :
Po, po, po, peap FaUnapraip*;Caipil,
Copp cemeanbach J n-anmaim an QpD-Qrhap',_
Sceo rrieic na h-lnjine,
^Q pach Spipuc Naeiii ;
Bppuc^ maipeach, mop, maich,
6up beacha co m-bpeicheariinap,
Ctnpap Gpino apo binjlij
t)' aep each uipD co n-iljpdbaiB,
^a pojnuTTi Cpipcchairii.
]p h-i cpa belb bae ano pin .1. Uiccop ainjjel [pucpaic] ic caip-
cheaoal pdopaic -] opbain -j aipeochaip Gpmo Do beich do jpeap
ip in baili pin,
Cib pil ann Din ace ip ceono-popc^ Do phaDpaic 1 ip ppirh-charhaip
DO pij h-GpinD m baili pin. Qcup olejap cip -| poj"""! F^<^P
n-6peanD do pij in baili pm Do jpeap^ .1. do pij Caipil cp6 beanDoc-
cain pabpaic mic Qlplaino.
Qce anD po, imoppo, ruapipcla na pij 6 pij Caipil mdo pij
h-GpinD h-e -| a chiiaipc-peom 1 a biaca-pom poppa Dia chinD .1.
Ceac copn -| ceac claioearii -] cear n-each -\ ceac n-inap ua6
DO pij Cpuachna -| biachaD Da paichi 6 pij Cpuachan Do-pom -\ a
Dul laip a Cip Chonaill.
Pichi palach -| y\c)u pichchell -| pichi each Do pij ceneoil Co-
naill -] biachaD mtp 6 chen^l ConaiU oo-pom -| ceacc laip i Uip
n-6ojain.
Caeca copn 1 caeca claioeB 1 caeca each do pij Ctilij -| bia-
choD mip uabu Do-poni -| coi jeacc^ laip a Culai j n-Og.
Cpicha copn 1 cpicha claiDeb 1 cpicha each Do plaich Chulcha
f There appeared to them a figure, Sfc. Victor was the name of St. Patrick's guar-
• — This story is also given by Keating in dian angel. But Dr. Lanigan asserts that
his History of Ireland. " there is no foundation for what we read
K The angel Victor. — According to the in some of his Lives concerning his being
Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, ])ublishcd by often favoured with the converse of an an-
Colgan, lib. i. c. 19, and Jocelin, c. 19, gel Victor," &c. Eceles. Hist., vol.-i. p. 144.
na 5-Ceapr. 31
appeared unto them a figure*^, brighter than the sun, with a voice
sweeter than the anguUir harp, blessing the hill and the place, [and]
predicting [the arrival of St.] Patrick, and it said:
Good, good, good the man who shall rule Caiseal,
Walking righteously in the name of the Great Father,
And of the Son of the Virgin,
With the grace of the Holy Spirit ;
A comely, great, good Bishop,
Child of life unto judgment,
He shall fill noble angelic Eire
With people of each order of various grades,
To serve Christ the benign.
The figure which appeared there was Victor^, the angel of Patrick,
prophesying [the coming of] Patrick, and that the grandeur and supre-
macy of Eire would be perpetually in that place.
Accordingly that town is a metropolis to Patrick, and a chief city
of the kincr of Eire. And the tribute and service of the men of Eire are
always due to the king of that place, i. e. the king of Caiseal, through
the blessing of Patrick'', the son of Alplainn.
Now here are the stipends of the kings from the king of Caiseal,
if he be king [monarch] of Eire, and his visitation and refection among
them on that account, i. e.
One hundred drinking-horns, one hundred swords, one hundred
steeds, and one hundred tunics [are given] from him to the king of
Ouachan; and refection from the king of Cruachan to him for two
(juarters of a year, and to accompany him into Tir-Chonaill.
Twenty rings, twenty chess-boards, and twenty steeds to the king
of Cineal Conaill, and a month's refection from the Cineal Conaill to
him, and to escort him into Tir-Eoghain.
Fifty drinking-horns, fifty swords, and fifty steeds to the king of
Aileach, and a month's refection from him to him, and to escort him to
Tulach Og.
Thirty drinking-horns, thirty swords, and thirty steeds to the lord
'■ Through the blessing of Patrick, the son of Calforii. In St. Patrick's Con/<«»i«,
son of Alplainn He is more usually called he says that his father was Calporniiis. a
32 Ceablia]!
O5 1 biachao ba chpach oeaj laip -] a cheachc'" laip a n-Oipjiall-
aib.
Ochc U'lipeacha 1 peapcac map -| peapcar each do pij Qipjiall
-j a biachab pe mip a n-6iTinin -\ a choirhiceachc m n-Ullcaib.
CeoD copnn -\ ceac macal -\ ceac claioeb 1 ceac n-each 1
ceac long" do pij Ula6, biarao mip'^ bo-pom a h-UUcaib, -] Ulaib
laip CO Ueamaip.
Upicha liiipeach -| cpicba palach -\ ceac n-eacb -| cpicha pidi-
cliell 00 pij Ueampach ■] biachao mip 1 Uearhpaij paip -| ceicheopa
pine Cheaiiipach laip co h-Qch Cliach.
[Dec mna -)] oeich n-eich -] oeich longa do pij Cfca Cliach -|
biacao mip 6 pij Qca Cliach oo-pom •] a chaemcheachc il-^ai^nib.
Upicha lonj 1 cpicha each 1 cpicha cumal 1 cpicha bo do pij
^ai^ean -j biachuo od mip 6 ^aijnib oo-pom .1. mi 6 faijin cuach-
jabuip -| mi 6 f-aigin Deap-jabaip. Upicha each -| cpicha luipeacli
-\ cearpocao claibeb,
Iciab pin a cuapipcla -] a corhaioeachca conio ooib-pioe'* ao peo
in c-iijoap buaoa .1. 6enen muc Sepcnein:
t)li5eaD each pij 6 pij^ Caipil,
biD ceipc ap bdpbaib co bpach,
po jebchap 1 caeib na Uaibean
oc puaiD na n-^aeibel co jnach,
Ceb copn, ceac claibeam a Caipil,
ceac n-each, ceac n-inap piu aip,
deacon. See the remarks on this passage laureate of all Ireland. It is described in
in the Introduction. Cormac's Glossaiy.
i The Four Tribes of Tara ; see the ^ A hundred drinking-horns, or gohlets.
Battle of Maph Rath, Y>-^,'Vi-'here those tubes — O'Brien derives the word copn from
are mentioned, viz., the families of O'h-Airt; copn, a horn, Latin cornu, and asserts
O'Ceallaigh, of Breagh ; O'Conghaile ; and that drinking cups were anciently of horn.
O'Kiagain. ■" A hundred swords The word
i Laiffhin Tuath-ghahhair All that claioeam, or cloibeam, is evidently'
part north of Bealach Gabhrain, the road cognate with the Latin gladins. It is re-
ef Gabhran. markable that Giraldus Cambrensis ( Topo-
^ A long with the Taeidhean Taeidhean, graphia HihernicB Distinct, iii. c. x. ' makes
or tuighean, was the name of the orna- no mention of the sword among the mili-
mcnted mantle worn by the chief poet or tniy weapons iiSed by the Irish in his time.
na 5-Cea|ir. 33
Tulach Og, [avIio gives him] refection for twelve days and escorts
liini to the Oirghialhi.
Eight coats of mail, sixty tunics, and sixty steeds to the king of
the Oirghialla, [by whom] he is entertained for a month at Eamhain
and escorted to the Ulstermen.
A hundred drinking-horns, a hundred matals, a hundred swords,
a hundred steeds, and a hundred ships to the king of Uladh, and the
Ulstermen give him a month *s refection and escort him to Teamhair
(Tara).
Thirty coats of mail, thirty rings, a hundred steeds, and thirty
chess-boards to the king of Teamhair; and he receives a month's refec-
tion at Teamhair, and the four tribes of Teamhair' escort him to Ath
Cliath (Dublin).
Ten women, ten steeds, ten ships to the king of Ath Cliath, and a
month's refection [is allowed] to him from the king of Ath Cliath, who
accompanies him to the Leinstermen.
Thirty ships, thirty steeds, thirty cumhals (bondmaids), and
thirty cows to the king of Laighin, and two months' refection from
the Leinstermen to him, i.e. a month's from northern LaighinJ and a
month's Irom southern Laighin; [to whom he presents] thirty steeds,
thirty coats of mail, and forty swords.
Such are his stipends and escorts, of which the gifted anfhor
Benean the son of Sescnean said :
THE EIGHT of each king from the kingof Caisea],
Shall be question to bards for ever:
It shall be found along Avith the Taeidhean''
With the chief poet of the Gaeidhil constantly.
A hundred drinking-horns,' a luiudred swords'" from Cais(>al,
A lumdrcd steeds, a hundred tunics" besides,
The mention of the sworiU in this worit, of the Iii.sh from tlic Scythians.
US amonp tlie weapons presented by the " Tunics, inup. Tiiia word is trims-
kings to their chieftains, shows tlie inae- lated ''cloaks" by ^[acCurlin, in liis Hncf
curacy of Cambrensis. Spenser consich'rs Discourse in Vindication of tlie Aiiti(|uiiy
lliat the Irish always had "their broad of Ireland, p 173; but in a IMS. in the
.swordcs" and he adduces them as an evi- Library of Trinity College, Dublin, II. 2,
dence of his favourite theon-, the descent I:!, if is u^cd to translate fjie T,alin tunica.
1>
34
LeabTiap
ay a rip, co reilip, cuachail,
Do'n pij jeibip Cpuachain caip.
6iacha6 &a paichi 6'n pij pin
DO chupaio TTluTiian ap rhil,
Dul leip pi rpeap a (D)-Uip ConaiU,
CO pij eapa Tn-(6)o6oipnn mip.
Rij Conoacc la cupaib Caipil
CO cacaib 6eapnaip, — ni bpe^;
pj Conaill CO clanbaiB ©ojain
capao Do'n Deopaio lap ceic.
Pichi palach, pici pichchill,
pichi each co po Gap-puaiD
bo'n pij DO nap beapbap Dojainj'^,
Do pij beapnaip Conaill chpuaio.
6iarha6 mfp 6 rhaichib Conaill
DO chuiceao ITluriian a maipj,
acup Dia pij — ni Dlij'*^ Deolaij,
pia n-Dul a (D)-Uip n-Cojain n-aipo.
Caeca copnn ip caeca claioeb,
caeca each jlepca co jndcli
d' pip paich 6 t)(h)oipib na n-Daij-meap,
DO plaich Oilij ainceap each.
" Cruachan (Kathcroghan, near Balena-
gare, Roscommon), where the ruins of se-
veral forts and other monuments are still
to be seen. This was the ancient palace of
the kings of Connaught. See above, p.
20, n. '.
P Tir- Chonaill, i. e. the covmtry of Co-
nall. This was nearly co-extensive with the
present county of Donegal. It derived its
name from Conall Gulban, the son of Niall
of the Nine Hostages.
1 The cataract of Badharn, i. e. the
cataract Eas Aodha Ruaidh mic Badh-
aii-n, called Assaroe, and sometimes the Sal
mon Leap. It is on the River Erne, at the
to^v^l of Ballyshannon.
■" Bearnas, i. e. a gap in a mountain, now
Barnismore, a remarkable gap in a moun-
tain situated about five miles to the east of
the town of Donegal.
* Tribes of Eoghan, i. e. the families
descended from Eoghan, the son of Niall
of tlie Nine Hostages, seated in the present
counties of Tyrone and Londonderry, and
in the baronies of Raphoe and Inishowen,
in the county of Donegal.
na 5-Ceajir. * 35
From his country, actively and prudentl)%
To the king wlio obtains the pleasant Cruaclfan".
Entertainment for two quarters from that king
To the heroes of Mumha (Munster) for their valour,
[And] to escort him Avith a force to Tir ChonaillP
To the king of the rapid cataract of Badharn''.
The king of Connacht with the heroes of Caiseal [goetli]
To the battalions of Bearnas*", — it is no falsehood ;
The king of Conall goes with him
As guide to the stranger to the tribes of Eoghan*.
Twenty rings', twenty chess-boards",
Twenty steeds at the great Eas-ruaidh'
To the king for Avhom no sorrow is fated.
To the king of the gap of the hardy Conall"'.
A month's refection from the chiefs of Conall
In grief [is given] to the province of Mumha,
And to their king — no gratuitous law.
Before going into the noble Tir-Eoghain\
Fifty drinking-horns and fifty swords.
Fifty steeds with the usual trappings
To the man of prosperity of the Doires'" of goodly fruit,
To the prince of Aileach who protects all.
' Twenty rings pichi pulaij. Mac ™ Bearnas Chonaill, i.e. Conall'sgap or
Curtin translates this twenty gold rings, gapped mountain — See page .34, note ^
p. 1 7:{. * Tir- Eoyliain, i. e. Eoglian's countr}',
" Twenty chess-hoards — Pichl fir- now anglicized Tyrone, but the ancient
ciU — " Twenty pair of Tablea." Mac Tir-Eogliain was more e.Ktcnsive than the
Curt. The pirceall is described in Cor- present county. — See page 34, note '.
mac'sGlossaryas(|uadrangularwithstraight J 0 Dhoinhh Doire, Deny, Iy)ndon-
spots of white and black, If cerpacaip derry, formerly Ddire Calgach, afterwards
IM pirceU, OCUp IC Dipje a cire, Doire Choluim CbiUc. Tlic plural nnui.-
ocup pino OCUp DliB pilippe. seems to allude to the oak woods there, so
• Eas-ruaidh, i. c. cataracia TJufi, ^co often nipntioned in the Lives of St. Cohnn
page 34, note i. Chi lie.
I) 2
3G
Leabhap
6iocha6 mif do thac-plaich ITIurhan,
o muij murinan, — ni paeB peach"',
t)'pip CUIC16 6pannt)uib ■^dn beojum,
6 chlanbaib Gojain na n-each.
Cpicha copnn -\ cpicha claibeab,
cepc cpicha puaib each bo'n poo,
oo'n pip 'c-a m-bi6" opumclao uaine,
DO plaich Uhulcha uaine O5.
6iacha6 ou chpdch Deuj co oeaola
DO pi^ ITIurrian, miDir baipD,
6 pij Chulcha O5, cean beajail
no CO cop co'* h-Garham dipD,
Ochc luipecha do plaich Qip jiall ,^
a h-oipeachc Caipil ceac cpech
oo'ii pip popp m-(b)i6 ceapca cinao,
peapcac map, peapcac each.
6iachaD mip a mullach Garhna
6 Cfip^iallaib aca moip,
DO pij Caipil chaip o^n chuchcaip,
Dul laip a n-Ulcaib a n-oip.
' The province of. I}ran?i'lnJ>h, i. e. the
province of Leinster, from Branii Dubh, one
of its celebrated kings. It is here put for
the king of Cashel's territory by a poetical
license. See page 40, note ■■.
* Green tumulus, DpiiniclaD UCiine.
This alludes to the hill on which the chief
of Tulach Og used to inaugui-ate the Irish
monarchs of tlie northern Ui Ncill race.
See Addenda to the Ui Fiachrach, note L,
on the Inauguration of the Irish chiefs,
pp. 425, 431, &c.
'' Tnlach Og, i. e. the hill of the youths
(Tullaglioge, corrujitly pronounced Tully-
hawk), a small village in the parish of
Desertcreaght, barony of Dungannon, Ty-
rone. After the establishment of surnames
in the tenth century, the chief family of
this place took the surname of O'h- Again
(OTIagan). See last reference.
«^ Eamhain This was the ancient palace
of the kings of Ulster ; but after the year
332 it lay in a state of desertion, though
occasionally referred to as the head residence
of the Oirghialli), as in the present instance.
d C»«f.so/"//(«j7,Unpeacha — The Irish
word luipeach, (which is cognate with, if
not derived from the Latin lorica), certainly
signilies mail armmtr.
'^ Vlstermen Uladh was originally the
name of the entire province of Ulster, but
after the year 3.12 it was applied tn that
na 5-Cea|ir.
37
Refection of a month to the young princes of Muniha,
From tlie plain of Muniha, — it is no false account,
To the man of Branndubh's' j^i'ovince without opposition,
From the clans of Eoghan of steeds.
Thirty drinking-horns and thirty swords,
Thirty red steeds [fit] for the road,
To the man who has the green tumulus'.
To the chief of the creen Tulach Og;''.
Twelve days' refection nobly
To the king of Mumha, the bards notice.
From the Idng of Tulach Og, without separation
, Until he escorts him to the noble Eamhain"^.
Eight coats of mail'' to the prince of the Oirghialla
From the host of Caiseal of the hundred preys
To the man who has the chastisement of crimes.
Sixty tunics, sixty steeds.
A month's entertainment on the summit of Eamhain [is due]
From the Oirghialla of the great lord
To the king of pleasant Caiseal from fhe kitchen,
[And] to escort him to the Ulstermen^ eastward.
liorliini of tho east of Ulster (Down and
Antrim) bounded on the west by tlie Lower
liann ami I^iuj^h Neaf;li, and by Gleann
liij^lie, througli whiclian arlitk-ial boundary
wa3 formed, hoav called tlie Danes' Cast.
This bomularj' is distinctly referred to in
a nianus(Ti|it in the I^ibrarj* of Trinity Col-
lege, Dublin, II. iii. 1«, ]). 783, in the fol-
lowing words: X)o'u cuob ahuy Do
^tiotio T?i^e oo pij^neuD copann
^ledruiu T'ii,t;e o'n lubup (iruuip
eiicoppci -| Claimuib l^u6p(ii,^e -|
iv\\ pilledoap clunnn Wu6p(nT[|e
mum 6 pin n le, i. e. on the hither side
i<\' (ileann l!i.i;ii(i, tlic boundary of (ileann
lli^'lie wa-- furiniMl from the Newry up-
wards between them [i. e. the Clann-CoUa]
and the Clanna Rudhraighe, and the Clanna
Kudlnaighe never returned across it from
tliat time to the present On an old map
of Ulster the river of Newry is called Owen
Glanree fluvius.
O'Flaherty and others, who h.ave written
on tlie hi^toiy of Ireland in the Latin lan-
guage, have for the sake of distinction
adopted Ulhlia to denote the circumscribed
territory to the cast, and Ultonia to denote
tlie entire province of Ulster. See O'Flaher-
{y'tiOiji/ijia, part III. c. 78, p. 372 ; Ussher's
PWmorf/»«, pp. 816, 1048; O'Conor's Dis-
sert, p 170, and Lan. ICccl. Hist. vol. ii.
38
Ceabhap
C4& copn, ceac claioeB, ceac macal
DO TTiilij 6oipchi — ni baech,
ceac each, ace ip o'eachaib oonoa,
acup beich lonja bo'n laecb.
6iacaD ba aen riiip a h-LlUcaib
o'uapal pij Caipil, 6''n chill,
olijib ac Uulaij caip Cheapnaij;
Ulaib laip CO Ceariipai j cinb.
Cpicha luipeach bo laech Ueanipach,
cpica palach — ip pip pm,
ceac n-each ni pcichaba pcich peiom^^,
la cpichaio pichcill ac pleib.
6iachab mfp a mullach Cheampach
bo chpean-peapaib'o Caipil cpuinb;
caibeacc^' laip pine ap a puipmim,
pip niiDi, CO t)uiblinb n-Duinb.
t)eich mna, beich lonja co leapchaib
6 laech Caipil acup Cliach,
f A hundred matals Ceac macal.
Mac Curtin translates tins " one hundred
Mantles," p. 174, Matal was probably
another name for the palainj which in
latter ages was applied to the outer cover-
ing or cloak ; but this is far from certain.
]\Iatal is applied in Leabhar Breac, fol. 64,
b, a, to the outer garment worn by the Re-
deemer. Giraldus Cambrensis describes the
outer covering of the Irish in the twelfth
century as follows, in his Topographia
Hibernice, Dist. III. c x. :
" Caputiis modicis assueti sunt & arctis,
trans humeros dcorsum, cubito tenus pro-
tcnsis : variisquc eolorum generibus panni-
culonimque plerunque consutis : sub quibus
phalingis laneis quoque palliorum vice
utuntur, seu braccis caligatis, scu calligis
braccatis, & his plcrimque colore fucatis."
Dr L3'nch says that the falainff was the
outside rug cloak. See Cambrensis Eversus,
p. 104; but Ledwich asserts (Antiquities,
second edit, p, 267) that "this it could not
be, for Cambrensis describes it as worn
under the hooded mantle." He also asserts
that the uaxnefalaing is not Irish, but that
it is derived from the Saxon Fulding, and
that it came with the manufacture into this
island ; but this is all gratuitous assertion.
« Boirche A territory, now the ba-
rony of Mourne, the mountains of which
were called Beanna Boirche. This clearly
appears from a notice of Boirche in the Dinn-
seanchus. and also in the Annals of Tighcar-
)ia g-Ceajic. 39
A Imndred drinking-horns, a hundred swords, a hundred niatals^
To the warrior of BoircheS — not foolish,
A hundred steeds, but bay steeds,
And ten ships'" to the hero.
Twice one month's refection from the Ultstermen
To the noble king of Caiseal, from the church.
Is due at the pleasant Tulach Chearnaigh' ;
The Ulstermen escort him to strong TeamhairJ.
Thirty coats of mail to the hero of Teamhair,
Thirty rings — that is true,
A himdred steeds not wearied in a.fatiguing service.
With thirty chess-boards for a banquet.
A month's refection on Teamhair's summit
[Is due] to the mighty men of round Caiseal;
And the tribes come with him on his march,
The men of Midhe (Meath), to the brown Duibh-linu''.
Ten women, ten ships with beds
From the hero of Caiseal and Cliach',
nach at the year 744, where it is stated ' Tulach Chearnuiijh, i. c. Ceaniach's
that the sea had tlirown ashore in the dis- hill, TuUycaniey, in the county of Down,
trict of Roirche a whale with three goMou .i Tarn. — Ueariiaip, the ancient pa-
teeth; and GiraldusCanibronsis, in noticing Jace of the monarchs of Ireland till it was
the same storj-, states, that this whale ciu-sed by St. Euadhan of Lothra, in the
was found at " Carlenfordia in Ultonia." reign of Diarmaid, the son of Fearghus Ccir-
See his Topoyraplun Hibernio', Dist. ii. c. blieoil, wlio died in the year 5G5, after
10. There is a moat near the source of which it became a ruin, but the Irish nio-
the Upper Bann, still called moca bean- uarchs, and sometimes the kings of Jlcatli,
na fjoipce. were called from it kings of Teamhair. —
h Tin ships — The word lonj is in See Pctrie's History and Antiipiities of
common use to denote a ship. We have yet Tara Hill, pp. 100-104. See p. 7, note '',
no evidence to prove the size or construe- supra.
tion of the vessels here referred to. It is ^ Dinhhiinn — Sec p. 12, nolo i:,.\iipra.
curious toromaik, tliattlie monarch bestows ' C/iuc/i, a territory around CniK- Aitie in
fclii[)s upon those ]irincesonly whosp tcrrito- the county of Limerick, introduced here to
rics cxteudcd along the sea. till up the metre.
40
Ceabhap
rf
oeich n-eich a n-uaip bldca bluoaig
bo pij Qcha claoaij Cliucli.
6iachaD mip 6 maichiB Uomaip^^
DO chi^eapna Caipil chaip,
pi in ara Dilcaij, nach baij-Beip,
DO chichcain a ^aijnib laip.
Upicha lonj Do laechpaiD 6iariina,
laiceap cpica oeaj each Do,
blijib im na cpicha im Chapmon^^
cpicha ban-rhoD, cpicha bo.
6iachaD do Ian mtp 6 ^aijniB
DO laech TTluiTian a TTIuij "Rach,
QUID mip a rPuij 6panDuib bpoJDa
6 clanbaib Conbla peach each.
Cpicha each, en cpicha luipeach
DO laecli ^abpan glome** Dach,
nocho n-eachlacha po ploiDeaD^"*;
ceachpaca claioearii i (5)-cach.
Qc-'^ pin cuapipcla pij h-Gpino
6 pij rriurhan rholaio^^ p,p^
'fa tn-biacliao 6'n luce pin uile,
Deapb pe each n-Dume po Dlig-^
[tJlijeoD.]
"' Atli Cliath. — The name for Dublin. —
See p. 1 2, note ?, siipra.
" Tomafs chieftains See Introduction.
" Liamhain, — Tliis place was also called
Dun Liamhna. It was an ancient seat of
the kings of Leinster, and still retains its
name under the anglicized form of Dunla-
van, in the county of Wicklow. See the
Circuit of Muircheartach MacNeill, p. 36.
P Carman. — This was the ancient name
of the place where the town of Wexford
now stands. See p. 15, note i, supra.
1 Magh Rath, i. e. the plain of the raths
or forts. The Editor does not know aiiv
place of this name in Leinster.
r Mugh Brann-duibh, i. e. the plain of
Brann Dubh, king of Leinster, who resided
at Kath BrainnorDun Brainn, near Baltin-
glas. See p 36, note '-, supra.
* Conula. — He was the ancestor of Mac
GioUa-Phadruig and his correlatives, who
were seated in the ancient Os-raidhe (Os-
surj-), extendmg from the Sliabli Bludhma
mountains to the meeting of the Three
Waters, and from the river Bearbha to
]\Iagh Feindiin. See pp. 17, ', 18, ^ supra.
' Gahhran. — See p 17, note*, supra. By-
hero of (iabhran is here meant " the king
na 5-Ceajic.
41
Ten steeds iu their prime couditioii
To tlie king of the entrenched Ath Cliath'".
A month's refection from Tomar's chieftains'*
To the lord of pleasant Caiseal,
The king of the bounteous ford, which is not uuwealthy,
[Is} to come to the Leinstermen with hini.
Thirty ships to the heroes of Liamhain",
Thirty good steeds are sent by hiin,
There are due to the districts around Carmau''
Thirty women-slaves, thirty cows.
Two full months' refection from the Leinstermen
To the hero of Mumha at Magh Eath",
A month's feasting at Magh Brannduibh'' the fortified
From the race of Connla* beyond all.
Thirty steeds, thirty coats of mail
To the hero of Gabhran^ of fair colour,
It was not grooms that lashed them" ;
Forty swords for battle.
Such are the stipends of the kings of Eire
From the king of Muniha whom men praise,
And their refections from all the other parties,
Which, as is certain to each person, are due. THE RIGHT.
or chief lord of Ossory."
" It was not grooms tlutt lunlied them,
nocho n-eachlacliu po ploibeao,
i. e. it was not grooins but ciru'ftaiiis who
roile thcMU. Tlic meaning of ploioeuo,
which is explained Jt^cippciD) cutting, by
O'Clcrigh, must be here deterniincd from
the Itind of whip, goad, or spur, witli wliich
the ancient lrit,li incited their horses. Tin;
writer of C'utli Cluana T.irbli states, that
tlie king of I^cinstcr drove his liorsc with 11
rod of vow, inim<«liately before llie battle of
Clontarf (A. 1). 1014); and (iiraldus t'ain-
brensis, who w rote about the year 1 185, as-
serts, that the Irish did not use spurs, but
incited their liorses with rods crooked at
the head. His words are :
" Item scllis equitando non utuntur, non
ocreis, non calcaribus : virga tantuin, ipiain
nianu gestant, in suiHjriori parti' rainerata,
tarn equoa excitant, quuni ad cursusinvi-
tant. Frenid quidom utuntur, tani chaini
(juam freui vice fuiigt;nlibu» : quilius &
equi, semper herbis assueti ad jnibula ne-
(juatjuam impediunlur. rrietereii nudi &
incrnies ail l)clla proeedunt. llabentenini
arma [iroonere. Inermcs vcro diniieare |iro
audaciareputant." Tvp.Hib. Disl.iu.c. IC
42 Ceabhap
CGQl^C Cuipil acup pij Caipil 6 chuachaib ap meuoon ann
fo [r'f]-
O m(h)upcpai6iB cheaoamup cup na cana-pa .^. beicb (5)-c^ud
bo -] beich (5)-ceaD cope anb pm 6 rn(h)upcpai6ib.
Ceo bo -| ceac muc -\ ceac n-barh 6 Uaicbnib anO pin,
t)a ceac mole ■] cdac cope -| ceac bo -\ ceac leano uaine a
b-Qpaib mo pin.
C^o bo 1 ceac barii ■] ceac cope 6 Chopco 6ai6i pm.
XDeich (5)-ceac oarii i beich (5)-ceac bo 6 Chopco tDuiBne beop.
t)eich (5)-ceac h6-\ beich (5)-ceac cope c6 Chiappaioi 6uachpa.
t)eich^^ (5)-ceac bo -| beieh (5)-c6ac bam 6 Chopco baipcmo.
rn'li bo'^ mill oam •] mili peichi -\ mill bpac a 6oipinb.
Ceb bo -] ceac bam -\ ceac epdnab ap in [cJ-Seachcrhoo.
Oct mill cope ■] mill bo 6 na tDepib.
Noch ap oafpi cpdt leaib na cipa pin, ace cap ceanb'° a (b)-cipi
-) ap palpi chipc [cineoil] Chaipil ■] ap a beanbochab bo phabpaic
uriial ab peoc 6enean:
C6QPU Chaipil, cen chpab bia chnpaio,
po chaipi^ oam blijib;
maich le pij ^abpam in jeajaip
a pajbdil 'j-ct pilij.
O rn(h)upepai6ib cean paibb n-^ichij,
DO Chaipil dpb uaichib
" Muscraidhe. — According to allthe Irish O'Cuirc; 5, Muscraidhe larthair Feimliin,
genealogical works, these were tlie descen- the country of O'Carthaigh; 6, Muscraidhe
dants of Cakbre Muse, the son of Conaire Thire, the country of O'Donghaile and
Mor, monarch of Ireland m the beginning O'Fuirg. O'Brien, in his Irish Dictionary,
of tlie third century. See O'Flaherty's after enumerating the several Muscraidhes,
Ogygia, part iii. c. C3. According to O'h- has the following remark : " It is refen-ed
Uidhrin's topographical poem there were to the judicious reader if it be a likely story
six Muscraidhes, all in Munster, namely, that one Cairbre Muse, supposed son of a
1, MuscrauUie Mitine, the country of king of Meath in the begimiing of the
O'Floinn ; 2, JMuscraidhe Luachra, the third century, and of whose progeny no
country of O'h- Aodlia, along the Abhainn account has ever been given, should have
Mhor (Blackwater) ; 3, Muscraidhe Tri given the naHne of Musciy to eveiy one of
Maighe, the country of O'Donnagain ; 1, these territories, so widely distant fi-om
Muscraidhe Treitheirnc, the country of each other in the province of Munster."
na 5-Cea]ic. 43
THE RIGHT of Calseal and of the king of Caiseal from [his] ter-
ritories generally, doAvn here.
With the jMuscraidhe, in the first place, this tribute begins, i. e.
ten hundred cows, and ten hundred hogs from the Muscraidhe.
A hundred coavs, and a hundred pigs, and a hundred oxen from
the men of Uaithne.
Two hundred Avethers, and a hundred hogs, and a hundred cows,
and a hundred green mantles from the men of Ara.
A hundred cows, and a hundred oxen, and a hundred hogs from
Corca Luighe.
Ten hundred oxen and ten hundred cows from Corca Dhuibhne,
also.
Ten hundred cows and ten hundred hogs from Ciarraidhe Luachra.
Ten hundred cows and ten hundred oxen from Corca Bhaiscinn.
A thousand cows, and a thousand oxen, and a thousand rams, and
a thousand cloaks from Boirinn.
A hundred cows, and a hundred oxen, and a hundred sows from
Seachtmhodh.
Two thousand hogs and a thousand cows from the Deise.
It is not for inferiority [of race] that they pay these tributes, but
for their territories, and for the superiority of the right of Caiseal, and
for its having been blessed by Patrick, as Benean sang:
THE RIGHT of Caiseal, without grief to its heroes,
It is my duty to record ;
It is pleasing to the king of Gabhran the fierce
To find it [acknowledged] by his poet.
From the Muscraidhe'' without knotty falsehood.
To noble Caiseal from them [arc due]
On these words it is necessarj' to loinark, any authority), and of O'Fluinn anil otIiiT.«,
tliat there is as much authority from Irish his descendants, we should with equal rea-
liistory for the existance of Cairbre Muse, son reject every other fact Uelonging to
as there is for any otlior fact belonging to this period stated by those geneal<igi.-»t8.
the same period; and that if wc reject the See Battle of Magh Rath, p. 3J0. For
account handed down of him and his father, the account handed down by the Irish gc-
who was full monaich of Ireland (not king ncalogists of Cairbre Muse, giving name to
of Meath, as O'Brien makes him, without those territories, O'Brien substitutes an cly
T
4:4:
Ceabhap
mill bo, — i^in pope a (m)-bpuraip,
mill cope 6 chuacbaiB.
Ceb bo pop cnuc ppi h-am n-uipceap",
ceac muc chall oia (b)-caipci6,
ceac n-Dam bo'n c-[p]lijaj aicpeiB coipcKb
6 Uaicbnib a n-aipci6.
t)a ceac mole 6^n Daim ao beapaib^-,
ceao cope, in ehuin chdnaib^'.
inulogical conjecture of his own, namely,
that, it is liliely that Muscraidlie is derived
from Wilts, jdeasant, and crinch, a country ;
but tliis is beneatli criticism, as it is an un-
doubted feet tliat the termination (which
is a patronymic one, somewhat like thjgin
Greek) is raidhe, not crair/lie, as we learn
from tribe-names siniilarl}- formed^ as Cal-
raid/ie, Caen-raidhe, Ciar-raid/ie, Greag-
)ai(l/ie, Os-raidhe, Trad-raidhe. This
being the case, we see that the root is »i?/*r,
and that O'Brien's etymology is visionary.
Dr. Lanigan, who, because he corrected
proofs for Vallancey, was imbued with
the rage for etymological delirium which
was contmenced by the British etymolo-
gists, and was taken up by O'Brien, and
brought to its acme by Vallancey, approves
of this silly etymological guess of O'Brien's,
as highly probably, and writes as follows:
" There were several tracts in Munster
named Jluscrighe, so called, says Colgan,
(Tr Th. p. 18G) from a prince Muse, son
of King Conor [recte Conaire] the great.
O'Brien, with m..ch greater appearance of
truth, derives that name from mvs, plea-
sant, and crinc/i, countrj'." The delusion
will, it is hoped, stop here, and will never
be supported by a third authority woi-th
naming.
1. Tlie extent of Museraidhe Jlitaine,
or, as it was called after the establisliment
of surnames, Muscraidlie Ui Fhloinn, is
now preserved in the deanery of " Musgry-
lin," which comprises, according to the
Liber Regalis Fisifationis, fifteen parishes
in the north-west of the county of Cork.
2. jMuscraidlie lAiachra was the ajicient
name of the district in which the Abhainn
Mhor (Blaekwater) has its source ; it was
so called from its contiguity to the mown-
tains of Sliabh Luachra (in Kerry). —
O'Brien says that Muiscrith Luachra was
the old name of the tract of land which lies
between Kilmallock, Kilfinan, and Ard-
patrick, in the county of Limerick ; but
for tliis he quotes no authority, and it is
against every authority, for we know from
O'h U idln-in that the tribe of Muscraidlie
Luachra were seated about the Alihaiuii
Mhor (im abainn rhoip maij^pi^j;),
but the position given them by O'Brien
would leave them nianj'- miles from that
river, as well as from Sliabh Luaclu-a,
from which they derived their distinguish-
ing appellative. 3. Muscraidhe Tri Maiglie,
i. e. IMuscraidhe of the three plains, which
belonged to O'Donnagain, was not the ba-
roiiy of Orrery, as O'Brien asserts, for
Orrery is the anglicized form of Orbh-
laidhe, of which presently, and we have
proof positive liuit " Muskerry-Doncgaii,''
na 5-Ceapc.
A tliousand cows, — it is the seat of their relative",
A tliousand hogs from their territories.
A hundred cows on the hill at time of calving,
A hundred pigs within to be stored,
A hundred oxen to the resident host are ordti-ed
From the men of Uaithne" freely. -
Two hundred wethers from the host I will say,
A hundred hogs, the tribute they exact.
which was gi-antcd by King John (see
Ciiaitor 9". unti. Keg.) to 'William de Harry,
is iiicIudcMl in the present barony of Barry-
more. Thus O'JJrien's wild conjectures,
which lie [mt as if they were ab.soliite de-
monstrated truths, vanish before the light
of records and etymology. 4 and 5. The
territories of Muscraidhe Breoghain, or iMius-
craidhc Ui Chuirc, and Muscraidhe of the
west of Feimhiii, are now included in the
barony of Clanwilliam, in the soutii-west
of the county of Tipiierary, as appears from
Keating, who places in Muscraidhe Chuirc
C'ill Beacain (Kilpeacon) in the barony of
Clanwilliam ; from the Book of Lismore,
fol. 47, b, I) ; the Tripartite Life of Saint
Patrick, lilj. ill. caj*. 32, which places in
Muscraidhe Breoghain the church of Cill
Fiada (Kilfeaklc), in the barony of Clan-
william, about four miles and a half to the
north-east of the town of Tipperaiy ; and
this is more particularly evident from tlie
Ormond records, in which tliis territoiy is
particularly defined. Sec grant of Kdwaid
I II. to the ICarl of Ormond. G. Mu.scraidhe
Thire includes the present baronies of Up-
per and Lower Onnoml, in the county of
Tipperary, as we can infer fmui the places
mentioned as in it, such as (ill (!cri (Kil-
keare parish in UpiK-r Ormond), and Ixsit-
rcadia Odhruin (Lattcrngh, in (lie barony
of Upper Oniiond), about eight mibs to
the south of Xenagh. See Ftlire Acnguis,
at 27th October and Sth Januaiy, and
Colgau's .^c^a Sanctorum, pp. 1.51, 4()1.
The extent of this territorj' is defined by
Sir Charles O'Carroll, in a letter to the
Lord Deputy in 1595, in which he calls it
" Jluscryhyiy," and states that the earl
lately called it by the false name of Lower
Ormond, a name which it had never borne
before, inasmuch as it Avas always consi-
dered a part of " Thomond."
" Relctfire. — The Jluscraidhe descend
from Saraidh, the daughter of Conn of the
Ilimdred Battles; and the kings of Cashel
of both houses, of Eoghanaclit and Dal Cais,
from Sadhbh her sister, who was married
to OilioU Olum, king of Munster.
■'' Unit hue, i. e. Uaithne Cliach and Uaithno
Tire The former now tlie Ijarouy of " Ow-
neybeg," in the county of Limerick, and
the latter the barony of " Owney," adjoin-
ing it, in the county of Tipperary. After
the establishment of surnames the fami-
lies of Mac Ceoach (JIac Kcoghs), and
O'Loingsigh were dominant in Uaithne
Tire, and tho.se of O'h-Iffernain (Ilef-
feriian.s), and ()'('athalaiu (Cuhallans), in
Uaithne Cliacli, afterwards dispo.ssessed by
the Ixiin.stcr familyof O'.Madihiain (O'.Mul-
rians), of the race of C'.itiiaoir Mor.
46
(,eablia]i
ceo bo bo cheanb buaili ac bpu^am,
ceac leanb n-uaine a h-Qpaib.
O Chopco Ca\p CO laechaib
ceac bo ac caiDle^* ip cuachail,
peapcac Daiiri n-oonb — nocho oichaio,
ceac cope cpom 6 chuachaib.
mill Dorh — ip I in bpeach beapma,
nip ic^^ cpeach pe-m'^*' cuirhni,
mill bo, ni map'7 bu baiobi,
DO bpu tDaipbpi O t)uibni.
y The farmer's dairy. — One hundred
cows whicli liave enridied the buaile of
the brughaklh. Astobuailc, "booley,"see
Spencer's A^iew of the State of Ireland,
p. 51.
'• From the men of Ara, i.e. Ara-Tire,
now the barony of " Ara," or " Duhara,"
in the north-west of the county of Tip-
perarj', and Ara C'hacli, a territory in
the west of the county (if Limerick. Ac-
cording to the Irisli genealogists, the peo-
ple of Ara are of the Eudriciau race, and
descended from Feartlachta, the son of
Fearghus, .king of tlie province of Ulster,
in the first centur\' See O'Fla. Ogi/gia,
part iii. cap. 46. Ara-Tire is the present
barony of "Ara," in the north-west of the
comity of Tipperary ; but the name of tlie
territory of Ai'a CUach is not preserved in
that of any barony, but we know from the
oldest Lives of St. Patrick, and various
gther authorities, tliat it adjoined the ter-
ritory of Ui Fidl.ginte on the east side,
and that it comprised the parish of Kilteely
and all the barony of Ui Cuanach, " Coo-
nagh," in the east of the county of Lime-
rick, and the hill of Cnoc Aine, anglici
Knockany, in the barony of " Small Coun-
ty," in the .«ame count}-. It appears from
a tract in Leabhar na h-Uidhri, fol. 83,
that the territory of Ai'a was divided
fi-om tliat of Ui Fidhginte by the Biver
Samhair, which appears from various rea-
sons to be the "Morning Star." In the
course of time the people, origuially called
by the name Ara, were driven out or sup-
pressed by the dominant race of Oilioll
Olum, and a tribe of the race of Eoghan,
son of this Oilioll, gave it the name of
Eoghanacht Aine Cliach, of whom, after
the - establishment of surnames, O'Ciar-
mhaic (now barbarized to " Kirby"), was
the cliief. — See O'h-Uidlirin's topographi-
cal poem, andO'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii.
cap. 67.
^ Corca Luiffhe, i. e. the race of Lugh-
aidh, one of the tribe-names of the fanuly
of O'Eidirsceoill (O'Driscolls), and their
correlatives, who were otherwise called
Darfliine. It appears from a curious tract
on the tribes, districts, and history of this
territory, preserved in the Book of Lea-
can, fol. 122, that before the fiunilies of
O'Donnobhain, O'Maghthamhna, O'Suil-
leabhain, and others, were driven into
this territoiy after the English invasion,
it comprised the entire of the diocese of
" Ro.^s." This too, we may presume, was
na 5-Ceapr.
47
A liuntlred cows that enriched the fiirmer's dairy^,
A hundred green mantles from the men of Ara^.
From'Corca Lulghe" of heroes
A hundred cows frisking and skipping,
Sixty brown oxen'' — not a small number,
A hundred heavy hogs from the chieftainries.
A thousand oxen — it is the judgment I pass,
They required not to be distrained*^ in my memory,
A thousand coavs, not like cows of ravens'^,
From the brink of Dairbhre O'Duibhne^.
its extent when this poem was MTitteu. In
latter ages, however, "O'DriscoU's coiui-
tiy" of Corca Luighe was narrowed to a
very inconsiderable territory', in consequence
ofthe encroachments of " O'JIahony, O'Do-
novan, and O'SulIis-an Beare ;" and in the
year 1 615 it was defined as containing only
the following parishes m the barony of Car-
bery, \-iz. " Myross, Glanbaralianc, (Cas-
tlehaven) Tullagh, Creagh, Kilcoe, Agha-
down, and Cleare Island." The tract-in the
Book of Leacan is well worth publishing,
as thnwing much light on the ancient to-
pography of the south of Ireland.
^ Sixti/ hrown (^duti) oxen A hundred
in the prose. See page 43.
'Distrained, nip IC cpeac_It is not
necessary to levy by force — or, I remem-
ber not when levied by force.
* Cows of ravens, i. e. loan, dying
cows, such as tlic ravens watch and perch
on.
e Dairbhre O'Duibline This, which is
the name of the island of " Valencia," in
the west of Kerry, is here fiut for Cor-
ca Dhiiildme, a large territory in Kerry,
belonging to the families of 0'Faill)hc
(O'Falvys), O'Seagha (O'Shcas), and
O'Conghaile (O'Connclls). Shortly ante-
rior to the English invasion, O'Falvy pos-
sessed tlie barony of" Corcaguiny," O'Shea
tliat of " Iveragh," and O'Comipll that of
" Maguniliy ;" but about the middle ofthe
eleventli century the Ui Donchadha (O'Do-
noglioes) settled in Magunihy, and drove the
O'Connells west^vards into Iveragh, where
they were seated at Bally carbeiy, near Ca-
hersivcen. After the English invasion, about
A. D. 1192, tlie families of O'Siiilleabhaiii
(O'Sullivans), and Mac Carthaigh (Mac
Carthys), who had been pre\iously seated
in the great plain of Minister, as will Ix^ yiva-
scntly shown, were driven by the Englisli
into Kerry, and then those baronies were
seized upon by tlie Mac Cartiiys and
O'Sidlivans, who reduced the families of
the race of Coiiaire Mor to obscurity, in-
somuch that the old "Annals of Innis-
fallen," the chronicle of the district, does
not even once mention any of them ex-
cept O'Falvy, who, being chief of all this
race, retained a considerable territory till
finally overwiielmed by the increasing pow-
er of the l\Iac Cartiiys and O'Sullivans,
as well as of the Fitzgeralds, Ferriters,
Ilusseys, Trants, and otker Anglo-Irish
families, who settled at an early period in
lib territory- of Corca Dhuibhne, and were
48
Ceabha]!
fl^.
O CliiappaiDib claip nn claioearii
Deich (5)-ceac bo m^^ cam curiian,
Deich (5)-ceac cope uaichib cean anao''^,
a^" Cuachaip na lubdip.
O 6(h)aipcnib do ceac bo ap baechnip
b'a pach cpo cap cptcliaib
Do'n pij po chap Dine ouchai^,
mill baiTi, ni oichaij.
niili oairi, mill bo beanaim,
Do'n bun lap 16 lUoijim^'
mill peich, ap*- n-a n-ac*^ o'olaino,
mill bpac a 6oipinD.
SloinG cam Seachrrhaiji na pmooch**,
n1 bpeachcaiDi*^ &peanoach ;
ceac cpan*^, nochap chpo cean cheanoach,
ceac n-oam, ceac bo beanoach.
t)u mill cope lap n-a (D)-co5a
cup in enoc map cheapa,
mib bo na n-t)epi;
bana 6 t)(b)epib ci ao beapa?
supported against him by the Earls of
Desmond, who resided principally at Tra-
lee.
f Cktrraidhe, i. e. the race of Ciar, son of
Fearghus, king of Ulster, by Meadhbh, queen
of Connacht in the first century. The prin -
cipal family of this race took the surname
of O'Conchobhair (OConor). Ilis country,
which is often called Ciarraidhe Luachra,
from the moimtai.i of Sliabh Luachra, ex-
tended from the harbour of Tralee to the
mouth of the Shannon, and from Sliabh
Luachra to Tarbert. From tliis territory
the coimty of Keny has received its name.
The Ciarraidhe were also called tlie race of
I'Vorna Floinn. Sec note further on.
o Baiscinn. — This was the name of a
veiy celebrated tribe, giving their name to
a territory in the south-west of the county
of Clare, of whicli Leim Chonchulainn
(Loophead) forms tlie western extremity.
They were the descendants cf Cairbre Bas-
chaoin, or Cairbre of the Smooth Palm,-
the brother of Cairbre Muse, alreadj' men-
tioned. This territorj' originally comprised
the baronies of " Clonderalaw," " Moy-
arta," and " Ibrickan," in the county of
Clare ; but, after the expulsion of the l\Iac
Gormans from Leinstcr, shortly after the
English invasion, they wei-e settled by
O'Brien in the north of Corca Bhaiscinn,
adjoining Corcomroe. After the establish-
na 5-Cea]iu. 49
From the Ciarraidhe^ of the plain of swords
Ten hundred cows is the tribute I remember,
Ten hundred hogs from them without dela)^
From Luachair of the lepers.
From the men of BaiscinnS two hundred lowing cows
As increase of stock [paid] for their territories
To the king who loved his OAvn tribe,
A thousand oxen, not calves.
A thousand oxen, a thousand cows I exact,
For the palace in a day I ordain
A thousand rams, swelled out with wool,
A thousand cloaks from Boirinn''.
Name the tribute of the men of Seachtmhadh' of the foxes.
Not a quarrelsome host, —
A hundred sows, no unpurchased property,
A hundred oxen, a hundred horned cows.
Two thousand chosen hogs
To the hill [Caiseal] as tribute [are given],
A thousand cows, from the Deise'' ;
A fine for distraining from the Dcisc who can mention ?
o
ment of surnames, in the eleventh century, tliat of O'Lochlaiini {anc/Uce, O'Loughlin
the chiefs of this territory took the siimarae or O'Loghlen). It is strange that Corcom-
of O'Domluiaill (O'Domiell), and O'Bais- riiadh is omitted here, though given in the
cinn ; but, on the increasing of the popula- next poem.
tion and power of the Dal Cliais, tlie family ' Seachtmhadh — This territoiy is not
of Mac Mathghamhna (Mac Mahon) be- mentioned by O'h-Uidhrin. Di*. O'Brien, in
came chiefs of this territory (which in lat- his Dissertations on the Liiws of the ancient
tcr ages comprised only the baronies of Irish, Vail. Collect, vol. i. p. .383, thinks
Clonderalaw and Moyarta), and reduced that it was tlie Ijarony of Iveragh, in the
the race of the monarch Conaire Mor to county of Kerry ; but this could not be so,
comparative insignificance. as that barony is mentioned under tlie name
^ Bnirinn, i. e., a rocky district, Bur- of Dairbhro. It was in the county of Tip-
ren, a barony in the north of the county pcrarj', adjoining Ara.
of Clare. The chief of this territory is of *^ Deise, called Nandesi (na n-Desi) in
the same race as "O'Conor Kerrj'," and, the Lifcof St. Carthach — See Ussher's Pri-
aftcr the establishment of suniamos, tnok tnnn-Hn, pp. 7S1, 8(1.'). These were de-
E
50 Leabhap
Cip pn cap ceano cipi, ap copaij,
paipi m (c)I po leapaij",
, ace paipi chldip Chaipil.
Qn cip [p]in rnuriian, co mapcaib,
CO pia bunab beccaij,
pdopaic, in puipc op na popcaib,
ape Chuipc po cheapcaij. .... [CGQRC CQ.]
IS ]Qt)-SO beop cecupca 6enen meic Sepcnean pailm-cheac-
Uup^ pdbpaic: -| do Chianoacca ^leanoa I^^'ti'" oo pil Uaibc meic
Cenarnuriiain*^ mdipbo .1. cop ab ceano coicceann caich corhapba
Caipil, p^ib ipeao coriiapba puopajc-, -] in can na ba pi^ Gpino^^pij
Caipil, ipeaoapoip-' do popldmup pop leich GpinD .1. 6 Chij n-t)uinD
lap n-GpinD co h-Qch Cliadi Caijean. Dilep cuapipcail 1 corh-
nioeaclica pij Caipil do jpeap .1. pil 6pepail 6pic .1. Oppaibi.
OleajaiD [^aijean ap] baij aen luichi ceaclic la baij pig Caipil 1
(5)-ceanD Chuinb no allmapac.
t)li^ea6 Din'- 6 ^(h)allaib Qcha Cliach, -| 6 oeopaoaib TBpinb
scended from Fiaclia Liiigliflhe, the elder took the surnames of O'Bruic (Brick), and
brother of Conn of the Ilinidiod Battles, OTaelain (Phelan). They were dispos-
monarch of Ireland, and r.-ere originally sessed by the Powers and Butlers shortly
seated in the present barony of " Decce," after the English invasion.
OeipeCearhpac, to the south of Tara, ^Cianachta — This tribe were descended
in Meath, but they were expelled from from Cian, son of Oilioll Olum. They gave
iVIeath by the monarch Cormac mac Airt, name to the present barony of Keenaght,
when they settled in Munstcr, and sub- , ia the county of Derry. After the esta-
dned that part of the country extending • blishment of surnames, the head of tliis
(Vom the River Suir to the sea, and from' family took the surname of O'Conchobhair
Lismore to Credanhead, the eastern ex- (O'Coiior) of Gleanu Gemhin, which was
tremity of the present county of Wa- tlie name of that part of the vale of the
teiford. In the fifth century, Aenghus, River Roa (Roe), near the village of Dun
king of Munster, granted them the plain Gemhm (Dimgiven). This family was
of JIagh Feimhin, lying between Casliel dispossessed by the famil}' of O'Cathain
and Clomnel, in tlie present county of Tip- (O'Kanes), before the English invasion,
pcrary. See Keating, in the reign of Cor- and they are now all reduced to fanners
mac mac Airt, and O'Flaherty's Ogygiu, or cottiers,
part iii. c. 69. After the eatablislnnent of '" Comliarha. — This word is here used
surnames the chief families of tliis race , to denote heir or successor to property,
i
na 5-Cea]ic 5r
A tribute tliis for their territory, originally,
Noble is he who ordained it.
Not [on account] of ignobility in the vigorous hosts of the Deise,
But of the nobleness of the plain of Caiseal.
That is the tribute of Mumha, perpetual,
Until the end of time shall come,
Patrick, of this city over cities.
In the time of Core adjusted it THE EIGHT.
THESE ARE further the inculcations of Beneau, son of Sescnean,
the psalmist of Patrick. He was of the Cianachta' of Gleann Gemhin,
of the race of Tadhg, son of Cian of great Mumha (IMuustcr), i. e. that
the comharba™ of Caiseal is a general head of all, inasmuch as he is
the comharba of Patrick; and when the king of Caiseal is not king of
Eire, the government of the half of Eire is due to him, i. e. from Tigh
Duinn", in the west of Eire, to Ath Cliath (Dublin) of Leinster. The
hereditary' receivers of stipends and the attendants of the king of
Caiseal are the race of Breas^l Breac°, i. c. the Osraidhe. The Lein-
stermen are bound to come to attend the king of Caiseal any day in
battle, against ConnP or aliens.
The Gaill (foreigners) of Ath Cliath (Dublin)'', and the exiles in Eire
which is the true meaning of it when it of this Brcasal Breac, are descended the
is not applied to t!ic representatives of Osraidhe (i. e. ttie men of Ossor\'). See
saints or founders of churches. p. 17, note ^ supra.
" Tirih Duhui, i.e. the house of Domi. ^ .igabist Conn, i.e. against the dcsccn-
This name is ajipUed to three islands at dant of Conn of the Hunilred Battles, wlio
the mouth of the bay of Ceann Mara (Ken- v ere the dominant race in the novthorn
mare), now called the Cow, Bull, and Calf. lialf of Ireland.
Donn, the son of Mileadh (Milesius), is 'i The Gaill of .■IlliCltalli.l o.lhc'Sonh-
said to have been lost here when the Mile- men, 0.stnicn,&c., of Dublin. TI;e ftrst peo-
sian colony from Spain attempted to land pic to whom the Irisli applied the term were
on the coiistof Kerry, and hence, his spirit a colony of Galli from the coast of France,
having been believad to haunt the place who settled in Ireland, tauporc Lal)hra
where he was lost, the place received the Loingseach, A. M. 3(182. See O'Fla.
name of Tigh Duinn. See Keatiiig's His- O^/yi/ia, pjut iii. c. 139, p. 2('.2: and Keat-
torj- of Ireland (Ilaliday's edition), p. 2'.i2, ing, in the reigu of I^ibliraidh. It aftcr-
and O'l'lahcrty's Or/i/t/ia, part iii. c. IC. wards came to signify any invaders, but it
" Jlrcn.ial Hrrnc. — Fmrn Coiiiilii, the son wa* usually applied. I'cfore 1 172, to the
e2
52
Ceabhap
[ap ceanu] oulu laip i (5)-ceanD cacha ap (D)-cel^u6 a (b)-cip; -|
olijiD aipcib up coicpich 6 Chonbacraib. Ipecio Dno pop [p]uaip
pill cpopcuo oo naebaiB imbaiB i (D)-UeTfiaip, -\ piaoe pa" culach
chi^eopnaip do 6ai^niB co car t)poma tDeapjaioi, ap ip ano do
bach poppo a (5)-cuio do liia^ ITliDi conab^* Dileap cloinoi HeiU 6
pin ille.
Ipeab imoppo poo baibi plaich^^ Uecniipacli cpopcao paopaic
CO n-u ihuincep pop Cae^aipi mac He ill, ocup rpopcab TJuaoun
^vochpa mac Qengupa co na naebaiB GpinD pop tl)(h)iapmaio mac
Cepbaill, -] pop ceichpi ptnib na Ueumpach; -] po ^ellpab na naeib-
p\n nu biab reach i (b)-Ueai'haip 6 ^aej^atpe nd 6 pil Meill, co
m-beich 6 pil n-Qililla Ulaim.
Cpi pi^^ bno il-^eidi Oloja nach (D)-cup5naD cip do pij Caiptl
.1. pi^ OppaiDi 1 pi RaichleanD -] pt 6aca 6ein: De quibup 6enen mac
Sepcnean m pailm-ceaclaib [di;:ic]:
6GN6H — beanoachc pop in n-j^en,
DO pao-po a palcaip Caipil,
peancup each pij ip a pach
ip beach imch^ic rip TTIuman.
Ri Caipil, 'n-a**^ chmb op chach,
ipeab pil punn co ci in bpar,
Norwpglnns, &c., who first began to in-
fest the coasts of Irehind in the year 795.
See Dubhaltach Mac Firbisigh's genealogical
work (Lord Roden's copy), p. 364, and
i'o]gan^s Acta Sanctorum, p 603, n. 11.
1^ Border tribute, i. e. for preserving their
border from hostile encroachment.
' T/ie battle of Drviin Deargaidh
Accovdiiig to the Annals of the Four Mas-
ters, this battle was fought in the year 507,
between Fiacha, ;he son of Niall of the Nine
Hostages, ancestor of the family of Mac
Rochagain (Mageoghegans), and the Lein-
stermcn, Avhen the latter were defeated.
* Clann Neill, i. e. the descendants of
Niall of the Nine Hostages. After the csta-
blisliineut of surnames, the priucii)al fami-
lies of the southern IJi Neill (AV;jo/m
Nc'lli, as they are called liy Adannian,
P'ita Columbw, lib. i. c. 49), were tlie fol-
lowing, viz, O'Maoilsheach.Uiin (O'Melagh-
lin), Mac Catharnaigh, in later ages call-
ed Sionnach (i. e. Fox), Mac Eocliagaiii
(Mageoghegan), O'Maolnihuaidh (O'Mol-
loy), O'Coindhealbhain (O'Quinlan), O'Ce-
allaigh (O'Kelly) of IJreagh or Bregia, and
several others, who sunk into insignificance
soon after the English invasion.
" The fasting of Kuadhan of Lothair,
i. e. (by his name in Latin) St. Ilodanus,
tlie patron saint of Jjortha (Loiha), now
a small \inage in the barony of Lower
Orniond, Tipperary, and six miles to tlie
, north of Bni ris ikant; (rectc Burgheis Ua
ria 5-Cea|ir. 53
are bound to attend with liim into battle, i'or maintaining them in their
territory; and he is entitled to a border tribute"" from the men of Cun-
naclit. The cause that he obtained this was, that many saints had
fasted at Teamhair, which was the royal hill of the Leinstermen till
the battle of Druim Deargaidh*, when it passed away from them, and
their part of the plain of Midhe has been the lawful property of the Clanu
NeilP ever since.
The cause of the extinction of the regality of Teamhair was the
fasting of Patrick and his people against Laeghaire, the son of Niall,
and the fasting of Ruadhan of Lothair", the son of Aengus, with the
saints of Eire, against Diarmaid, son of Cearbhall, and against the Four
Tribes of Teamhair^ ; and these saints promised [i. e. predicted] that
there should not be: a house at Teamhair of the race of Laeghaire, or
of the seed of Niall, [but] that there should be of the race of Oiliull
Olum™.
There are three kings in Leath Mhogha, who do not render tribute
to the king of Caiseal, i.e. the king of Osraidhe, the king uf liaith-
leann, and the king of Loch Lein; concerning which Benean, the son
of Sescnean, the psahuist, said :
' "TJT
BENEAN — a blessing on tlie man, "'^
[Is he] who put this in the psalter of Caiseal,
The history of every king and his income, W
The best that walk the laud of Mumha.
The king of Caiseal, as head over all.
Is what is here [ordained] until the [day of] judgment,
C'atliain). For the whole story relating no autliority fur tliis promise or i)re<liolii>n
to the cursing of Tara, in oH?>,. hy this of the saints in any of tlie Lives of Saint
saint, see ftitrie's Anticjuities of Tara Hill, Patrick, or even in tiiat of Hoilanus, who
page 101. was himself of tiie race of Oilioll Ohun.
* The Four Tribes of Tara After the According to the genealogies of the saints,
f>tai)lisiimcnt of surnames these were the collected l>y the O'Cleriglis, St. Knadhan
families of U'li-Airt (O'llarts), O'liiagaiii Lothra was tlie son of Fearghus I$irii (not
(O'llegans), O'Cejillaigh ((_)"Kcllys) uf Aengus, lus above in the text), wiio was
lirragli, an<l OConghalaigh (( )'Comii>llys). son of Kochaidh, son of UcanUilili, son of
Scc'r.allic of Magh Katli. pp. I'. Id, and Daire Ccarlja. the ancestor of the family
■<ii/)rii, p. ;52, note '. of U'l)onnal>hain (()'l)onovHns\ and dn'
" f)('l/ic rai-r of' Oilinll fHitm. — 'lUiiii- fourth indexcnl fioni < lilinll Ohmi.
\
54 - Leabha]!
fuijell beanbacrari t)e tDuino,
alcoip pdbpaic meic Qlppainb*''.
Caipl, — bo chino op each cino
ace pdopaic, ip Rf na "Rino
aipo-pi in Dorhain, ip Tllac X)e, —
ace pin blea^aio a lino,
Qn can nach pt ap*^ 6pino am
aipD-pi Caipil CO n-a chain,
ip leip baili^^ eBip uill
6 Qch Cliach co cijib Dumb.
Ctp bileap bia blijeao be
fine dlamb"° Oppaibe,
uaip cucaiD a n-eapaic uin
DO pig Caipil CO n-a chain,
tDlijeao bo pi Cat^ean lonb
each^' ip cuipn co Caipil cpom,
op acup mbriiap cap muip
ipeob bleajap*'^ 6 CaijniB.
tDleagaib 6ai jin oula leo
1 n-ajaib ^all ppi jach gleo,
bia (b)-ci[a]pcap chucu, co^^ pip,
la pij Caipil a (5)-co|i bib.
Dlijib pein, pi Caipil chain,
cpi ceao n-eabach ap S(h)amain,
caeca each n-bub-^cpm n-oara,
, p6 coriiaip each ppfrii-chacha''^
Co peapaoap meic ip mna,
uaip ip 1 n-a leach ica;
"^ T/ic place, oj'yieat Eihhenr (Heber), slating (hat Iii'laiul was divided between
i. c. the southern half of Ireland. Sec Kcat- the two principal sons of Milcadh, " Here-
ing, reign of Eireamhon (Heromon). O'Fla- mon" and "Heber;" that " Ileber" go-
hc.rty {Orii/(/ia, part iii. cap. 17), quotes vcrned the soutli of Ireland, and that
rsalluir tia-Rrmn, as H work written by " Ilcrcnion" enjoyed the nortli, with the
Aeng5uis Ceile De, in tlie eighth eenlury, monarchy.
7ia 5-Cea]ic. 55
The consequence of the blessing of the Lord God,
[And] of the altar of Patrick, son of Alprann.
Caiseal, — uhich excels every head
Except Patrick, and the King of the Stars
The supreme-king of the world, aiid the Son of God, —
To these [alone] its homage is due.
AVlicn the supreme-king of Caiseal with his law
Is not king of noble Eire,
He owns the place of great Eibhear''
From Ath Cliath to Dunn's houses.
Subject to his rights therefore
[Are] the beauteous tribe of the Osraidlic,
For they were given as a noble eric''
To the king of Caiseal Avith his laAv.
Bound is the mighty king of Laighin [to render]
Steeds and drinking-horns to sloping Caiseal ;
(iold and riches [brought] across the sea'
Are what is due from the Lcinstermen.
'I'he Lcinstermen are bound to go with them [the Munstermeu]
Against the Gaill (foreigners) in every battle,
Should they [the foreigners] come to them, truly,
The king of Caiseal is bound to drive them out from them.
lie himself, the king of fair Caiseal, is entitled
To three hundred suits of raiment at Samhaiu [iVom Leinster],
To fifty steeds of dark-grey color
In preparation for every great Ijatlle.
And it is known to children and women,
For it is in their behalf this is;
* AVjc, a (inc. Sec in Iljinis's r.dliioii vol. i. )>. .'JSO), says " it may be «-oiu'lii(li'(I,_
ol' Warc'H Aiitifjuitic.-, vol. ii. c. 11, p. 7(i, fmin tiic (jiiality of some of the sulisitliary
III'' oli.scrvation.s re.specting " crie." presents maile l>j' llio kin^; i)f Miiw-ler li>
' Jlroiiy/it across the sea, I. c iinpnrl'il. liis tdiieftains, tlial a •furi'ijj;ii liailr ati'l
Pi. < I'liiii 11, in lii^ Dissertations on lln' commerce was carried I'li in Ireliiinl in
l.an- "I' I he Ancient Irisli (Vail. Coll'ii. those day.s."
56
Ceabliap
blijeab do each pi^ lap pn,
ap a (D)-celcaD 'n-a (D)-cipib*''.
Qn can pa ploach ppip Ceach
inopi nioipi mac TTlileaD,
olijib cam Connacc, cean cleich,
ap a (&)-cel5a6 'n-a (D)-cpean CeidV
Qpeab in blijeao*^, — m 56, ■
caeca Dam ip^^ caeca bo,
caeca each ip ampa q (b)-paill®,
ceac m-bpac Do bpacaib UrhuiU.
O pa chpaipceaDop na natm
pop C(h)eampai^ pochlaca, paip,
DO piachc DO pi Caipil chpuinD
beannacc pdcpaic'" mic Qlppaino.
Hi bia reach 1 (D)-UeaTripai6 Pail, —
51D mop an oil o'lnip pail, —
ic Caijin, nach ac pil CumD,
CO n-oeapncap la cloino n-lulaim^'.
C16 maich m peanchap popp Du,
ni leapaijcheap pe laijnu'i;
,66
* Entitled to the tribute of Connacht,
i. e. when Leath Cliumu, or the northern half
of Ireland, is at peace with the king of
Caiseal, the latter is entitled to receive
tribute from the chiefs of Connacht.
i* Umhall, a territory in the county of
Mayo, comprising the baronies of "Bur-
rishoole" and "Murresk." These two ter-
ritories are usually called "The Owles,"
hy English writers, from their pronuncia-
tion of Umhall, viz., Oo-al. After the
establishment of surnames, the chief family
of Umhall took the surname of O'Maille,
not from the territory, as is supposed by
some modern writers, but from an ancestor
Maille. See further as to Umhal and the
clann mhaille, in the Ui Fkiachrach,
p. 43, note ', and p. 181, notes', i.
<= T/ie blessing of Patrick — The writer
says, that after the cursing of Teamhair,
the blessing of St. Patrick was transferred
to Caiseal, Avhich had never been cursed.
He next insinuates that the race of Conn
would not be worthy to re-erect Team-
hair, and consequently that the race of
Olioll Olum, who Avould one day restore the
royal scat, would become the dominant
family of Ireland ; but this has not been
cranted, as the southern annalists do not
even iiretend to have had any monarch
na 5-Cea]ic. o7
Every othur king is boxind to pay in like Huuiuer
For niaiutaiiiing them in their territory.
"When at peace with him is the Half
Of the great island of the sons of INIileadh,
He is entitled to the tribute of Conuacht"*, without concealmeiA,
For maintaining them in their great Half [i. e. in Leath Chuinn],
"What they owe is, — [it is] no falsehood,
Fifty oxen and fifty cows,
Fifty steeds, costly their bridles,
A hundred cloaks of the cloaks of UmhalP.
Since the saints fasted
Against the renowned, noble Teamhair.
To the king of Toxmd Caiseal has come
The blessing of Patrick^ son of Alprann.
There shall not be a house at.Teamhair of Fal, —
Though great the reproach'* to Inis Fail^, —
With the Lcinstermen, or the race of Conn,
Until erected by the race of Olum'^.
Though good the 4iistory on which I am [engaged].
It is not taught by the Leinstermen ;
of the race of Olioll Olum after the pe- have been derived from the Lia Fail. See
nod of the ciir.siiig, except Fcidhlim Mac Keatin<^' (llaliday's edition), p. 11 6; also
Crionihthaiiin and the renowned Ikian Petrie'.s Anticpiitios <>!' Taia Hill, i>. 135.
Borumha. ' Till thei/ are erected hij the race oj
'' At Teamhair of Fal, 1 D-CeoriipniD Olum, i. o., by the race of Olioll Olum, who
puil ; »f) called from its havinj; the Lia were at that period the dominant family
Fail, which wa.s i)reser\-ed theri;. Thisha.s of Munster. This prophecy has not lucn
been translated " Stone of Fate," or " Des- fulfilled, but it is veiy likely that it amis
liny," on what authority deserv&s inquiry. fjcnerallr believed, in the time of Fcididim
The same word here rhymes or corresponds Mac Crinmhthainn, kinp of Cai.scal, that
with itself in the same sense in this and (he the southern ra<r wnuld remove St. Kiiadli
succeeding line. See p. 39, n. J. an's rursf, :ind n-creet Teamhair, an<l the
•■ Inis Fail This was one of the an- .■•ame ojiiniou may have prevailed durinj;
rieni names of Ireland, and it is said to .the rei','n cf Ibian ncriinilia.
58
Ceabhap
, ni coiriiecap pe Ceach Cuino,
feanchup QiliUa Uluim.
Coimeopao-pa \ (5)-Caipil chdio
po pimchap a n-imapbdio
DO choiceaD paiV^ puno pop leach,
ip a rupgnorii ap aen leach"\
Ip h-e in reach pin TTluTini mop,
ip e in od chuiceao m ploj;
ip a mumain min, meaD geall,
ip cdip dpb-plaichiup 6peann.
. l^ob be ich ip meap ip maich
u niuiTiain min co meo paid);
miD ip cuipn ip cuipm ip ceol ,
bo peapaib ITIuman ip eol.
Pil rpi pija a'^ mumain moip,
a (5)-cdin DO Chaipil ni coip,
pf ^abpdn, nd jabchap jeill,
pi TJaichleanD, pi 6acha Cem.
" Jt is not preserved by heath ClLidnn,
i. e. by the inhabitants of the northern half
of Ireland. From these lines it is quite
evident that the kings of tlie northern or
southern Ui NeUl, or those of Leinster, did
not aclcnowledge the claim of the race of
(Jlioll Oliun to the sovereignty of Ire-
land. Indeed, it appears that the contro-
versy which took place between the bards of
Ireland respecting the claims of the north-
ern and southeni Irish kings to supremacy
and renown, about the beginning of the
seventeenth centmy (when tliey ^^•erc l)otli
prostrate), was but a continuation of dis-
putes which had existed among them from
the earliest ages,. To sustain their argu-
jnijnts the Munster writers circulated va-
rious stories about (he braverv ol' Iheir
kings, such as Toraidheacht Cheallachaiu
Chaisil, and other exaggerated tracts ; but
these, though used to support tlie bardic
disputes, as if thej^ were genuine histoi'y,
must now be submitted to a sterner histo-
ric test than appears to have been applied
to them at that time. It would appear
from Irish history that the northerns were
generally niore powerful (excepting only
during the time of Brian ^Borumha), for
thej' defeated the southerns in most of the
great battles that liad taken jilace between
them, from tlie battle of JMagh Leana
(fought A. D. 192), in which Conn of
the Hundred Battles defeated Eoghan ]Moi-.
the father of Olioll Olum, to the battle of
Bealach Mughna (in 008), wlierc I'Lum
8ionna defeated C'^ninac j\Iac Cuilleanain.
na 5-Cea|ic
59
It is not preserved by Leath ChuiimS,
The history of Oilioll Oluni.
I shall preserve at sacred Caiseal
All that is claimed in the controversy
For the province in which this [palace] is exclusively,
And it shall be collected into one house.
That is the house-^ great Mumha (Munster),
Those two jirovinces are the host ;
It is in smooth INIumha, highly prized,
That the supreme-sovereignty of Eire ought to be.
There are corn and fruit*' and goodness
In smooth Muniha of much prosperity ;
Mead and drinking-horns and ale and music
To the men of Mumha are known.
There are three kings in great Mumha,
Whose tribute to Caiseal is not due,
The king of Gabhran', whose hostages are not to be seized on,^
The king of Raithleann'', the king of Loch Leiu'.
Ill the year 1185 the comparative warlike
tliaracteristics of those rival races of Leath
JIhogha and Leath C'huinii -were deseribed
;U5 fuUows, in the partizan language of
(tiraldus Cambrensis, who held both in
abhorrence: "Sicnt ergo Borealis Iliber-
niiC belliea : sic semper Australi.s gens sub-
dola. Ilia laudis, ha;c fraudis cupida. Ilhi
Martis, ha;c artis ope confisa. Ilia viribus
nititur, hicc versutiis. Ilia pra;lii.-', haec
pii)(lilioiiibiis." — ////). Ha-p. lib. ii. c. IS.
'' There are corn and fruit, ffc, i.e. Cai-
^( al, which was blessed by St. Patrick, and
which is the p;ilace of a righteous king
entitled to the monarchy of Ireland, is the
suiircc and fuiinlain of all prosperity, hak,
and aflhiencc to the men of Mnnsler.
' 7Vi< /<l»ii nf finbhran, i. v. of O.sniidiie
QOssory); vide supra, p. 17, n. ^, p. 4U, ii. '.
'' The hint/ of Ruithleann This was
the name of the .sent of O'Maghthamliiia
(O'Mahony), who, according to O'h-Uidli-
rin, was chief of the Cineal m-Bece, whose
territory extended on both sides of tlic
river Bandain (ISaiidon). His territory was
erected into tlic barony of " Kiuehncuky."
In later ages a sept of the same tribe set-
tled in Corca Lnighe, O'Driscoll's coun-
try, wJiere they became masters of the
district called Fonn lartliaraeli, or the
western land, which coniprised the parishes
of " Kilinoe," " Scool," " Kilcrobano,"
" Durris,'' " Kibiiacoiioge,'' and " (.'ahe-
r;i^;h," in (be sniilli-ui>t nfthi' comity of
Cork.
' 'I'hi kiiiii 111 I och J.iiii. — I'hc tnU'irnl
60 ' _ teabliap
Ho ppich 1 palcaip t)e Dein,
feach ni chuiUeao''* ni Oeibel,
6 Inic CO Cdipc, — ni chel,
a (5)-Cuipil po bai 6enenn,
t)al Caip ni pobao il-lean,
po jaBfub pe ppaip pip-en
bo pab CO h-ilap6a, cpean,
ngeapna 'c-d m-bai in 6etiean, . . . [6eNeaN].
Ceapaijeab Sealbach [po] in pai,
acup Qenjup, ap aen cal,
pochap rriurhan, map at> beap,
arhail po pacaib''^ 6enean 6[eHeaN].
CJSQ murhan ap meaoon Beop anb po bo Chaipil, acup ip each
bliaona bo betipap .i. pmachc i biachab -| cupgnuih" -| paeparh.
Cpi ceac mapr cheabamup a IDupcpaibi, -] cpi ceab cope acup
cpi ceab bo, [no ceab bpac acup ceao bo].
Cpi ceao cope i cpi ceab leano ^ ceao luljach 6 Uairhnib
anb pin. /
Ceac bo -| cpicha cope i cpicha mapc -| cpicha bpoc a h-Qpaib
inb pm.
Seapcac barn -| peapcac mole -| peapcac bo 6'n c-Seachcmab
[ann]pin.
Caeca bo -] caeca bam i caeca mapc 6 h-Opbpai6ib inn pinn.
Cpi chaeca barn, cpi chaeca luljach 6 0(h)aippine beop'^
Cpicha bo 1 cpicha bam -| cpicha bpac 6 Copco Duibne.
[S6 ceab bo, pe ceab oarh, pe ceao cpanab a Ciappaibi],
Seachc (5)-ceac bpac, peace (5)-ceac mole, peachc (5)-cecic
bo, peachc (5)-ceac epdnao 6 Chopco 6aipcinb.
iliiefs who were aated at Loch Lein were reduced these aji4 other families of the race
of the family of O'Cearbhoill (O'Carrolls,) of Conaire Mor, and erected a new terri-
of the race of Aedh Beannan, king of tory, to whitli was given the name of
Munster ; but the family of O'Donnchadha Eoghanacht Loeha Lein, aud afterwards
(O'Donohoes), wlio were originally seated Eoghanacht Ui Donnchadha, anglicized
in the jilain of Caiseal, settled at Loch Lein Onagh-LDonohoe. ,
(thcLakeof Killanicy), and fli^possessed or '" Scalhhiich the aapr He was a Mim-
t
na 5-Ceapr. HI
Tliere was found in the psalter of the God of Purity, '
It was neither more nor less, ,
That from Shrovetide to Easter, — I shall, not conceal it,
At Caiseal Benean remained.
The Dal Chais were not in grief,
They followed a host of holy men
Given to them copiously, mightily.
By the lord with whom Beneau was BENEATs".
Let Sealbhach the sage™ preserve.
And Aenghus", in the same manner,
The privileges of jMumha, as I say.
As Beuean left [them] BENEAN.
THE TRIBUTES of Mumha in general further here to Caiseal, and
it is every year they are rendered, i. e., submission and refection and
attendance and provision.
In the first place, three hundi-ed beeves from the Muscraidhe, and
three hundred hogs and three hundred cows, or a hundred cloaks and
a hundred cows.
Three hundred hogs and three hundred mantles and a hundred
milch-coAvs from the men of Uaithne.
A hundred cows and thirty hogs and thirty beeves and thirty
cloaks from the men of Ara.
Sixty oxen and sixty wethers and sixty cows from the Seachtmhadh.
Fifty cows and fifty oxen and fifty beeves from the Orbhraidhe
(Orrery).
Three times fifty oxen, three times fifty milch-cows from the Daix'-
fhinc moreover.
Thirty cows and thirty oxen and ' thirty cloaks from Corca
Dhuililiue.
Six hundred cows, six hundred oxen, six hundred sows from the
Ciarraidhe.
Seven hundred cloaks, seven hundred wethers, seven hundred cows,
seven hundred sows from Corca Bhaiscinn.
stcr poet who was contemporarj' witli the See O'Reilly's Irish writers, p. 61.
famous Cormac Mac CulUeanain, king of " At-nyhus Sec the IntroducUcn, luid
Mumha (Munster), and Bishop of Caiseal. p. 5.3, note".
62 Ceabhap
Ceo caepach i ceac cpdnab -) oeich (5)-ceac barn i oeich
(5)-ceac bpac^^ 6 C(li)opcampuaD.
mtli Dam -| mill caepach -\ m^li bpac -| mill luljach 6 »ia t)epiB.
Ceo bo a h-Opbpaioi -| ceac bpac pinb i ceac cpdnab.
NJ tcaio ©ojanacc nach cfp, dp^° ip leo na peapinba po^naib'
Caipil^', Ni icaib clanba Caip, no Raiclilinb^-, no a ^leanb Qitiain,
no a f-ochaib 6ein, no a h-Uib pijinnci, no a h-Qine Cliach; conao
aipi-pm ao beapc in bctp buaoa 6enen m buain®^:
CIS CaiSl6 in cualabaip
" o'a" cupaib 6 chach?
a (b)ui6ni 'c-d m-buan-pdjail
each bliabain co bpdch*^
Cpl ceac mapc a rPupcpaibi
op jupc, — nocho 56,
cpi ceac cope, nach cupcbuibi,
ceac bpac ip ceac bo.
Upf ch^c cope 6 Uaichnib^^
bo Chaipiul can choll;
cpi ceac leanb, ip Idn- puaichnij,
la ceac luljach lono.
Upicha cope nd copjabaib,
cpicha mapc ip mop,
cpicha bpac 6 bopbXfpaib,
ceac n-og-bo oia n-6l.
Seapca oam ppi bdij-peaehcmam,
peapca copp-iiiolc ciap,
peapca jlan bo 6''n jlan'c-Seachcrhao
00 Chaipil na c.liap.
"^he tribute of Caiseal.—The tributes these for the support of his household, and
here mentioned are different from those also of his troops, in time of war.
mentioned in the first poem. The first f> Muscraidhe Sec p. 42, note P, supra.
.were, probably, for the support of the 1 Uaithne. — See p. 45, note ", supra.
king's household in time of peace; and ^ Ara Seep. 46, note •'', sjyjra.
na 5-Ceapr. 63
A hundred sheep and a hundred sows and ten hundred oxen and
ten hundred cloaks from Corcamruadh.
A thousand oxen and a thousand sheep and a thousand cloaks
and a thousand milch-cows from the Deise.
A hundred cows from the Orbhraidhe, and a hundred white cloaks,
and a himdred sows.
The Eoghanachts pay no tribute, for theirs are the lands which
serve Caiseal. The Clanna Chais, or [the people] of Raithleann, or of
Gleann Amhain, or of Locha Lein, or of the Ui Fhighinnte, or of Aine
Cliach, pay no tribute; concerning which the highly-gifted son, Benean,
composed this poem :
THE TRIBUTE OF CAISEAL" have ye heard TV
For its heroes from all? ^. hi'iflif*-
Its troops constantly receive them -' J^ ' , . , '/(^/'st
Every year for ever. c^UiMy ^'^'^ "J '
Three hundred beeves from the MuscraidhcP c( f 7^''
On the field, — 'tis no falsehood.
Three hundred hogs, not fit for journeying,
A hundred cloaks and a hundred cows.
Three hundred hogs from the men of Uaithne"
To Caiseal without failure ;
Three hundred mantles, all variegated,
"With a hundred strong milch-cows.
Thirty hogs which arc not able to rise,
Thirty beeves which are large.
Thirty cloaks from the fierce men of Ara"",
A hundred young cows for [the sake of] drinking [thfir milk].
Sixty oxen for a good week's [feast],
Sixty smooth black wethers,
Sixty fine cows from the fine Seachtmhadh*
For Caiseal of the companies.
« Srachlm/iudh. — Scc p. 10, note', .t»;y»(7. are mrntioncd in an order in this, diftlront
Ik-rc it will 1.1- oliservifd that the tcnildrii's from that ust-d in thu first pocui.
64
Ceabhap
Caeca'ori^bo a h-Opbpai6i,
caeca mapc pia*^ meap,
caeca oarii can oobbuioi
DO Chaipil cean cheap.
Upi cheo bam 6 t)(h)aippine,
^ 6'n baim-pea o'a D-(c)op,
pe ceac lul^ach, Idn buibi®'*,
6 clanGoib TTlec-con.
Cpicha cap bpac, ceac-(p)uaici^'^,
ip copcaip nop^" cum,
cpica Daj bo a tDuibneachaib,
rpica Dam a tDpumg^'.
Seachc (5)-ceac cpain^^ a Ciappaibi,
peachc (5)-ceac bo, — ni bpeaj,
peachc (5)-ceac oarh a biam-ooipib'
DO Chaipil na (^)-cear.
Seachc (5)-ceac bpac 6 6(h)aipcneachaib,
peachc (5)-ceac mole, nach mael,
peachc (5)-ceac bo 6^* baip-ceachaib,
peachc (3)-ceac cpain^*, nach cael.
tDleajap a cpich CopcampuaD,
ceac caepach, ceac cpan,
Deich (5)-ceac Dam a oonn 6oipinD,
mill bpac, nach ban.
,93
' Orbhraidhe, OpbpOlDe in the text,
but always now Opbpaioe, and anglice
Orrery, a barony in tlie north-west of the
county of Cork. The tribe who gave their
name to this territory were descended from
Fereidheaoh, the son of Fearghus, king of
Uladh (Ulster), in the first century. See
O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 46. This
territory is not mentioned in the first poem.
" Dairfhine — This was one of the tribe-
names of the family of O'h-Eidirsceoil
(O'DriscolIs), and their correlatives, who
possessed a territory co-extensive with the
diocese of " Ross," in the south-west of the
county of Cork. In the first poem they
are called Corca Luighe. See p. 46, note *,
supra.
'^Mac-con. — He was Lughaidh Mac-con,
who became monarch of Ireland in the
year 250. He was the head of the Corca
na s-Ceapr. G5
Fifty fine cows from the OrbhraidheS
Fifty beeves to be estimated.
Fifty oxen without staggering,
To Caiseal without sorrow.
Three hundred oxen from Dairfhine"
From this sept to their lord,
Six hundred milch-cows, right good,
From the septs of Mac-con'.
4
Thirty napped cloaks with the first sewing
Wliich are trimmed Avith purple ;
Thirty good cows from the men of Duibhneach'*,
Thirty oxen from Drung.
Seven hundred sows from the Ciarraidhe'^, '
Seven hundred cows, — no falsehood ;
Seven hundred oxen from the gloomy oak forests,
From Caiseal of the hundreds.
Seven hundred cloaks from the men of Baiscneach'^,
Seven hundred wethers, not hornless.
Seven hundred cows from their cowsheds,
Seven hundred sows, not slender.
There are due from the country of Corcumruadh''
A hundred sheep, a hundred sows,
Ten hundred oxen from brown Boirinn,
A thousand cloaks, not white.
Luighe or Dairfhine, and the ancestor of century. The countiy of Corcumruadh,
(J"h-Kidirsccoil. Sec* hist note. as can be proved from various authorities,
"* Dnih/iiicach, i.e. from thcC'orcalJuilili was co-e,x.tensive with the diocese of" Kil-
nc in Kerry. See p. 47, note "", sitpra. fenora," and compri«cd tlie present baronieT
" Ciarraidhe See p. 48, note f, supra. of " Corcomroe" and " Barren," in the
y Baisrncach Sec p. 48, note S, supra. county of Clare. After tlie establisliment
• Corcumruadh., i.e. the descendants of surnames, the two chieftains and rival
of Modh Kuadb, the tiiird son of Fearghus, faniilies of this race tool* the surnanies of
detlironed king of Ulster, by Meadhbh 0'Conchobhair(0'Conor),and O'Lochiainn
(Mauda), (pieen of Connacht in tlu' first (O'Loughlin), and in course of time divided
F
G(j
Ceabhaji
t)eich (^)-ceac Dam a t)ei]-'eachaiB,
m^li caepach caeiiri,
mill bpac CO m-bdn chopaip,
mill bo ap m-bpeich lae^.
Cec 6 peapaib OpBpaioi
DO buaib beapchap do;
ceac bpac pmo co pino Chaipil,
ceac cpdnao ppi°^ cpo.
Mt DO oleajap* Do ©ojganaccjcip
I na bep co bpap,
ap ip lep na peapinoa
pojnaiD* Caipil cap.
[Ni dIij du clannaib Caip
cip Caipil na (5)-cuan;
nt dIijj a ^lenn Qmain,
naca Rairlinn puao.]
Hi oleaj^ap^ 6 laechaib ?.ein
nach a ^abaip jaipj,
nt Dleaj5ap d' (U)ib Pioinci
nacha a Ii-Qine uipo.
the territory equally between them, O'Co-
nor, the senior, retaining the western por-
tion, which still retains the original name,
and O'Lochlainn the eastern portion, which
from its rocky surface is called Boirinn
( Anglice Burren, or Burrin). The territoiy
of Corcumruadh is omitted in the first
poein, but it is probable that Boirinn is sub-
stituted for it, in the same way as Dairbhre
is put for Corca Dhuiblme.
* Deise See p. 49, note ■<, suprh.
^ Orbhraidhe, already mentioned in this
poem, p. 64, note ', supra.
<= T/ie Eoghanqchts. — These w^e the
descendants of Eoghan Mor, the eldest sou
of Oilioll Olum, and ancestor of the fiimily
of Mac Carthaigh (jMac Carthj^s) and their
correlatives, in south Munster. See O'Fla-
herty's Ogygia^ p. iii. c. 67. Dr. O'Brien
(Vail. Collect, p. 384), says that " all the
tribes descended from Oilioll Olum by his
three sons, Eoghan Mor, Connac Gas, and
Cian, were considered as free states, ex-
empted from the pajnnent of annual tribute
for the supjjort of the king's household."
•^ That serve Caiseal, i. e. that supply
forces to assist the king in his wars at their
own expense.
^ Heroes of Lciii, i. c. of Loch Lein
(Lake of Killarney).
na 5-Cea|ir. G7
Ten hundred oxen from the Deise*,
' A thoiisand fine sheep,
A thousand cloaks with white borders,
A thousand cows after calving.
A hundred from the men of the Orbhraidhe''
Of cows are given to him ;
A hundred white cloaks to fair Caiseal,
A hundred sows for the sty.
;
I
The Eoghanachts'= owe to himjno tribute •
Nor ciistom readily, '
For to them belong the lands
Which serve fair Caiseal"*.
The clann of Cas are not liable
To the tribute of Caiseal of the companies ;
It is not due from Gleann Amhain
Nor from red Raithlinn.
No tribute is due of the heroes of Lein^
Nor of the fierce Gabhair'' :
r^o tribute is due of the Ui Fidhgheinte^
Nor of the noble Aine''.
f
f Gahhair, i. o. of Gabhran. See p. 40, nobhain (AuliiTc O'Donovan) was seated
iifite '. supra. in Cairbre in the county of Cork, having
K The Ui Fidhgheinte The people wlio a few years before effected a settlement
bore this appellation possessed that portion there among the tribe of 0' h-Eidir-
of the county of Limerick lying to the west sceoil (O'Diiscolls) by force of arms. The.se
of the Kiver Maigh (Slaigue), besides tlie people were cxemjit from tril)ute as l>euig
barony of " Coslnna" in the same county. tlie seniors of the " Eugenian" liin', being
111 the time of Mathghamhain (Mahon), descended from Daire Cearha, the grand-
king of Muaster, and his brother Brian father of the great monarch Crionilithann
Boruniha, Donnobhan (Donovan), the pro- Mor JMac Fidhaigh. See O'Kluhi ity's
genitor of tli(< family of O'Donovan, was Ogijgia, \)\>. 380, 381, and Cath Mluiighe
calle<l king of this territory, but his race ^ Rath, pp. 338-340, note f.
wore driven from the.'<e plains by the Fitz- " Aine, i. e. of Eoghana<ht Aine, situate
geralds, P.iirkes, and O'Rriftns, a few years around " Knockany", Li:nt rick, the chief
anterior to 12ol, wlii'ii Anddaoibli O Don- of wliich was (VCiannhaic (Kiriiy).
F 2
68 LeabTiaji
Sochap maipeacli niopX^hatpil
inearhpaTD leac cac mfp;
ni muc ctp bemb niuriiaine
nech CO cainjne cip.* CIS.
ITIipi 6enen binopoclach,
bap buaoa map bip,
puapjp, a cpeib injjancai j,
DO Chaipil a chip CfS CQISlf..
CL1QRQ8UCQ pi^ Caipil do pijaib a chuach :
Q leaclctrh cheaoup, acup oejch n-eich acup oeich n-eppij^acup
Da palaij acup du pichhcill do pij t)uil Caip; acup copach laip a
(3)-cpich anechcaip, acup lope lap (5)-cach.
. t)e)ch n-eich acup oeich (5)-cuipn acup oeich (5)-clai6ib acup
beich pceic acup oeicli pcinji acup oct pdlaij acup od piclichill do
pi^ ^abpdin ino pin.
tDeich n-eich acup oeich mobaij acup oeich mna acup oeich
(5)-cuipn DO pij Gojanacc m can nach pt Caipil.
Ochc moDUiD acup occ mnd acup ochc (5)-clai6im acup ochc
n-jabpa acup ochc pceirh acup oeich lonja do pij na (n)-Oepi.
Coic eich acup coic macail acup cuic cuipnn acup cuic claibirh
do pij h-Lla ^lachdin.
tDeich n-eic acup oeich (5)-cuipn acup Deich pceich acup oeich
(5)-clai6ib acup oeich luipeacha do pij Raichleano.
Seachc n-eich acup peachc n-maip acup peace (5)-coin acup
pechc luipeacha do pij^ niupcpaiDi.
Seachc (jj-claibirh' acup peachc (5)-cuipn acup peachc luip-
eacha acup pechc lonja acup pechc n-eich do pij t)aippine.
Seachc (5)-coin acup peace n-eich acup peachc (5)-cuipn do pij
t)aippine in c-(p)leibi.
Seachc n-eich acup peachc (5)-cuipn acup peachc (5)-clai6ib
acup peace pceich acup peaclic (5)-coin do pi Cacha Cem.
Seachc mnd acup peachc macail co n-6p, acup peachc (jj)-cuipn
acup pechc n-eich do pij Ciappaioi ^,uachpa.
Seaclic n-eich acup pechc pceich acup pechc (5)-claiDib acup
pechc lonja acup pechc luipeacha do pi ^eimi in Chon.
.1
ria s-Ceajir. 69
The goodly income of great Caiseal
Remember thou every month;
No one is a sou on the lap of Mumha
Until he exacts tribute THE TKIBUTE.
I am Benean the sweet-worded,
Gifted son as I was,
1 have discovered, oh wonderful tribe.
For Caiseal its tribute THE TRIBUTE OF CAISEAL.
THE STIPENDS of the king of Caiseal to the kings of his terri-
tories :
A seat by his side in the first place, and ten steeds and ten dresses
and two rings and two chess-boards to the king of Dal Chais ; and to go
with him in the van to an external country, and follow in the rear of
all on his return.
Ten steeds and ten drinking-horns and ten swords and ten Shields and
ten scings and two rings and two chess-boards to the king of Gabhran.
Ten steeds and ten bondmen and ten women and ten drinking-horns
to the king of the Eoghanachts when he is not king of Caiseal.
Eight bondmen and eight women and eight swords and eight horses
and eight shields and ten ships to the king of the Deise.
Five steeds and five matals and five drinking-horns and five swords-
to the king of Ui Liathain.
Ten steeds and ten drinking-horns and ten shields and ten swords
and ten coats of mail to the king of Raithlinn.
Seven steeds and seven tunics and seven hounds and seven coats
of mail to the king of the INIuscraidhe.
Seven swords and seven drinking-horns and seven coats of mail
and seven ships and seven steeds to the king of Dairfhine.
Seven hounds and seven steeds and seven drinking-horns to the
king of Dairfhine of the mountain. '
Seven steeds and seven drinking-horns and seven swords and seven
shields and seven hoixnds to the king of Loch Loin.
Seven women and seven matals [trinnued] with g<ii<l, and sevi'u
driijking-horiis and seven steeds to the king of the Ciarraidhe Luaclua.
Seven steeds and seven shields and seven swords and seven ships
and seven coats of mail to the king of Leini iia Con.
70
Ceabhap
Deich n-eich do pi j h-Ua ConctiU ^abpa, acup oeich pceich acuf
oeich (5)-cluiDib acuy oeicb (5)-cu)pn; acup gan giallu uao ace
liiju p6 IdiiTi pij Cctipil.
Sechc n-eich do pi^ h-Ua Caipppi, acuppeachc (5)-cuipnD acup
peachc (5)-claiDim acup pechc n-gilla acup peachc mojaioh.
Ochc (5)-cuipnn do chupaio Clioch, acup ochc (5)-claiDiTTi acup
ochc n-eich, du pdlai^ acup bd pichchill.
Seachc n-eich acup peachc (5)-cuipnn acup pechc pceich acup
pechc (5)-claiDiTii do pij l^^^^t^^'^ Qrhnach.
Ochc n-eich acup ochc (5)-claiDirh acup ochc (5)-cuipn, la
^pdbaib placha acup dipo-pi j, do pij^ na n-Uaichni.
Ochc n-eich do pij 6ili, ochc pceich acup ochc (5)-clai6im acup.
ochc (5)-cuipn acup ochc luipeacha.
Ice pin cuapipcal na pij, aiiiail ao peo m pili, .1. 6enen :
a eocai^ mumaH moipi,
nidpao cuniineach canoine,
eipij, ip leapaij 'n-a chij
ceapc pij Caipil 6 chpichaiB.
Uopach laip i (D)-cip n-aili
la pi tDdl Caip — nt ceile ;
lop5 na pij tDdil Caip in ceoil,
ic caioeacc 1 cpfch n-aineoil.
Oeich n-eich do pij ^abpdin juipm
6 pij t)dla, acup beich (5)-cuipn,
oeich (5)-cluiDirTi, oeich pceich, oeich pcing,
od pdlai^ ip od pichchill.
i The first until him, i. e. to lead the van.
J Bal Chuis, i. f. the tamilies of O'Briaiii
(O'Briens), M-c Maghthamlina (MacMa-
hons), Mac Conmara (Mac Namara),
<:)'Deaghaidh (O'Deas), O'Cuinn(O'Qiuns),
and their convlativos in the coimty of Clare.
^ King of Gahhran — See p. 40, note '.
' Tenscings Sging, "part of the trap-
[lings of a horse." — O'Reilly's Ir. Diet.
'" Two rings and two chess-boards
Dr. O'Brien renders tliis " two cloaks and
two suits of military ai'ray" (^Colleetan. p.
375) ; and in his Irish Dictionary he ex-
plains Fithchecd, " a full or complete ar-
mour, consisting of corslet, helmet, shield,
buckler, and boots," &c. But this meaning
of the word seems drawn merely from the
stores of his o^\•n imagination, as it never
na 5-Ceapr. 71
Ten steeds to the kiug of Ui Chonaill Gliabhra, and ten shields and
ten swords and ten drinking-horns; and no hostage [is asked] from
him except to swear by the hand of the king of Caiseah
Seven steeds to the king of Ui Chairbre, and seven drinking-horns
and, seven swords and seven serving-youths and seven bondmen.
Eight drinking-horns to the liero [king] of Cliach, and eight swords
and eight steeds, two rings and two chess-boards.
Seven steeds and seven drinking-horns and seven shields and seven
swords to the king of Gleann Anihnach,
Eight steeds and eight swords and eight drinking-horns, with the
office [of chief officer of trust] of a sovereign and monarch, to the king
of the men of Uaithne.
Eight steeds to the king of Eile, eight shields 'and eight swords
and eight drinking-horns and eight coats of mail.
Such are the stipends of the kings, as the poet said, i.e. Benean:
YE LEARNED OF MUMHA the great,
If ye are mindful of the canon.
Arise, and proclaim in his house /
Tlie right of the king of Caiseal from his territories.
The first with him' into another country
Belongs to the king of Dal ChaisJ — I will not conceal it;
To take the rear of the king belongs to the Dal Chais of music,
On coming from a strange laud.
Ten steeds to the king of blue Gabhran"*
From the king of Dala, and ten drinking-horns,
Ten swords, ten shields, ten scings',
Two rings and two chess-boards™.
Imrc any moaning among the ancient or moaning for F'CceaU, niunoly, a "jihi-
inodorn Irisli, but a dioss-lMiard of a qua- lo.soiilier," a moaning wliioh he inferred
ilrangular form, marked wth lilaik and from Conuac's eonjectural derivation of tiie
wliite siM>t9. See Cormac's Glossary, i« tonii, wiiich states that tiie Waek and white
voce. O'Reilly, who copies O'Brien fer- sjKits on tlie board luul a mystical signi-
/;rt/im in too many' of his explanations, has lication. — See the passage from C«)rmac,
avoided this, but he gives us an aiMiti'^naJ lited p. ^!), note ", supra.
V
72
Leabhap
t)eich mo6ai6, oeich mna mopa
acup beich (5)-cuipn chorhola,
menib leip Caipil nu (5)-cachc,
oeich n-eicli t)0 pij Gojunacc.
Ochr mobaiD, ochc mna Donoa
DO pi j t)epi, ip oeich longa,
ochc pceich, ochc (5)-clai6irii pe juin,
ip ochr n-jabpa cap ^lap-rhuip.
Cuic eich, cuic macail co n-6p,
acup cuic cuipn pe coiiiol,
cuic claioim pe cop each dip
DO pij laechoa h-Lla 6iachdin.
Oeich n-eich do pi^ Raichleano pviaio,
Deich (5)-cuipn 6 pij Caipil chpuaio.
" Ten hums, ^c. — Dr. O'Brien trans-
lates this "ten golden cups," but "golden"
is added by himself.
" Unless Caiseal belong to him, i. e.
when the king of Caiseal was of the Dal
Chais. According to theWillof Oilioll Oluni,
the kings of Caiseal were to be alternately
elected from the descendants of his sous,
Eoghan Mor and Cormac Cas. In the early
ages the stock of Mac Carthaigh (the Mac
Carthys), O'Ceallachain (the O'Callagh-
ans), and O'Donuchadha (the O'Dono-
iioes), were the chiefs of Eoghanaclit
Chaisil; btit immediately before the Eng-
lish invasion the tribe of Mac Carthaigh
were b}' far the most powerful of idl the
Eo|fhanachts. P.-. O'Brien says that " the
O'Donoglioes of Eoghanacht Chaisil were
of a different stock from those of Loch
Lein" (Collectan. vol. i. p. 375); but in
I his lie is undoubtedly mistaken, for tiic
fatnily of O'Donnchadlia (O'Donoghocs) of
Locli Lein were the most roval famil\- of
that name in Mimster, for their ancestor.
Dnbh-da-bhoireann, who was slain in 957,
was king of Minister, and his son Domh-
nall commanded the foi-ces of south Mun-
ster (Desmond) at the battle of Cluain-
tarbh, in 1014.
P Deise.. — See p. 49, note '', and p. 66,
note ■•', supra. It will again be observed
that ships are presented to the chiefs of ter-
ritories verging on the sea.
'1 Across the sea, i. e. imported. See p.
55, note '•.
"■ With gold, i. e. ornamented with gold.
O'Brien makes this "a sword and shield
of the king's own wearing, one horse richly
accoutred, and one embroidered cloak." —
( Collect, vol. i. p. 378). There does not seem
to be anytliing to warrant this translation.
' Ui Liathain. — This tribe derived their
name and origin from Eochaidh Liatha-
nach, the son of Daire Cearba. After the
establishment of smnames, O'Liathain and
0' h-Anmchadha were the eliicf families of
na 5-Cea|ir.
73
Ten bondmen, ten large women
And ten horns for carousing",
Unless Caiseal of the prisons belong to him",
Ten steeds to the king of the Eoghanachts.
Eight bondmen, eight brown-haired women
To the king of the DeiseP, and ten ships,
Eight shields, eight swords for wounding,
And eight horses [brought] across the green sea*".
Five steeds, fivcj matals with gold''.
And five horns for carousing.
Five swords for all slaughter
To the heroic king of Ui Liathaiu*.
Ten steeds to the king of red Eaithlinn',
Ten drinking-horns from the king of hardy Caiseal,
tliis tribe. After the English uivasiou their
territory was granted to Robert Fitzste-
I)heii, who granted it to Plulip de Bany,
a.s apfwars from the contirmation charter
of king John, who,* in the eighth yearof liis
reign, confirmed to William de Barry, the
.son and heir of this Pliiliii, "the three
cantreds of Olethan, Muscherie-Diuiegan,
and Killede." Now, we learn from Giral-
dus (Ilib. Exp. lib. ii. c. 18, 19) that when
I'itzstephen and Milo de Cogan came to
a |iartition, by lot, of the seven cantreds
granted them by Henry II., the three can-
treds to the east of the city of Cork fell to
Fitzstcjihen, and the four to the west fell
til the lot of l>c C'ogan. \Ve know also
from Irish history, that the present village
of Castle- Lyons, orCaislean Ui Liathain, and
tbe island called ( )ilean mor Arda Noiniliidli.
niiw the ■' (iiX'at Island," near Cork, were in
I'i Liathain, which gives us a good idea of
its position and even extent, and from tlieso
f.uis we mav infer with certaiiitv tJiat the
three cantreds conJirmed by Kiiii,^ .John,
namely, "Olethan, Muscherie-Duuegan,
and Killede," are included in the baronies
of " Bar^\^nore," ' ' Kinatalloon," and " Imo-
killy," in the county of Cork, and " Cosh-
more" and " Coshbride" in that of Water-
ford. Harris asserts, in his edition of
Ware's Aiiti(]iutie.s, p. 50, that " Ily-Lia-
thain is a territory in the soutli of the
county of Waterford, in the barony of De-
cies, on the sea coast, opposite to Youghal.
But tins is unworthy of Harris, wlio ought
to liave known tliat " Oletiian," which be-
longed first, after the Anglo-Norman inva-
sion, to Fitzstephen, and passed fron\ him
to Barry, was not on the east si<le of the
river of Eoehiiill (Youghall), but on the
west, for in the charter of Henry II. U<
Robert l''it/.stoplien and Milo de Cogan, lie
grants them the lands "jis far as the water
near Lismorc, which runs between Lismore
and Cork."
' h'iiip ol' Hfiil/iliiiii. — >See |>. .i'.'. nete'-.
74 Ceabhaji
neich pceich, oeich (5)-claiDirh chulma,
oeich luipeacha Idn babba.
Seachc n-eich, peachc n-inctip oeapja,
peacbc (5)-coin pe caichirii pealga,
peachc luipeacha il-lo jailli
oo'n pip p'a m-biao TTlupcpaiDi.
Seachc (5)-claiDim, peachc (5)-cuipn chuma,
peace luipeacha, pechc lonja,
]^eachc n-e«ch ppi pai^ine peapc
oo pij Oaippine in oepceapc.
Seachc (j5)-coin ppi copab n-di6i,
peace n-eich, a n-dipeaiii n-aile,
pechc (5)-cuipn ppi caichearh pepi
oo pij Oaipbpi in oaij pleibi.
Seachc n-eich oo pij 6acha ^ein,
pechc (5)-cuipn, pechc (5)-clai6im do cen,
peachc pc^ich, a n-dipeam n-uacai6,
peachc (5)-com ailli a n-lpplyachaip.
Seachc macail co m-buinoib b'op,
acup peachc (5)-cuipnD ppi coriiol,
peachc n-eich, ni h-iapmaipi oaill,
oo pij CiappaiDi in chomlainD,
Seachc n-eich do laech in Ceimi,
peachc pceich co pcdch na jpeni,
peace (5)-clai6iTii cpoma cacha,
peace lonja, peachc luipeacha..
" Miiscraidhe.- -See p. 42, note ", supra. graphical poem, this territory is called. Ur-
■> Dairfhine See p. 46, note ', on Corca luachair, and the country of O'Caoimh
l.iiiglie, and p. 64, note ", supra. (O'Keeffe). Its position is marked by the
w Dairbhre Tliis should Ibe Dairfliine. crown lands of "Pobble O'Keeffe," sitxxate
See p. 47, note «, snpra. in the barony of " Duhallow," on the con-
f Loch Lein See p. 59, note ', supra. fines of the counties of Cork, Limerick,
> IrrliHtc/iair. — In O'h-Uidhrin's topo- and Kerry, and containing about 9,000
net 5-Cea|ir. 75
Ten shields, ten swords fit for war,
Ten coats of mail full strong.
Seven steeds, seven red tunics,
Seven hounds for the purpose of the chase.
Seven coats of mail for the day of valour
To the man under whom are the Muscraidhe".
Seven swords, seven curved drinking-horns,
Seven coats of mail, seven ships.
Seven steeds bounding over hills
To the king of Dairfhine' in the south.
Seven hounds to chase down stags,
Seven steeds, in another enumeration.
Seven drinking-horns for the banquet
To the king of Dairbhre"' (Dairfhiue) of the good mountain.
Seven steeds to the king of Loch Lein",
Seven drinking-horns, seven swords [imported] from alar,
Seven shields, at the smallest reckoning, '
Seven beatitiful hounds in Irrluachair^.
Seven matals with ring-clasps of gold,
And seven horns for carousing,
Seven steeds, not used to falter.
To the king of the Ciarraidhe^ of the combat.
Seven steeds to the hero of the Leap*,
Seven shields with the brightness of the sun,
Seven curved swords of battle.
Seven ships, seven coats of mail.
.statute acr&j ; but this territory was origi- » Ciarruidhe. — See p. 48, note '^ supra.
nally much more extensive, for we learn ^ Hero of the Leap., i. c. kingolToiia
from Cormae'.s Glossarj', in'voce, that the Bliaiscinn. He was so called from lA-iin
niounlaina called Da C'bioch Danann, now Chonchulainn, now Loop-head (rectiiis
"the Pap mountains," were in this terri- Leap-head), the soutli-wcstcni extremity of
tory. Sec also KcatinK'slIistor}- of Ireland. his territory. Dr. O'Brien a-nstits, that
Ilaliday's Kdit. p. 20 1. the Leim here rel'erred to is '' l^'im Con in
76
Ceabhap
Se h-eich do pij Copcampuao,
pe claibriii pe cippa6 pluaj,
pe cuipn, pe pceich po jeba,
pe coin ailli, aen-jelu.
tDeich n-eich do pij h-Ua n-^abpa,
oeich pceich, oeich (5)-claiGitTi chalma,
beich (5)-cuipn 'n-a Dun p6 oerhe,
cean jeill uao, cean eicepi.
Seachc n-eich do pij 6poja-pi j,
peachc (5)-cuipn ap a n-eba pfn,
peclic (5)-claiDivn, ip cop popaib,
peachc n-giUa, pechc m-ban mojaio.
the west of Carberry, of which O'Driscoll
oge Avas chief."^( Collect, vol. i. p. 379).
15 lit ill this he is vmquestionably -wrong,
for the people next mentioned are the Cor-
cuniruadh adjoining Corca Bhaiscinn on
the north. See p. 48, n^ '', supra, and
p. 86, note '•, infrd.
^ Corcumrttadh (Corcomroe) See p.
65, note ^ supra.
*•' Ui Ghahhra, i.e. the Ui Chonail Ghiibh-
ra, now the baronies of Conillo, in the west
of the comity of Limerick. After the estab ■
lishment of surnames, the chief iamilies of
tliis race took the names of O'Coileain (Col-
lins), O'Cinfhaelaidh (Kinealy), O'Flann-
abhra(Flanncry), and Mac Imieirglie (IMac
Eniry). Dr. O'Brien says, ( Collect, vol. i.
p. 377), " that Mac Eimery and O'Sheehan
of this race were descended from Malion, an
elder brother of Brian Boriimha." But for
this he had not sufficient authority, for, ac-
cording to tlie pedigrees of the Ui Fidhgheiiite
(given in the Books of Leacaii, and Baile-
an-mhota, and by Dubluiltach Mac Firbi-
fiigh), and in O'h-Uidhrin's topographical
poein, Mac Inneirghe U setd(}wn as chief of
Corca Mlndcliet, a sept of the Ui Fidhgheiiite ;
and the parish of " Castleto-wn Mac Eniry"
in the south of the county of Limerick,
where he resided, is still called Corca IMhui-
chet. The same inaccmate writer asserts
in his Irish Dictionary, voce Conall, that
" Conall Gabhra, fiv»m -whom the country
of Ibh Conaill Gabhra derives its name,
was the ancestor of the stock of the O'Conels,
widely spread throughout the counties
of Limerick, Kerry, and Cork ;" but this
is not supported by any authority ; and,
besides, it contradicts what the same writer
says, in his Dissertation, &c. (^Collect.
vol. i. p. 380), wliere it is asserted, that
" O'Shca, O'Connel, and O'Falvy are all
descended from Core, son of Cairbre JIusc,
son of Conaire, son of Mogh Laimhe, king
of Leath Chuiiin." This latter statement is
nearly correct, according to the Irish ge-
nealogical books, but again, the same writer
(who appears to have had a bad memory)
calls this same Cairbre Muse, " one Cairbre
Muse, supposed son of a king of Bleath in
the beginning of the third century, and of
■whose progeny no account has ever been
net 5-Cea]ir.
77
Six steeds to the king of Coroiimruudh'',
Six swords for the maiming of hosts,
Six drinking-liorns, six shields he gets,
Six beautiful lioiinds, all-white. »
Ten steeds to the king of Ui Ghabhra*',
Ten shields, ten swords fit for battle,
Ten drinking-horns in his protective fort,
Without hostages from him, without pledges.
Seven steeds to the king of Brugh-righ'*,
Seven horns from which wine is drunk.
Seven swords, it is a happy engagement,
Seven serving-youths, seven bond-women.
given." See his Dictionaiy, voce Jluiscrith.
If the pedigrees of the O'Sheas, 0'Falv3's,
and O'Connells are traced to him, some ac-
count has been given of his descendants.
'' King of Brtiffh-riffk, i. e. of tlie Ui
Chairbre Aeblidha, who had their seat at
Bnigh-righ (Briiree), on tlie i-iver INIaigh
(Maigiie). Dr. O'lJrien says, that " the
king of Cairbre Aoblidha, wlio was O'Do-
novan, liad liisprincijial seat at Briigh -righ,
and that his country was that now called
Kenry, in the county of Limerick." ( Collect.
vol. i. p. 377). This assertion, which has
Ijcen received as fact liy all suljsequont
writers, is wofully incorrect, for '' Kenry" is
a small barony lying along the Shannon,
in the north of the county of Limerick ;
wherca.s I5nigli-righ, its sup])osed head-resi-
dence, is many miles distant from it, in the
other end of the county. The fact is, that
the country of tiic I'i Chairbre Acbhdiia, of
which O'Domiobliain was tlie chief, compri-
sed the barony of " Coshma," llie districts
aroimd " Bruree" and " Kilmallock" and
the plains along the river Maigli (^laigue)
on the west side, down to the Shannon.
This appears from tln' traditions in thi-
county which state that O'Donnobliain
resided at Biiigli- righ, and Cromadh
(Croora) on the river IVJaigh (Maigue) ;
from the Feilire Aenghuis, at 2Gth March,
which places Gill DaChealloc (Kilmallock),
in Ui Chairbre; and from O'h-Uidhrin's
topographical poem, which states that
O'Donnobhain of Dun Chuire (a name for
Brugh-righ, as being one of the seats of
Core, kingof Munstcr) possessed, free of tri-
bute, jan ciop the land? extending along
the IMaigh (Maigiie), and the plains down
to the Seannain (Shannon),— na cluip
pJop CO Sionnumn. See the Buttle of
Ma^h Ragh, ]). ."40.
That Caenraidhe (Kenry) was a part of
Ui Chairbre Aebhdha is highly probat)le,
but we have the authority of O'li-Cidluii'i to
show that O'Maelchallainn (MulhoUand),
was the chief of Caenraidhe, and that near
him was O'Bearga, in the district of Ui
Rosa^ (now the parish of Ivcntss, mb
Ropa, on the Shannon, and in the barony
of Kenry). The.se were sul>-chiefs to O'Don-
nobhain as chief of all I'i Kidliglieinte, a.she
fre<|uently was, and jjcrhaps as chief of Ui
Chairbre Aebhdha also.
78
Leabliap
Seachc (5)-cuipn Do chupaio Qine,
peachr (5)-claiDTrii — ni cop raioi,
pechc n-eic!i Do'n laech pm pe lino,
bd pdlaij ip bd pirchiU.
Seachc n-eich, peace (j5)-cuipnn oo'n laech luarh,
DO pi puipeach na (b)-Popchuach,
peachc pceich, pecc (5)-clai6irii i (5)-carh
beapap oo pij ^leano Qmnach.
Seachc n-eich bo pi na n-Uaichni,
peachc (5)-claibiiTi, ip cop cuaichli,
peachc (5)-cuipn oia n-bdriiaib o'dn oil
beich a n-^pdoaib an dipb-pi^.
Ochc n-eich bo pi^ Gle in oip,
ochc pceich, ochc (5)-claiDiiTi ip coip,
occ (5)-cuipn, nop conjaib ac pie 16,
ochc luipeacha il-lo jaipcio.
•■ Hero of Aine, i. e. the king or chief
of Eoglianacht Aine Cliach. See p. 39,
note ', supra.
f King of the Forthvatha, i. e. the king
of Feara Muighe, i. e. the tribe of O'Dubh-
again (O'Dugans), descended from the
celebrated driiid Mogh Eiiith, and here
" called Forthuatha, as being strangers placed
centrally between the Ui Fidhgheinte and
the Eoghanachts of Glearm Amluiach, who
were two tribes of the royal blood of OiUoll
Olum.
sKing ofGleann Amhnach, i. e of Eogh-
anacht Gleanna Andniach. This was the
country of a branch of the tribe of O'Caoinih
(O'KeefFes), comprisuig the coimtry about
Gleann Amhnach, Glanworth, barony of
Fernioy, Cork. Before the English invasion,
O'Caounh and O'Dubhagain possessed the
regions now called " Femioy, Condons, and
Clangibbons ;" but the bomrdarj' between
them (O'Keeffe and O'Dugan) could not
now be determined ; all we know is, that
O'Dubhagain was between O'Caoimh and
the Ui Fidhgheinte, and consequently to the
north of them. After the English invasion
the comitry of Feara Muighe Feine was
granted to Flemmg, from whom it passed,
by marriage, to the Roches, and it is now
usually called Crioch Eoisteach, or Roche's
coimtry.
■■ Uaifhne — See p. 45, note ''", supra.
' File — This was the name of a tiibe and
an extensive territory, all in the ancient
Mumlia or Munster. Tliey derived the
name from Eile, the seventh in descent from
Cian, the son of Olioll Olum. According
to O'h-Uidhrin, this territory was divided
into eight " tuatha," ruled by eight petty
chiefs, over whom O'Cearbliaill ((^'Carroll)
na 5-Cea|ic.
79
Seven drinking horns to the hero of Aine*,
Seven swords — not an engagement to be violated,
Seven steeds to that hero during his time,
Two rings and two chess-boards.
Seven steeds, seven drinking-horns to the swift hero,
To the lordly king of the Forthiiatha^ ,
Seven shields, seven swords in battle
Are given to the king of Gleann Amhnachs.
Seven steeds to the king of the men of Uaithno'',
Seven swords, it is a wise covenant.
Seven drinking-horns to their companies to whom it is due
To be in office under the monarch.
Eight steeds to the king of Eile* of the gold,
Eight shields, eight swords are due.
Eight drinking-horns, to be used at the feast,
Eight coats of mail in the day of bravery.
was head or king. The ancient Eile (Ely)
i'f)niprisod the whole of Eile Ui Chearbhaill
(Ely O'Canoll) which is now included in
the King's county, and comprises the baro-
nies of Clonlisk and Uallyhritt ; also the
baronies of Ikerrin and J^lyogarty, in the
county of Tipiwrary. The boundary between
"Ely O'Carroll" and tlie ancient jMidhc
(Meath) is detcnuined by that of the diocese
of Killaloe with the diocese of Meath, for
that i)Ortion of the King's county which
belongs to the diocese of Killaloe was " Ely
O'Carroll," and originally belonged toMun-
ster. Tiif other porliims of the original Eile,
such as " Ikerrin" and " Elyogarty," were de-
tached from O'Cearbhaill, shortly after the
English invasion, aiid added to " Ormond ;"
butt lie native chitflains( )'M('aohair(( )'Mea-
giicr) and ()'l''cigartaif;li (( )"I''(igarty), were
left in possession, but subject to the Earl
of Ormond. Sir Charles O'CaiToU, in his
letter to the Lord Deputy in 1595, asserts,
that "the Earl of Ormoiul had no right to
any part of the country lying north ofl3ar-
nane Ely" (now the Devil's Bit moun-
tain), but this cedes him "Elyngarty,"
which appears to have been his indisi)uta-
blc property since the time of Edward III.
According to O'h-Uidhrin, O'Eogartaigh,
the chief of the southern Eile, i.e. Eilel'lio-
garlaigh (Klyogarty) is not of the race of
the Eleans, but descended from Eocliaidh
Kailldcarg (king of Thomond in St. Pa-
trick's time) ; from which we may perceive
tiiat the soutiiern Eile liad been wrested
from the original proprietors before the
English invasion by a sept of the DalChais,
l)ut nothing has been yet discovered to de-
tcnnini.' when or how the ancestors of the
family of O'Fogartaigh obtained it.
80
Ceabha|i
ki' hi
Qc pm niajupcal each pij
6 pij Caipil CO (5)-ceac )niirh ;
larh 6eneoin po chaipi^ pin;
leapai5 acab a eolaij. . . . Q eO^.Q!^ mUniaH.
t)Cl^GQt) ocLip pobail na (D)-cuapopcal pin Beop ano po 6 pi,^
Caipil DO pijaib cuach acup mop chuach, lap pochap a (B)-popbcx
acup a (5)-ceneoil, a peib olijio acup Diichupa; acup ap pochap
^p66 acup Dilrhaine, ap riieao a nipc acup a (b)-popldmaip, acupap
linmaipi a (b)-pechca acup a ploijib, acup ap poipbi acupap pob-
paiDi, acup ap pinopepi acup corhaipli'oo, pono acuppebpa, ip poichib
pin mibichip"" a (b)-cuapipcla boib, ap plicc puab acup peancupa"'^
ap bepc 6enen anb po :
^
QCQ SUNO peancliap, puaipc ppeach,
b'p ainfjip'"^ minab eolach ;
cuapipral pij Caipil choip
b'd pijaib caema a (5)-ceac6ip.
Upach nach (in)-bKi piji ac Oail.Caip cop'"^
pop clanbaib Gogain dpb, Tin6ip'°\
leach-juala pi^ Caipil chain
516 imba D'a ai^eaboib'^''.
t)eich (5)-cuipn co n-6p each Sarhna,
cpicha claioearii, cop aitipa,
cpicha each alaino ille'""
DO pi^ t)dl Caip cul-buibe'"**.
iDlijiD pt Oppaibi erh,
6 bib pt5ai"'5, a po peip'°',
in each bliabna b'd baile"°
bd chuapipcal cojaibe.
^li^iD 6 pij Cearhpa chuaio'"
pi OppaiDi CO n-dpo buaiD
beich pceich acup beich (5)-claibii"h
ip beich n-eich cap mop riioijib"^
(t'
'' Dal Chais — Seep. 70, note-', supra. mac Cas, and ancestor of the Ui Fidbgheinte
' Eoghan — lie was tlie brother of Cor- and all the Eoghanachts.
Tia 5-Ceajic. 81
SiU'li is the stipend of each king
From the king of Caiseal with the hundred powers;
The hand of Beuean it was that shaped that;
Inculcate it ye learned YE LEIRXED OF ISIUMHA.
THE LAW and distribution of these stipends further here from the
king of Caiseal to the kings of his districts (stranger tribes) and great
territories, according to the revenues of their lands and family, accord-
ing to law and inheritance ; and it is according to deserts of their office
and fealty, to the greatness of their strength and superiority, and
to the number of their expeditions and hostings, and to their prospe-
rity and affluence, and to seniority and counsel, foundation and excel-
lence, that these stipends are apportioned among them, on the authority
of the learhed and of history, as Benean says here: .- — p
THERE IS HERE the history, pleasant the series,
Which thou knowest not unless learned ;
The stipends of the just king of Caiseal
To his fair kings in the first place.
When the just Dal Chais'' have not the sovereignty
Over the race of the high, great Eoghan',
[Their king} sits by the shoulder (side) of the king of Caiseal
Though many be his guests.
Ten drinking-horns [ornamented] with gold each Samhain™,
Tliirty swords, a good covenant, ^
Thirty beautiful steeds hither
To the king of Dal Chais of yellow hair.
The active king of the Osraidhe" is entitled [to have]
From two kings, as his full claim.
Every year at his house
Two choice stipends [that is to say]:
Entitled from the king of north Teamhair
Is the king of the Osraidhe of great prerogatives
To ten shields and ten SAVords
And ten steeds across the groat plains:
'" Saiiihuin, i. c. the fir^t of N'nvonil.i r. " Omoitlhr.— fiov p. .'i9, iifln '.
82
LeabTiaji
(Dli^ib 6 pi^ Caipil cpuaio"*
aipo-pij OppaiDi CO m-buai6'"
oeich pceich ip oeich (j5)-cloiDiTh choip"^
acup ta palaijj oeapj dip.
Ciiapipcol pi na n-Depi
6 pij Caipil ao jlepi'""
claiDeaiTi co n-6p, each jp blao"'
acup long pu lain-peola6.
tDlijiD cuapipcal, can cap"^
pi Ian laechoa"^ Ua 6iachdn,
pciach pijj Caipil, claioeam, coin'^o, '
each ip eppib cap apt) moip.
OlijiD oip-pi^ ITJui^i Plan
each 6 pij Caipil, ip ppian,
bli^iD pciach ip claibeaiTi, coni'^',
pi Peup-niui^i CO mop ^oil.
Clunb Chaipppi Hlupc, mop a m-bla6
j olijio a pjj cuapipcal
■ pciach pi^ Caipil co n-beni,
a each 'p-a chu coin-eilli.
■Dli^ib pi^ Raichleano co pach
ip cpean mop in cuapipcal,
beich (5)-claiDirh acup oeich (5)-cuipn,
beich m-bpuic copcpa, oeich m-bpuic juipm.
tDlijib pi Oaippine ouino
6 pi Caipil in chomlaino
" Tivo rmgs of' red gold. — Tliis esta-
blislies the meaning offalach.
I' Deise See p. 49, note ^, supra.
1 Ui Liathain. — Seep. 72, note ', suprh.
^ Brought across the high sea, i. e. a
steed and battle-dress imported.
^ Magh Flan, i. e of Fearu Mhuighe, no;v
" Fermoy," in the county of Cork. After
the establishment of surnames, the chief of
this territory took the name of O'Dublia-
gain (O'Ougan), from Dubhagan, tlie de-
scendant of the druid Mogh Ruith, who was
of the same race as O'Conchubhair Ciar-
raidlie (O'Conor Kerry). Of the race of
ria j-Ceapc. 83
Entitled from the hardy king of Caiseal
Is the noble king of the Osraidhe as a prerogative
To ten shields and ten swords
And two rings of red gold°.
The stipend of the king of the DeiseP
Given from the king of Caiseal
[Is] a sword [adorned] with gold [hilt], a steed with renown
And a ship under full rigging.
Entitled to stipend, not contemptible,
Is the full-heroic king of Ui Liathain"',
To the shield of the king of Caiseal, a sword, a hound,
A steed and trappings across the high sea^ .
Entitled is the petty-king of Magh Fian*
To a steed from the king of Caiseal, and a bridle ;
Entitled to a shield and sword [and] hound
Is the king of Feara Mhuighe of great proAvess.
The race of Cairbre Musc^ great their renown.
Their king is entitled to a stipend,
The shield of the vehement king of Caiseal,
His steed and his hound from his hound-leash.
The prosperous king of Raithlinn" i? entitled
To a very great stipend ;
Ten swords and ten drinking-horns,
Ten red cloaks, ten blue cloaks.
The king of the brown Dairfhine* is entitled
From the king of Caiseal of the battles
this druid, who was a native of Daiiblire, several churches in Munstcr have been de-
now the island of Valentin, in Kerry, was dicated.
Cuaniia Mac Cailcliine, chief of Feara ' The race of Cuirhre Muse, i. c. the
Mhiiighe, in the seventh centur}-, who was Muscraidhe. See as to these tribes, p. 42,
as celebrated for hospitality and munifi- note *, xupra.
cence in Munstcr as Guaire Aidhne was " Haitlilinn See p. 59, note i*, supra.
in Connacht; and of his race also were *' DnirJ'/iinr, t. e. of Coroa Liiiglio. See
the saints Mochuille and Molaga, to whnm p. -10, note ", supn).
(; 2
84 Leabhap
cpt claiDTTii coinoli bcichci,
cpt lonja, cpi luipeacha.
^ Cuapiprul pf Opiiinj, nach oip,
6 pi^ 6pinD, — ni Dimip,
cpi cloibriii cama caela,
ip cpi Xonga''^^ Idn-caeriio.
Cuapipcal pig f-achu ^ein
6 pi^ ©pinD CO n-dipD men,
oeich n-jabpa bonna oachu'''',
Geich lonjcj, oeich T^uipeacha,
Uuapipcal pi^ Peopna piainb
6 uib QiliUu Olaim,
Deich n-eich np na n-jleap Do'n j^paio'-'*
'p-ci chochall peang ppoUecaij'".
Ciiapipcol prj Ce]m m Clion
6 pij Chuipil, — ip caeiii chop,
a lonj5 DingBala barach,
each, claibearii, copn corii-purhach'".
Uuapipcol pij ^oBpdin'-^ gloin
6 pi^ mop muman meaoaip'-^,
cem pop (p)aeli'^^ 'n-a chij chpiiim,
olijio in pij a leach-jualamn"".
Ip in cpdch ceib bia chi^ pen
blijiD each ip eppib'" eim,
ocup m lin DO cheio''^ poip
each ip ejipi6'^^ each en pip.
Cuapipcol pig 6poga-pi5'3*
6 pij ©pinb can mipnim,
" King nf Drung Driing is a conspi- " Loch Lein — See p. 17, note *, suprci.
cuous hill in the north of the barony of >' Fcorainn Floinu Tiiis was another
" Iveragh," pnt here fur tlie country of name of the Cian-aidhe, from their ancestor,
the race of the monarch Conaire Mor, in Flann Feorna, i. e. Flann of the shore. Sea
'■ Kerry." See p. 64, line 12, xiipn). p. 48. note ', mipru.
iia g-Cerqic. F5
To three swords of lianiiug brightness,
To three ships, three coats ol" mail. a
The stipend of the king of Drung'*, -which is not small,
From the king of Eire- — 'tis not contemptible.
Three curved narrow swords
And three ships very beautiful.
The stipend of the king of Loch Lein^
From the king of Eire of noble mind,
Ten horses of bay colour,
Ten ships, ten coats of mail.
The stipend of the king of Feorainn Floinn''
From the sons of Oilioll Olum,
Ten caparisoned steeds out of the stud
And his own graceful satin cochal.
The stipend of the king of Leim na Con"
From the king of Caiseal, — a fair condition,
His own befitting beauteous sliip,
A steed, a sword, a trophy drinking-horn.
The stipend of the king of fair Gabhran*
From the king of great and merry Munster,
A pleasing distinction in his crowded house.
This king is ^entitled to sit by his side.
And at the time he [Caiseal] goes to his own [Gabhran'sJ house
He [Gubhran] is entitled to a steed and trappings too,
And of the number who go [with Caiseal] eastward
A steed and dress for every man.
The stipend of the king of Brugh-righ'' ^
From the king of Eire without sorrow,
» The king of Leim an Chon, now al- O'Brien. See p. 48, note P, *«/(/<<.
wavs l/'iin na Con (i.e. fi-ni.) Snl/ns » Kimj of (idhhrtm. — Soe p. oi), note '.
Cwonj, the king of Corca Dhaisdini, in tlic '' Tlie //in;/ of /inii/h-rig/i (.Irx rtyis),
soutli-wcHf of the county of Clare, 'not of i. e. of Ui Clmirlire .Xflilullia. S.-c p. 77,
l^eini Ciiii, in CarlM-ry, us nssertril liy nolc '', snjin).
86 Leabhap
beich n-maip, oonna beapja,
, ip oeich n-joill can 5ae6el5a'3^
Uuapiprol pij Qine aipG
6 pi Caipil cluiDUTi jaip^,
qI36 pciach ip a claibearh gle'^^,
cpicha bo each 6eallcame.
Cuapipcol pi^ na n-Uaichne
6 pig Caipil'38 — ,p cuairle'^",
pe pceidi ip pe claibirh cam
1 pe h-eich i n-a paijnib'^".
t)li^ib pig Qpab CO n-aiB
6 pig Gpinb aijeao chufn
pe cloibim, pe pceich molca
1 pe'^' leonoG Idn-copcpa.
Cuapipcol pig Gil in oip"^
6 pig Caipil in choriioil
pe pceich i pe claibim chain,
pe mobaiD, pe ban mogaio'^'.
6iD pat, no bib ollarh dn,
ara ppip TTIac Cuilinbdn'", — .
ni pep bee momi pe Id'^*, —
each aen 'g-d m-bia po map cd. . QCCI[8UND].
t)0 pO]^CQ16 pig Caipil [arnuriian] ann po.i. 6pug-pig acup
TTIuilchenb'^'' acup Seanchua Cham acup Rop "l^aeoa acup Cluain
Uarho acup CachCiip Chnuip acup Cachaip Pmoabpach, Cachaip
Uhuaigi, Cachaip ^lenn Qiiinach, Cachaip Chinb Chon, Dun Pip
Clen Cholca, Cachuip fllechaip, [bun n-^aip], Ceariiaip SuBa,
Ctpb 6ili, Qenuc m-6eappdin, ^Tii-i^ Cciilli, Qpo Conaill, Qpb
niic Conumb'^% Qpb Ruidi, Cuaipceapc ITIaigi, ITIag Saipe, na cpi
h-Qipne ap muip nidip, Qenach Cuipppi, (Dpuim niop, Opuiin
'' Without Gaedhealga (Gaelic or Irish), '^ King nfnohle_Aine, i. e. lung of Eogh-
i. e. foreign slaves or servants who could anacht Aine Cliach, which country lay
not speak Irish. This is very curious. round the coiisjiicuous hill of Cnoc Aine
na 5-Ceapc. 87
Ten tunics, brown red,
And ten foreigners without Gaedhealga'^ [Irish].
The stipend of the king of noble Aine"*
From the king of Caiseal of the terrific sword,
Ilis shield and his bright sword,
Thirty cows each May-day. .
The stipend of the king of the Uaithne*
From the king of Caiseal — it is wise,
Six shields and six fine swords
And six steeds of the choicest.
The king of Ara^ of beauty is entitled
From the king of Eire of the comely face
To six swords, six praised shields
And six mantles of deep purple.
The stipend of the king of Eile^ of the gold
From the king of Caiseal of the banquets,
Six shields and six bright swords,
Six bondmen, six bondwomen.
Be he sage, or be he distinguished ollamh,
He has the support of Mac CuileannainS, —
Not a man of small wealth is he in his day [He must be pro-
fessor in his day], —
He who maintains this [system] as it is. THERE IS HERE.
OF THE SEATS of the king of Caiseal in Mumha here, i.e.
Brun^h-riah and Muilchead and Seanchua Chfvein and Ros Raeda and
Cluain Uamha and Cathair Chnuis and Cathair Fhinnubhrach, Cathair
'Jhuaighe, Cathair Ghleanna Amhnach, Cathair Chinn Cho.n, Dun Fir
Aen Cholca, Cathair Meathais, Dun Gair, Teamhair Shubha, Ard
liile, Aenach m-Bearrain, Magh Caillc, Ard Chonaill, Ard Mic Co-
nainn, Ard Ruidhe, Tuaisceart Muighe, Magh Saire, the throe Aras
in the great sea, Aenach Chairpro, Druini Mor, Dniiin C'utin, Cathair
(Knockiiny) in the barony of Small County, < Am, File — Si-e p. IG, nut«; ', aiul
coimty of Linn-rick See p. 67, note '', and p. 78, note ', suprd.
\). 7H, note. '', siip>(). K Mac CiiilcaTinain. —F^a- p. (Jl, nil. "'
' I'liiflinr Src \>. 1 J, note ■<, siijin). anil ", ami ««• tin- Intro.liiili.ni.
88
Leabliap
Cain, Cuchaip Chuipc, TTIup-bolcan, ^eibcnie, ^papann, QiU TTlic
Cuipp, mu^ Nai, Vnaj; n-eoctpbane'^s^ h-llachc-rnuj, Caechdn'^^
66ipne, TDup-rhaj, TDaj n-Banaij, Cuaim n-Gacain, ITIaj n-Qpail'^",
©ibliu, Llchc-na-pijnct, Cuilleann, Cua, Claipi, Inoeoin, Qine,
OpbD, UiUeanb Gcan, ^och Ceanb^^', Ceano Hachpach, l^aponr),
(Dpuim Cain, tDpuim Pinjin, Upeaoa-na-pij'^-, 'Raich Gip'", "Raicli
PaeluD, 'Rair Qpoa'^^ TJaich Opoma Deilgi'^^, 6eanncpai5i, Cpec-
puioi, Opbpaibi acup h-Lla Chuipb'*'^; conab ooib po cheac m bpeo
[buaon] 6enen:
ai^a peasaoan^ a n-^oip
epaic peapjupa Scanoail?
cachub: an beip a peapa'*^
6 Gopaib CO tDumaij'^® n-t)peapu.
Gpic Peapjupa in pij,
icip peoca''^ acup cip;
nip bo bejleo i"'" n-a juin
(Laijm Deap-^abaip co muip. [i. Opp B. in i)iar(j.'\
t)o chipc Chaipil co n-a bpij^
6pu^-pi5 acup niuilcheab"'' map,
Seanchua chain, l^op Raeba'*'- peil,
acup leip"'^ Cluain Uamo dn.
Cachaip Chnuip, Cachaip pinoaBpacIi,
Ctichaip Chuai ji'^* co n-a bail,
'' Fearghus Scannal See next note. >
' From the Eoir to Dumha Dreasa. —
The tract of land extending from the River
" Nore" (an Eoir or an Fheoir) to a mound
near Cnoc Grafann (Knockgraftbn), Tip-
perary. This comprises the greater part of
tlie ancient Osson', ■which was called Laigh-
in Deas -ghabhair by the ancient Irish, and
said to^iave been forfeited to ]Munster by
the Lagenians for their murder of Fearghus
Scannal ; or, according to other accounts, of
Eidirsceal, the father of the monarch Conaire
Mnr. See/?ooA o/ie«ca»i,fol.225, b.; 229 h.
^ Ihiigh-righ, i. e. Ar.v regis (Bruree),
on the west bank of the Kiver Maigh
(Maigue), in the barony of Upper Connello
and county of Limerick, about four miles
to the north of Kilmallock. There are ex-
tensive ruins of earthen forts here, said by
tradition to have been erected by OilioU
Olum, the ancestor of the O'Douovans.
There are also the nuns of a circular wall
defended with square towers. The circular
wall is evidently very ancient, and is said
by tradition to have been built by an O'Don-
jiobhaiu, before the English invasion ; but
the square towers are evidently several
centuries more modern, and are said to
Chuirc, ]Mur-bolcan, Geibhtiiie, Grafaun, Aill Mic Cuirr, iNIugli Naei,
Magb n-Eadarbane, Uacht-niagh, Caecban Boirne, Mur-mbagb, Magh
ii-Eanaigb, Tuaim n-Eatain, Magb n-Asail, Eibliu, Ucbt-na-riogbna,
Cuilleann, Cua, Claire, Inneoin, Aine, Ord, Uilleann Eatan, Locb
Ccann, Ceann Natbracb, Rafann, Druim Caein, Druim Fingbin,
Treada-na-rigb, Raitb Eire, Raitb Faeladb, Raitb Arda, Raitb Dronia
Deilge, Beanntraidbe, Greagraidbe, Orbbraidbe and Ui Cbuirb; of
Nvbicli tbe gifted luniinary [tlamma sacra] Benean sang:
"wr
KNOWEST THOU wbat is called
The eric of Feargbus Scannal''?
^ I know it: I will give a knowledge of it
From tbe Eoir to Duniba Ureasa'.
Tbe eric of Feargbus tbe king.
Both in jewels and territory;
They obtained in full satisfaction for bis death
South Laigbin even to tbe sea.
Of tbe right of Caiseal in its power
Are Brugb-righ'' and tbe great ^luikhead',
Seanchua" the beautiful, Ros Raeda" tbe bright.
And to it belongs tbe noble [fort of] Cluain Uaniba".
Cathair Chnuis'', Catbair Fbionnabhrach'',
Catbair Thuaighe'' with its appurtenance
liave been erected by that branch of tlie county of Limerick,
famous family of Lacy or Ue Lacy, de- " lios /?«e^/a.— Unknown to the Ed.
sc.iided from William Gonn, the son of <> Cluain Uiim/ia, i. c. the Lawn or Mlh-
Sir Hugh De Lacy, by tlie daughter of dowof theCavo, ./n/z/fce "Cloyne," tlie liead
I{uaidhriO'Conchobhair(RodericO'Conor), of an ancient bishop's see, in tlie county
tlie last monarch of all Ireland of the Mile- of Cork.
sian race. Brugli-righ is mentioned tlic i' Cathair Chnuis. — Unknown to the Ed.
first in order in this list, as it was tlie prin- 'i Cuthair-l'hionnahhrurh. — 'I'liis is the
cipal seat of OilioU Olum, the ancestor of name of a remarkable stone fort, of the
the kings and dominant families of Miinster. kind called " Cyclopean," near the village
I Muilchiud Muikhear, now applied of Cill Fionnabhraeli (Kilfenora), in the
to a river in the imrthwest of tlie county county of Clari', also the head »f an ancirnt
of Limerick, is a corruptioh of this name. diocese.
"' Sranchiia, Anqlicn " Shanahoe," in the •■ Calhiiir I'hiiaifihr. — Unidentirud.
90
Leabliap
Cachaip Ig^-eano Qmnach"'^ Cadiaip Chinb Chonn,
t)un pip Qen Cholja, Dun n-^aip.
Cachaip nieochaip, Ueamaip Suba,
Qip Sill'*" map, maineach, puao,
Qenach m-6eappun'% Tllaj^ CaiUi earn,
Qpo Conaill, pa comaip chuan"^^
apt) IDic ConaiU'®, la h-Qpt) Kuidi,
Uuaipceapc IDaij^i, muineach clap''''',
TTIa^ Saipi'^', po pea^oo uipnie,
la ceopa Qipne ap muip niap"'^.
Qenach Caipppi, Opuim ITIop, Opuim Cain,
Cachaip Chuipc pop aicT'^^uip,
rriupb-bolcan'^^ ^eibcme, ^papano
Ip lep uili, Qill rriic Cuipp>7^
" Cathair Glileanna Amhnach., i.e. the
stone fort of Gleann Amhnach, which is
the ancient and real name of " Glanworth,"
in " Roclie's countiy,'' in the north of the
comity of Cork. See Smith's Natural and
Civil Histoiy of Cork, book ii. c. 7. /
' Cathair ChinnChon, Anglice " Caher-
kincon," a (Cyclopean) stone fort near
Rockbarton, the seat of Lord Guillamore,
in the barony of Small Comity, and county
of Limerick. There are extensive remains
of such stone forts in this immediate neigh-
bourhood, whicli indicate its having been
anciently a place of importance.
" Dun Fir Aen Cholga Unidentified.
" Dun Gair. — This fort was on the hill
of " Doon," over Loch Gair (Lough Gur),
barony of Small Coimty, Limerick. See
Fitzgerald's Stat. Ace. Limerick. This hill
and lake were fortified by Brian Boruinha,
in the tenth century.
" Cathair Meathais This was proba-
bly the ancient name of the great (Cyclo-
pean) fortress now called Cathair na Steige
(Stague Fort), situated in the parish of
Kilcrohane, barony of Dunkerron, in the
county of Kerry. See Vail. Collect, vol. vi.,
and Baron Foster's model in the Museum
of the Dublin Society.
" Teamhair Shubha.^ — This was proba-
bly another name for Teamhair Luachra,
which ^^■as the name of a fort near Beal
Atha na Teamhrach, in the parish of Dysart,
near Castle Island, in the county of Kerry.
yAir Bile, or, as it is ^vritten in the prose,
Ard Bili, i. e. the height or hill of the
tree. There is a place of this name near
" Bally-mack-eUigott," in the barony of
Clanmaurice, and count}' of Kerry.
^ Aenach m-Bearrain Peiha])s the fort
N. by W. of Barrane, four miles E. of
Kilrush, in Clare.
a Magh Caille UiJinown to the Ed.
'' Ard Chonaill, i. e. the height or hill
of Conall Unknown to the Editor.
'^ Ard Mic Conaill, Ard Ihddhe, Tuais-
ceurt Muighe, Magh Sairc. These places,
being mentioned immediately before the
r.a 5-Ceajir.
91
Cathair Ghleanna Amhnach', Cathair Cliinn Chon',
Dun Fir Aen Cliolga", Dun Gair'.
Cathair Meathais^, Teamliair Shixbha",
Air Bile'', the great, wealthy, red,
Aenach in-Bearrain% the beautiful Magh Caille",
Ard Chonaill'', the meeting place of hosts.
Ard Mic ConailP, with Ard Ruidhe%
Tuaisceart Muighe", wealthy plain,
Magh SaireS worthy of reckoning.
With the three Aras<* in the great sea.
Aenach Cairpre^, Druim Mor*^, Druim Caein^,
Cathair Chuirc'' close to the sea,
Mur-bolcan', Geibhtine'', Grafann'
All belong to it, [and] Aill Mic Cuirr".
Aras, are ev-idently in the county of Clare, -
but the Editor has not identified them.
•• The three Aras, i. e. the three islands
of Ara (Arann) in the Bay of Galway,
which orifpnally belonged to Corcuniruadli.
The largest of these islands was granted by
Aenghus, king of Munster, to St. Eanna,
wlio built several churches upon it. For
some account of the forts on these islands,
see O'Flaherty's lar-Connacht, by Hardi-
nian, pp. 77, 78.
'■ Aenach Cairpre, i. e. the fair of the
territory of Cairbre. This is the place
now called Mainister an Aenaigh, Anglice
Mannisteranenagh, i.e. the Monastery of the
Fair, from a great monastery erected by
the Ui Bhriain (O'Briens), a short time
previous to the English invasimi. Ii is
bituatcd in the barony of " Tubblebrian,"
ill the county of Limerick. i
' IJniiiii Mor, i. e. the great ridge. This
is probably the Dromore near Mallow.
B Druim Caein, i. e. dorsum ama-num,
' I>rimik(cn," but whii-h of the many iil;i<'<i.«
so called, in Mimster, has not been deter-
mined.
^ Cathair Chnirc, i. e. the stone fort of
Core ; proba! )ly the ancient name of Cathair-
gheal, a great fort near Cahersiveeu.
' Mur-bulcan, i.e. the inlet "Trabolgan,"
east of the entrance of Cork harl)our.
•* Geibhtitie, now Eas Geibhtine (Askea-
ton), on the Daeil (Deel).
' Grafann, no\v Cnoc Grafaim, Anglicv
Knockgraflbn, a townland giving nanie to
a parish in tlie bai'oiiy of Middlethird and
county of Tipperary. There is a very large
moat here surrounded by a fosse. Tliis was
the princijial seat of the Ui Suilcabliaiu
(O'SuUivans), till the year 1192, wlieu tluy
were driven thence by the English, who
erected a castle close to the moat. For
some historical references to this place the
reader is referred to Keating's History of
Ireland, reign of Connac mac Airt, iuul tlie
Annals of tlic Four Masters, A. D. 1192.
"' Aill Mic Cuirr, i. e. the cliff -jf Mac
C'uirr. I'nknown to tlie Ivlitor.
02
Leabhcqi
rriu^ Hui'-'^, rriu^ n-eoapbu, Uuclic-muj^
Caechan 66ipnJ, buun in poo Do'n pi5"\
TTIup-ma^ map, Hla^ n-Banaij Ropa,
UuuiiTi n-GiDin''^, abp bo rip.
Qpal, Bibleo, Ucc-ria-pi^na,
in muip im a Una lopg,
CuiUeano ip Cua ip Cldipi,
Irioeom acup Qme ip Opb.
l^-LliUeanG 6can [ip] Codn Ceano,
Ceuno Nachpach, alca Rapann, ip ti pip'
tDpuim Cain, t)puim Pin^in pe6a'«',
ip leip ciD Cpeuoa-na-pi^.
n Magh Nasi, Sfc. — These, which were
names of plains on which the king of Mun-
ster had forts, are luiidentifled.
° Caechan Boime. — This was the name
of a fort in Boiiimi (Burren), in the county
of Clare, where, though there are countless
(Cyclopean) forts, there is none bearing
this name at present.
P Mur-mhaglu i. e. sea iilain — ITiis is
probably "Murvy," in the gi-eat Island of
Ara.
1 Mugh Eanaigh Rosa. — Unknown to
the Editor.
r Tuaim n-Eidhin Unknown to the
Editor.
3 Asul This fort was at Cnoc Droma
Asail, now Tory Hill, near Croom, in the
coimty of Limerick.
•' Eihhho This was a fort in Sliabli
Eibhlinne, in the county of Tipperary, ail.-
joining the baro-y of " Coonagh," in the
county of Limerick.
'" Ucht-ua-noghna, i. e. the breast of
the queen. Unknown to the Editor.
V Ctiilleann, now Cuilleann O g-Cua-
nach, in the barony of Clanwilliani and
county of Ti|ipcrary, Imt originally, as its
name indicates, in the territory of Ui
Chuanach, which is supposed to be included
in the present barony of " Coonagh," in
the comity of Limerick.
« Cua This seat was at Sliabh Cua,
in the county of Wateiford, a short dis-
tance to the south of Cloumel. See p. 16,
note ', supra.
" Chare. — This was the name of a con-
spicuous hill situated unmediateh' to the
east of Duntryleague, in the barony of
Coshlea, and county of Limeiick. There
are, however, two forts stiU called Dun
g- Claire, said to have lieen regal residences
of the kings of Munster ; fine now called
Lios Dun g-Claire, i. e. the fort Dim
g-Claire, situated on the boundary be-
tween the townlands of Glenbrohaun and
Glenlara, in the barony of Coshlea, and
county of Limerick ; and tlie other in the
townland of FaiTannacarriga, parish of
Ballynacourty, barony of Corcagniny, and
county of Kerry.
y Inneoin. —This place is now called
muUac Inneona, i.e. the summit of
Imiooin, Amjlice IMullaghiimone, a town-
land in tlie parish of Tsewchapel, near the
na 5-Ceop.r.
93
Magh Naei", Magh n-Eadarba", Uaclit-magh".
Caechan Boirne", constant the road for the king,
The great Mur-mhagh'', Magh Eanaigh Rosa"*,
Tuaim n-Eidhin% with its brow to the h^nd.
Asal% Eibhleo', Ucht-na-rioghna",
The fort with its numerous attendants,
Ciiilleann" and Cua" and Claire%
Inneoin^ and Aine'' and Ord".
Uilleann Eatan*" and Loch Ceann',
Ceann Nathrach**, the houses of Eafann", it is true,
Druim Caein^, Druim Finghin^ of the wood,
And with it Treada-na-riogh**.
to^Ti of Clonmel, barony of Iffa and OflTa
East, county of Tipperary. Here are the
ruins of a castle, which probably occupy
tlie site of the more ancient fort. See
Keating, in the reign of Cormac mac Airt.
^ Aine, now Cnoc Aine, a conspicuous
hill in a parish of the name, in the barony
of Small County, Limerick. There is a
fort on the summit of this hill which
commands an extensive prospect of the
country in everj' direction. For some ac-
count of the places which can be seen from
it, see Book of Lcinster, in the Library of
Trinity College, Duljliii, 11.2, 18, fol. lOo.
» Orel — Unknown to the Editor.
*" Uilleann Eatan Unknown to the Ed.
' Loch Ceann, i. e. lake of the heads
Unknown to the Editor.
"' Ceann Suthrach, head or liill of the
adder or adders, the ancient name of
Ceann Sleibhe, a beautiful mountain over
the lake of Incliiquin, near Cfirofln, in the
county of Clare. Erom this place Acnghus
Cinn Natbrach, the fifth son of Cai, and
ancestor of the family of f)'I)pagliaidli
(O'Dea), took his cognomrn.
* Rafunn — -See Grafann, p. 91, note ',
supra.
f Druim Caein — This was probably the
name of a subdivision of Sliabh Cacin, now
Sliabh Kiach, on the borders of the coun-
«
ties of Limerick and Cork.
S Druim I'inghin — This is the name of
a long ridge of high ground extending from
near Castle Lyons in the county of Cork,
to the Bay of Dungarvan in the county of
Watorford, and dividing the barony of De-
cies within Drum, from that of Decics
without Drum [i. e. without or outside
Druim Eiiighin].
'' Treadu-nu-riogh, i.e. Tre-dui na riogh,
the triple-fossed fort of the kings. Tliis
was probably the ancient name of the great
moat at Kilfinnan, near Kilmallock, in tlic
county of Limerick, which consist.s of a
moat placed in the centre, and three outer
ramparts of circumvallation. The Mitor
was otice of oi>inion that this was one of
the forts called Dun g-Claire, but he has
iKH-n convinced of the contrary by the ex-
i.stence elsewhere, ami imt distant, of n fort
Tidied Dun LT ClrtirC
94 Leabliap
Rdich Gipc, Rctich Paelao, l^dich Qpoa
ip leip ■Rcticli t)poiTia tJeilj cheap,
beariDcpaiji, ^pecpuiGi, OpbpaiDi
acup h-Ua Chuipp a p6 peap. QT^Q [FeasatDQR].
' Rath Eire, i. e. Earc's fort. Unknown in the county of Limerick,
to the Editor. .See poem on the druid ' Rath Arda, i. e. the fort or rath of the
Mogh Ruith, verse 22, Book of Lismore, height. This is evidently the place called
fol. 103, 6. Eath Arda Suird, in the Annals of the
■< Rath Faeladh, i. e. Fraeladh's rath. Four IMasters, A. M. 305, which is that
or earthen fort — This is probably the an- now called Rath-Suird, a towiland situated
cient name of Rath Gaela, or " Rathkeale," in the parish of Donaghmore, near the city
Tia 5-Ceajic. 95
Rath Eire', Rath raeladh\ Rath Arda'
And eke Rath Droma Deilg"" south,
Beanntraidlae", Greagraidhe", Orbhraidhe''
And Ui Chuirp" as is known KNOWEST TPIOU.
of Limerick. There is an old castle there, ^Beanntraidhe, now Bantry, in the coun-
situate on a rising ground, and, close to ty of Cork.
it on the western side, the ancient fort to ° Greagraidhe. — ^Unknown to the Ed.
wliich the name was originally applied. p Orbkraidhe, Anglice Oirery. See p.
"' Buth Droma JDeilg, i. e. fort of the C-1, note ', siiprii.
ridge of the thorn. UnknoAvn to the Ed. 'i Ui Chuirp — Unknown to the Ed.
90 Leabliap
II.— t)^]5heat)h Ri^h chRuachan.
t)0 SOCnQR Chonoacc ano po pip, ariiail ao peo 6enen:
Cipa acup cuapipcla Conoacc .1. mop cliip Conoacc icip bia-
chuD' acup coniiDeachr: ceaoamup co Cpuuchain:
Q h-Umall bno eipm^reap cipa Conoacc co Cpuachain ppiup:
C61C pichic bo acup coic pichic cope acup coic pichiD leano a
h-LliTiull [inn] pin.
Coic pichic barii acup coic pichic luljach acup cpt pichic muc*
acup peapca' bpac 6 ^(h)pe5puiDi anb pm.
Ceachpacha ap 6a cheb bpac acup ou cheG bo acup pichi ap
clieaD muc 6 Chonmaicnib pm.
Ceo bo acup ceac n-barh 6 ChiappaibiB ino pin: peapca bpac
Deap5 acup peapca cope 6 Chiappaioib beop ano pin.
Se chaeca luljuch, cpt chaeca cope, cpi chaeca bpac 6 na f-ui^-
nib caeha 6eallcaine, acup cpl chaeca oarh ; acup ni ap baipi na
(b)-pinea6ach pin, ace ap oaipi peip acup peapauib^
Ceachpaca ap cheo bo acup peaehc (5)-eeac caepach' — no ip
bo chaepaib lapai nb, — caeca ap cpi ceac muc acup caeca ap cpi
ceao oarii 6 no Copcuib ino pin.
Caeca ap eheab bpac beapj acup caeca a-p ceac cope acup caeca
ap ceac n-barh 6 na Oealbnuib ino pin, ap a (o)-ceal5u6 'n-a (b)-cip''.
Seachcmoja bpac, peachcmoja cope a h-Llib Ulaine cap ceano
a (b)-cipi.
Il-Ua6piuin acup Sil niuipeajaij acup Ui Piacpach acupcen^l
n-Qeba paep-chuacha inb pin, acup corifi-paepa ppi pij [ictc], acup
ni chiajaib peaehc no pluaijeuo ace ap chpoo; acup ni chiajaib
I (^)-cach la pig ace ap a 165^; acup bia mapbchap acup co pa
mapbchap 0I151D in pij a n-epic 00 ic on pi^, acup in can nach
(m)-bia9 p,^, ifj 3(1, p,uchpa, no deta, no ^uaipi, ip leo juala beap
pi j Conbacc lap in (b)-peap ip peapp bib. TWi oa (b)-cea5rha ap beo-
Tia 5-Cea]ic. 97
IL— THE PRIVILEGES OF THE KING OF CRUACHAIN.
OF THE REVENUE of Connacht down here, as Benean has
related :
The rents and stipends of Connacht, i. e. the great tribute of Con-
nacht both refection and escort : first to Cruachain :
From Umhall the tributes of Connacht are first presented to Crua-
chain :
Five score cows and five score hogs and five score mantles from
Umhall.
Five score oxen and five score milch-cows and three score hogs and
sixty cloaks from the Greagraidhe.
Two hundred and forty cloaks and two hundred cows and a hun-
dred and twenty hogs from the Conmaicne.
A hundred cows and a hundred oxen from the Ciarraidhe; also
sixty red cloaks and sixty hogs from the Ciarraidhe.
Six times fifty milch-cows, three times fifty hogs, three times fifty
cloaks from the Luighne every May-day, and three times fifty oxen;
and this is not in consequence of inferiority of [race in] those tribes,
but in consequence of the liability of the grass and land.
A hundred and forty cows and seven hundred caercha (sheep) — or
caera iarainn (masses of iron) — three hundred and fifty hogs and
three hundred and fifty oxen from the Corca.
A hundred and fifty red cloaks, a hundred and fifty hogs and a
hundred and fifty oxen from the Dealbhna, and this for maintaining
them in their territory.
Seventy cloaks, seventy hogs from the Ui Maine for their terri-
tory.
The Ui Briuin and the Siol Muireadhaigh and the Ui Fiachrach
and the Cineal Aedha are free tribes, and they are equally noble as the
kin^', and tbcvdo not cro npnnnn rxpfditinn or hosting ♦■xropt for piiy ;
11
98 Ceabliap
paioeachc a (5)-cpich n-aili, ip leo juala pij Caipl, no pij Haip,
no pij ©ariina TDaichi. Conao odib-pin^ po chachain in bill buaoa
6ene)n:
eisng Re seaHchas nach puaiu
aipD-pij Conbacc claibearh puai6;
DO neoch olijeap 6 chip chall^"
^n-a eineach, 'n-a einicclanb.
m6p chip Con&acc co Cpuachain
cean olmeap, 6 oeaj-chuachaib",
each ni bia n-blij bilpi'^,
pmachc, biachao acup coimiDeacc.
Coic pichic bo, buan a tn-blab,
coic pichic cope, caeb leacan,
coic pichic leano, Itjoa [a n-Jjapc,
a h-Uthall oo pi Conoacc.
Qipb chip na n-^peajpaibi a bep'' :
bo pf* Conbacc buij ao beap'*
cuic pichib bam co n-a n-oach'",
bo pij Conoacc ip Cpuachan.
Cpt pichic muc, mop m pmachc,
acup cpi pichic pi5 bpoc,
* Tribute — cineaclann. This word is which two parts, Upper and Lower, it has
used by Dubhaltach Mac Firbisigh in the in latter ages been divided, the town of
sense of stipend or salary ; but when applied Cathair na Mart (Westport) standing on
to a king it means " a tribute paid to him the boundary between them. These two
in consideration of his protection." It some- divisions were in former times usually
times means eric or fine. called "the Owles" (Ools) by English
'' Cruachain. — Vide suprd, p. 20, note '; writers, and absurdly Latinized Pomum,
p. 34, note °. For the remains still to be as " O'Malley de Pomo," State Papers,
seen at this place the reader is further re- temp. Hemy VIII. vol. ii. part iii. p. 4,
ferred to the Editor's translation of the A. D. 1515. Since the introduction of sur-
Annals of the Four Masters, pp. 204-206. names the famUy of O'Maille (O'Malley)
' Umhall, in the west of Mayo, com- have been chiefs in this district. They are
prising the baronies of " Burrishoole" and descended from Conall Ou-bsean, one of the
" Murrisk" (see p. 19, note ', supra), into Uventy-four sons of Brian, the common an-
na 5-Cea|iu. 99
and they do not go into battle with the king but for reward; and if
they be killed, and upon their being killed, the king is bound to give
eric to their king ; and when the kingdom [of Connacht] does not be-
long to the race of Fiachra or Aedh or Guaire, the best man of them
is privileged to sit by the right shoulder of the king of Connacht.
If they happen to be in exile in another territory, they are to sit at
the right shoxilder of the king of Caiseal, or of the king of Nas, or of
the king of Eamhain Macha. Of which things the gifted scion Benean
sang;
' HEARKEN TO A HISTORY, which is not trifling,
Of the supreme-king of Connacht of the red swords ;
What he is entitled to from his_ own country
For his protection, [and] as tribute*.
The great tribute of Connacht [to be conveyed] to Cruachain''
Without disrespect, from goodly districts,
Everything that to right is due.
Tribute, refection and escort.
Five score cows of lasting condition.
Five score hogs of broad sides.
Five score mantles, beaxitiful their texture,
From UmhalP to the king of Connacht.
The high tribute of the Greagraidhe** I shall mention :
To the king of Connacht they certainly shall pay
Five score oxen of good color,
To the king of Connacht and Cruachain.
Three score hogs, gi'eat the tribute,
And three score royal cloaks,
cestor o*" the fan\ilies of O'Conchobhair, tlic county of Sligo, supposed to be co-ex-
O'Fliiithbheartaigh, and other chieftam tensive with the barony of '•Coolavin." See
families of Connacht, and are not of French O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 46 ; but it
origin, as some of themselves now wish to be was originally much more extensive. The
believed. See O'Fla. Ogygia, part iii. c. 70. ancient inhabitants of this district were d.v
■• Greac/raidhc, now ridiculously called .scended from Aenghus Fionn, the .son of
" the Cregorics," a district iji the Houth of Fearghus, king of Ulster in thefirstc^ntnry.
H 2
100
Leabhap
coic pichic loiljeach anall
6 Chpecpaibi na (5)-caeTTi-cpanD'7.
XDo. pichic Dec bpac co m-bpij,
od ceac bo cean imap ptm'*,
ochcmoja muc, mop a m-bloio'^,
bleajap do na Conmaicnib.
Coic pichic bo mop, co m-blaio,
COIC pichic Dam do Darhaib
6 ChiappaiDi, cpuaiD in pmachc,
DO chabaipc'^" bo pt Conoachc.
* Conmaicne, i. e. descendants of Con-
mhac, son of Fearghus, ex-king of Ulster,
in the first century, by Meadhbh, queen
of Connacht. There were three territories
of this name in Connaclit, namely, Con-
maicne Chineal Dubhain, now the barony
of Dunmore, in the north of the county of
Galway ; Conmaicne Ciiile Toladh, now
the barony of Kilmaine, in the south of the
county of Mayo; and Conmaicne Mara, now
the barony of Ballynahinch, in the north-
west of the county of Galway. It should
be remarked that before the Dalcassian
families, called Dealbhna, settled in West
or lar Connacht, the Conmaicne Mara, or
maritime Conmaicne, had possession of all
that part of the present county of Galway
lying west of Loch Measca (Mask) and Loch
Oirbsean (Corrib), and between Galway
and the harbour of Cael ShaUe Ruadh
(Killary), aU which district has its old
name stUl reviv^d or preserved in the cor-
rupted form of " Connamara." See Hardi-
man's edition of 0' Flaherty's lar-Connacht,
pp. 31, 92, &c. &c.
' Ciarraidhe These were also de-
scended from Fearghus, ex-king of Ulster,
and derive their name and orighi from Ciar,
one of the illegitimate sons of Fearghus, by
Meadhbh, queen of Connacht. The Ciar-
raidhe of Connacht had been seated in Mun-
ster for some centmies before they removed
to Connacht. According to a MS. in the
Library of Trinity College, Dublin, H. 3,
17, p. 875, they removed to Connacht in
the reign of Aedh, son of Eochaidh Tirm-
charna the eighth Christian king of Con-
nacht, under the conduct of Cairbre, son
of Conaire. As the account of the Ciar-
raidhe of Connacht given in that manu-
script is very curious, and determines the
situation of an ancient Irish chm'ch, the
position of which has much puzzled mo-
dern writers, the Editor is tempted here
to present the reader with a literal trans-
lation of it.
" When first did the Ciarraidhe come
into Connacht? Not difficult. In the
time of Aedh, son of Eochaidh Tirmchama.
Which of them came in first ? Not diffi-
cult. Coirbri, son of Conairi, who came
from the south of Munster, whence he had
been expelled. He came with all his peo-
ple to Aedh, son of Eochaidh Tinnchama.
Coirbri had a famous daughter, and king
Aedh asked her of her father. She came
na g-Ceapr.
101
Five score milch-cows [are also brought] over
From the Greagraidhe of the fine trees.
Twelve score cloaks of strength,
Two hundred cows without defect of reckoning,
Eiglity hogs, great their fame,
Are due of the Conmaicne*.
Five score great cows of repute.
Five score oxen of oxen
From the Ciarraidhe^, heavy the tribute^,
Are given to the king of Connacht.
one time to her father's house, and her fa-
ther conceiving great gi-ief in her presence,
she asked him whence his grief arose. ' My
being without lands in exile,' said he.
Messengers afterwards arrived from the
king to see the daughter, but she resolved
not to go to the king imtil he should give
a good tract of land to her father. ' I will
give him,' said Acdh, ' as much of the
wooded lands to the west as he can pass
round in one day, and St. Caelainn, the
pious, shall be given as a guarantee of it.'
Coirliri afterwards went round a great ex-
tent of that country, according to the mode
directed, and finally returned to his house,
and settled his people in these lands. The
men of Connacht greatly criminated Aedh
for the too great extent of land, as they
deemed, which he had given away, and
said that Coirbri should be killed. ' This
cannot be done,' said Aedh, ' for Caelainn
is guarantee for liimself and for his land.
But, however, let some beer be made by
you for him, and give him a poisonous
draught in that beer, that he may die of it'
A feast was, therefore, afterwards prepared.
This whole affair was revealed by the I^ord
to St. Caelainn, and she came to the feast.
' Why hast thou violated my guarantee?*
said she to Aedh. ' I will violate thee as
regards thy kingdom.' ' Accept thy own
award in compensation for it,' said the
king. ' I will,' said Caelainn. ' Pass thy
sentence then,' said the king. ' I will,
said she. ' Because it is through the me-
dium of beer thou soughtest to destroy
Coirbri, may the king of Connacht meet
decline or certain death if ever lie drink of
the beer of the Ciai;raidhi.' Hence it came
to pass that the Ciarraidhi never brew any
beer for the kings of Connacht. ' Grant
land to myself,' said the nun. ' Choose
it,' said the king. The Teannonn Mor
was after'wards given, where her church ia
at the present day."
St. Caelainn, who was oftlieraceof Ciar,
son of Fearghus, is still held in the highest
veneration in the territories of Ciarraidhe
Aci (in the west of tlie county of Koscoiu-
mon), and Ciarraidhe Loclia na n-Airncadh
(in the barony of Costello, and county of
Maj'o). Her church is still sometimes
called Teannonn Caclainne, and sonu-times
Teannonn ^lor. It is situate in the parish
of " Ivilkeevin," in llic territory of Ciar-
rai<Ihe Aei, altout une mile t" the oast "f
102
(Leabliap
Upi pichib bpac beapg, ruich biiB'-',
cpi pichir cope, caeB leBap,
6 ChiappaiDiB, cpuaio in Bpeac'*,
^^'-a (D)-caBaipc-^ uili ap oen leach.
t)lea^up DO 6uijniB cean lochc,
CI (t))-cup5norri ppip m long-pope''',
peachc (5)-caeca lulj^ach lUe
bo choBuipc each 6ellcaine"".
Cpi ehaeca cope, ip capBoa,
a (D)-copaccain each Saiiina,
cpi caeca bpac co n-a m-blao
oo pij Conbacc ip Cpuchan.
Ip Don chain cheaciia, po clop,
can eajoip"^^, can ain-B-plaichiip,
cpi caeca oam ap 16 ille-^
DO ppichaileam^^ chpeBaipi.
the town of " Cantlerea."' See the Ord-
nance Map of the county of Eoscomnion,
sheets 20, 26. See also the Annals of Ulster
and the Four Masters, at tlie year 1225,
where it is stated that the Englisli and the
people of Munster, having gone into the
province of Connacht to attack O'Neill
(who had gone thither to assist the sons
of Ruaidhri O'Conchobhair), attempted to
plunder this church of Tearmonn Cael-
ainne, but that they were slaughtered
through the miracles of the saint. We are,
however, informed by the Annals of Kilro-
nan, that in the year 1236 the Justiciary
of Ireland went to Connacht to assist Wil-
liam Burke, and succeeded in burning
Tearmoni} Caelainne, in despite of the peo-
ple, regardless of the sanctity of the place.
See Mac Firbisigh's Genealogies of the Irisli
Saints, p. 733, and an Inquisition, taken
on the 27th of May, 1617, which finds that
" Termon-Kealand" belonged to Uio mo-
nastery of Roscommon. See Tribes and
Customs of the Ui Fiachrach, page 153,
note ". We have still sufficient evidence
to prove the extent of the country of the
Ciarraidhe of Connacht. It comprised the
whole of the present barony of Clanmor-
ris, in the county of Mayo, except the
Tearmonn of Balla ; also that portion of the
barony of Costello belonging to the arch-
diocese of Tuam, namely, the parishes of
Aghamore, Knock, Bekan, and Annagh,
which was called Ciarraidhe Locha na
n-Airneadh; the district of Ciarraidhe Aei,
now Clann Ceilliearnaigh (O'Flaherty's
Ogt/gia, part iii. c. 46), in Roscommon, ex-
tending, according to the most intelligent
of the natives, from the bridge of" Cloon-
alis," near Castlerea, westwards to " Cloon-
eane," where it adjoins the county of Maj^o,
and from " Clooncan" to Cluain Creamh-
choille, " Clooncrafficld," where it adjoins
Uie territory of Airteach, and thence in th«
na 5-Cea|ir.
103
[Also] three score red cloaks, not black,
Three score hogs of long sides
From the Ciarraidhe, hard the sentence,
Are all to be brought to one place.
There are due of the Luighne'' -n-ithout fault,
As a supply for the residence,
Seven times fifty milch-cows hither
To be brought every May-day.
Thrice fifty bull-like hogs
To be brought every Samhain,
Thrice fifty superb cloaks
To the king of Connacht and Cruachain.
Of the same tribute, it was heard.
Without injustice, without tyranny.
Thrice fifty oxen on a day hither
To supply the ploughing.
other direction to " Cloonaff," adjoining
Lord Slountsandford's demesne ; and also
Ciarraidhe ^Virtich, wliich is still well
known, and comprises the parishes of Tibo-
hine and Kilnamanagh, in the modem
grand jurj' barony of " Frenclipark," in
tlie north-west of the county of Koscom-
mon.
K Great the tribute. It will be observed
that the kings of Connacht- contrived to
make the Ciarraidhe and other tribes, who
h;ui migrated from Munster, pay more tlian
a rateable tribute for their territory. See the
tribute paid Ijy tlie Luighne, the descend-
ants of Cormac (Jaileanga, son of Tadhg,
son of Cian, son of OiUoU Olum, king of
Munster, and by the Dealbluia, who were
of the race of Cormac Cas, son of the same
Oilioll. See note ", p. 106, infrti.
'■ Luighne These derived their n.amc
and origin from Luigli, son of Cormac
(iaileang, just mentioned, and were other-
wise called Gaileanga from the cognomen
of their ancestor. The exact limits of their
territory are preserv'ed in those of the dio-
cese of Achadh Chonaire (Achonrj') in the
counties of Sligo and Mayo. The name
Luighne is still preserved in that of the
barony of " Leyny" in the coimty of Sligo,
which was the territory of the family of
0"h-Ara {O'Hara) ; and that of Gaileanga,
their alius name, in that of the barony of
" Gallon,'' in the county of Mayo; but these
modem baronies do not comprise all the
territory of the Luighne or Gaileanga, for
we have the dearest ex-idcncc that the
entire of Sliabli Lugha, wliich forms about
the northern half of the barony of Costello,
belonged to O'Gadlira (O'Gara) and was
a part of the countrj* of the Luighne or
Gaileanga. On the increasing power of the
Anglo-Norman families of Jordan de Exe-
ter, and Nangle or Costello, tlie O'Gadhra*
• were driven out of tlieir original territory,
104
Ceabhap
Ce oa Beapam^ 6ui(T;ne lUe
a (5)-cain^° rap ceano a (D)-cipe,
ni h-iab, na cuarhtf', ip oaep ano
ace in peap'* ip a' peapano.
Qipo-ch'p na (5)-Copc, cean chpuaioi,
DO choBaipc each aen uaipi'^
DO pij5 TTlajji h-Qe^^ na n-each
peachc (B)-picInc bo, ni ban Bpeach.
Seachc (5)-caeca &o chaepaiB laipn,
peachc (5)-caecab muc co mop j^liaio",
peachc (5)-caecaD oatri, oilpi pmachc,
do beap DO pi Conoachc^^
Cpi chaeca bpac copcpa, ao clop,
can ain-pip, cean imapbup^^^
ip DO 0(h)elbnuib oleajap pm
DO pij Connachc co Cpuacham^**.
and they acquired a new settlement for them-
selves in the territory of the Greagraidhe
(" Coolavin," as already stated).
' But the grass and the land. — The ter-
ritory of Luighne or Gaileanga (for they
were originally synonymous) anciently be-
longed to an enslaved tribe of the Firbolgs
(called " Gaileans" and " Damnonians"),
who inhabited this territory down to the
third century, when ,Cormac Gaileang,
after having incurred the censure of his
father Tadhg, in Mimster, fled thither and
obtained a grant of this Firbolg territory
from his kinsman Connac mac Airt, mo-
narch of Ireland, subject, however, to the
heavy tributes which had been paid by
the dispossessed Aitheach Tuatha (Atta-
cots). See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, c. 69.
^ Corca The Editor knows no tribe of
this name in Connacht except Corca Ach-
lann and Corca Firtri, who were both of the
royal race of Eochaidh Muighmheadhan, and
Corca Mogha (in Ui Maine), descended from
Buan, the son of the druid Mogh Ruith ; D,
Mac Firb. MS. Geneal. p. 535. That dis-
trict is now supposed to be co-extensive
with the parish of Kilkerrin, near Dun-
more, in the north of Galway; but this
small territory could not have paid the im-
mense tribute mentioned in the text.
' King of Magh Aei. — The king of Con-
nacht was so called from the situation of
his palace of Cruachain in tlie Plain of
Magh Aei, or Campus Connacicc, now
Machaire Chonnacht, a beautiful plain in
the county of Rosct)mmon, extending from
near the town of Roscommon to the verge of
the barony of Boyle, and from the bridge
of " Cloonfree," near Strokestown, west-
wards to Castlerea. These are the present
limits of this plain, according to tradition,
but it would appear from the position of
Ciarraidhe Aei, that this plain extended
farther to the west.
na 5-Cea|ir.
105
Although the Luighne bring hither
Their tribute for their territory,
It is not the tribes here are ignoble
But the grass and the land' [are liable].
The high tribute of the Corca'', without severity,
To be given every time (year)
To the king of Magh Aei' of steeds,
Seven score cows, no light award™.
Seven times fifty masses of iron.
Seven times fifty hogs of great battle,
Seven times fifty oxen, lawful the tribute,
They shall give to the king of Connacht.
Three times fifty red cloaks, it was heard.
Without injustice, without transgression,
Of the Dealbhna° are these due
To the king of Connacht at Cruachain.
"No light award. — The Irish word ban
is used to denote blank in such compounds
as the present ; as bdn-TinaiDm, a defeat
caused by panic or terror, without shed-
ding blood ; ban-rhapcpa, i. e. martyr-
dom effected by subduing tlie passions,
without shedding blood.
" Dealbhnu. — Tlie Dealbhna (Delvins)
are descended from Sumann, son of
I^ughaidh Dealbhaeth, the third son of
Cas, ancestor of the family of O'Briain,
of North Munster. Their possessions in
Connacht comprised the present barony of
" Moyculleu" in the county of Galway,
which was anciently called Deall)hna
Feadlia, and Dealulma Tire da Loch, fron»
its situation between Loch Oirbsean (Cor-
rib), and Ix>ch Lurgan, or the Bay of Gal-
way ; Deall)hna Cuile Kabhair, otherwise
called Miiiiitir Fatliaidli, .situate on tlic
QA»i side of I>och Corrib, and comprising
fourteen Bniles or townlands, which be-
longed to the family of O'Fathartaigli,
"Faherty;" and Dealbhna Nuadhat, seated
between the rivers Suca (Suck) and Sion-
nain (Shannon) ; nearly all included in the
barony of "Athlone," in tlie coimty of
Roscommon. See O'Fla. Ogygia, part iii.
c 82 ; and Annals of the Four Masters, at
the years 751, 816, 1142; D. Mac Fir-
bisigh's Genealogical work (Marquis of
Drogheda's copy), p. 345 ; and Tribes and
Customs of the Ui Maine, p. 83. The family
of Mac Conroi (now " King"), O'h-Adli-
naidh (Ilyney), and O'Fathartaigh (O'Fa-
heity), were the chief families of this race
after tlie establishment of surnames. The
trilie of Dealbhna Nuadliat sank under tlic:
Ui Maine before the establishment of sur-
names. The last notice of them, in the
Annals of the Four Miusters, occurs under
tlie year 751 . There were other territories
called Dealldina, in the ancient Meath, con-
cerning whom see notes furthtr <«n.
106
Ceabhap
Cpi chaeca cope cean cacha,
cpf chaeca oam n-oeaj oaca
6 t)(h)ealBnaib ariiain — ni bpeaj;
olejap a' cdin do comeac^^.
Nocho n-ap oaipi na (b)-Feap;
mean bao h-e in peapann peapmap*"
ni chibpaiDip cdin ille,
mean bad ap ceano a (o)-cipi.'"
mop chain h-Ua TTlaine oo'n maij,
ip mebaip le cac peanchaiD;
ochcmoja*^ bpac — noco bpej,
ochcmoja** cpoc [cope], ip cpom-cp^ac.
^6 bo beapap m chain cain
6 Qib rriaine oo'n mop TTiai5«,
ip cap ceano a (D)-cfpi chall
oleagap in chain do chomall^*.
Saep-chuacha Conoacc cean cheap**,
ni oleajap oib cam coimbeap''^;
h-Ui 6piuin na lonjaib na leap%
Sil muipeaoaij na mumceap.
" It is not for ignohility of the vien,
that is, although the Dealbhna pay a great
tribute to the king of Connacht, they are
not regarded by him as slaves, as were the
Firbolg tribes who preceded them, because
they are of the royal blood of Mimster;
but having, by consent of the king, settled
in lands subject to heavy tribute at the pe-
riod of their settlement, they were obliged
to pay the tribrles which had been ren-
dered by their enslaved predecessors — See
Tribes and Customs of the Ui Maine,
p. 85, note f.
P Ui Maine, Anglice " Hy Many", &c.
i. e. the descendants of Maine, the fourth
in descent from CoUa da Chrioch, who,
Avith his brothers CoUa Uais and CoUa
Meann, subdued the greater part of Ulster,
and destroyed the palace of Eamhain Ma-
cha (Emania), in the year 332 — Vid. ibid.
pp. 54, 85, &c., and in the Life of St. Greal-
lan, the patron of this race there cited, a
full account of Maine Mor, their progeni-
tor, who settled in this territory in the
reign ofDuach Galach, the third Chris-
tian king of Connacht, who permitted
them to dispossess Cian, the Firbolg king
of the district, which was then called
Magh Sein-cheineoil, and of the extent of
the territory of the Ui Maine, &c., &c. The
extent there defined must, however, be
regarded as its extent after the conquest
x ,
na 5-Ceaiic. 107
Tlirice fifty hogs without deficiency,
Thrice fifty oxen of goodly color,
From the Dealbhna alone, — no falsehood;
It is lawful to maintain the tribute.
It is not for ignobility of the men" ;
Were it not for the grassy land
They Avould not bring tribute hither.
Unless on account of their territory.
The great tribute of the Ui MaineP to the plain (of Cruachain),
It is recollected by every historian ;
Eighty cloaks, — it is no falsehood ;
Eighty hogs, a heavy herd.
Though this fine tribute is given
By_the Ui Maine to the great plain (of Cruachain),
It is for their own country'' _ -
That it is lawful to keep up the tribute.
The free tribes of Connacht without sorrow,
No ample tribute of them is due ;
The Ui Briuin*" of the ships of the seas,
The Siol Muireadhaigh* of the tribes.
o
of the Deallilina Nuadhaf, who possessed ■■ The Ui Briuin (Nepotes Briani), the
the territory Ij-ing between tlie rivers Suca descendants of Brian, brotlier of Niall of
(Suck) and Sionnain (Shannon), till about tlie Nine Hostages. Tliese were consi- -
the beginning of the ninth century, when dered the relatives of the king of Connacht,
they were vanquished and enslaved by the and were exemjit from the payment of tri-
celebrated warrior Cathal, son of OilioU, bnte. After the estal)lif.hment of surnames,
king of Ui Maine Ibid. the principal families of tliis race were those
n For their country, that is, because tlie of OX-'onchobhair (O'Conors) of Connacht,
Ui Maine {Sepolrs Manii, the Ulster of O'Klaitlibheartaigh (O'Flahertys) of
tribe) were permitted by the king of Conn- the Ui Briuin Seola (the ijarony of Clare,
acht to subdue the Firbolgs, who paid the in the county of Galway), of O'Kuairc
tribute of an enslaved people. Tlic for- (0'R()urkes) of West Breifne (the county of
mer, therefore, were ol)liged to i)ay tlie Leitriiii), and of O'Kagliallaigh (O'Keillys)
same tribute, though tiiey wen^ considered of Fvist Breifno (the comity of Cavan), witli
noble, M being of tiic race of C'^nn of tlie \arioufl collateral branches.
Hundred Battles. • .SVi)/ Miiirrndhiiitih, 1. r. Ihr ^^e(•ll (ir
.08
Ceabhap
I1-U1 Piachpach in moi^i moip,
Cenel n-Qeoa, — ni h-6coip,
n? bleajap diB cam na pmachr"
bo chobaipc 00 pij Conoacc.
Na clanoa pin can chip coin^^,
mab ail, ploinbeao^^ a pochaip :
corh-buchaij ooib imale
ce be Dib oa po in pije.
!5^ b^ Dib beach laip i (5)-cach
le pij Conoachc ip Cpuachan,
bia mapbchap bo jaib no 'n-gleic*'
bleajap** a ic 'p-a epeic,
Uaip nocho blij neach^^ bib-pin
Dul 1 (5)-cach no comlonoaib**
la pi Conbacc chaime cpuib,
minab" ap ceanb cuapipruil.
race of Miiireadhach Muilleathan, king of
Connacht. See the Introduction. After
the establishment of surnames, the princi-
pal families of this race, who were the most
distinguished of the Ui Briuin, were those
of O'Conchobhair (O'Conors) of Magh Aei,
kings of Connacht; of Mac Diarmaid (Mac
Dermots) of Magh Lurg (Moylurg) ; of
Mac Oireachtaigh (Geraghtys), cliiefs of
Muintir Roduibh ; of O'Fionnachtaigh,
chiefs of Clanna Conmhuighe (Clancon-
way) ; and various other collateral fami-
lies.
' Vi Fiachrach — There were two tribes
of this name in Connacht, descended from
Fiachra, the brother of the Irish monarch
Niall of the Nine Hostages. The more
powerful tribe of the name, the northern
Ui Fiachrach, possessed the present baro-
nies of " Carra," "Erris," and "Tirawley,"
in the county of Mayo, and the barony of
Tir Fhiachrach (Tireragh), in the county of
SUgo. After the establishment of sur-
names, the families of O'Dubhda and
O'Caemhain were the most distinguished
of this tribe See the Tribes and Customs,
&c., of the Ui Fiachrach, passim. The
other Ui Fiachrach of Connacht, the Ui
Fiachrach Aidhne (south Ui Fiachrach),
were seated in the south-west of the county
of Galway, and their territory was exactly
co-extensive with the diocese of Cill Mhic
Duach (KQmacduagh), as we learn from
the Life of St. Colmau Mac Duach (H. 2,
16, p. 495), who was their patron, and aU
whose territory was placed by Guaire
Aidlme, king of Connacht, in his bishop-
ric about the year 610. " ConiD ip
in mai^in pin po poraijeao Cell
iTiic t)i]ac, comb leip Qione uile,
acupclann ^huaipe mic Colmdin
oppin amac co bpac", i. e. " So that
na 5-Ceapr.
109
The Ui Fiachrach' of the great plain,
The Cineal Aedha", — not unjust,
They are not liable to rent or tribute,
To give to the king of Connacht.
Of these tribes without any tribute,
If it be pleasing, I shall name their privileges :
Of the same race are they all together,
Which ever of them shall attain to the kingship.
Whoever of them goes with him into battle
With the king of Connacht and Cruachain,
If he die of wounds or be killed in battle,
It is a duty (of the king) to pay his eric.
For not one of these is bound
To go into battle or conflicts
With the king of Connacht of the fair rewards.
Unless for the sake of stipend^.
in that place was founded CillMic Duach, so
that all Aidhne, and the race of Guaire, son
of Colman, belong to him [Mac Duach] for
ever." The principal families of this tribe
after the establishment of surnames, were
those of O'h-Eidhin (O'Heynes), O'Clerigh
(0*Clerj-s), and Mac Giolla Ceallaigh
(Kilkellys), who were descended from
king Guaire Aidhne, and of O'Seachnasaigh
(O'Shaughnessys), who sprung from Aedh,
the uncle of king Guaire. St. Colman,
the patron saint of this tribe, was the son
of Duach, who was the son of Ainmire, son
of Conall, son of Eoghan jVidlme, the an-
cestor of the Ui Fiachrach Aidhne.
" Cineal Acdfia, i. e. the tril)e of Aedli.
This wa.s the tribe-name of O'Seachnasaigh,
a subsection of the Ui Fiachrach Aidline.
Most modern writers have spoken of the
Cineal Acdha and Ui Fiachrach Aidlme as
if they were n difTiTcnt race, but tlie ninst
ancient pedigrees make the Cineal Aedha a
subdivision of the Ui Fiachrach Aidlme.
This incorrectness became general among
the Irish writers. After the English inva-
sion O'h-Eidhin and O'Seachnasaigh be-
came independent of each other, when the
former, being the senior, and of the race
of Guaire, took the title of diiof of the Ui
Fiachrach Aidhne, and (he latter the title
of chief of Cineal Aedha.
* For the sake of stipend. — That is,
these tribes were considered the king's re-
latives, and they were not bound to serve
the king in his wars except for pay; and
if any of them were killed in battle while
in the service of the king of Connacht, the
king was to pay to his tril)e mulct or eric
for him, according to his dignity. This
was a great privilege enjoyed by the de-
scendants of the brothers of the mo.iarch
NiiiU of tlic Nine Ilostages in Connacht.
110 Ceabhaji
Qn cpdrh nach (m)-bia piji chuai6
ac pil Piachpa^"^ ip ^uaipi jluaip,
ipeao bleajaio, — ni gpom jape,
leachguala dipb-pig Conoacc^'.
X)a (o)-ceacTTia6 t)0 oeij-peap oib
a rip D'pacbail pe h-ain-pip
juala each pij chuicib coin
011516 each pi o'a pijoiB.
ITIaich bo (p)uaip 6enean co beachc
m c-eolipa, — ni h-egeeapc;
ploinbpeao-pa map aca pin,
a baine ana, eipcij 1 . • • GlSCl^ MB SeNCUS.
t)0 UhUQRUSU06^* cuach Conbacc ano po 6 dipo-pij
CpuGchan: dp ip cap ceanb peapaino^^ ucup cuapipcail icaic-peom
cipa, acup nocho n-ap ootpi ceneoil, dp 10 bpadiaip an'^'^uppaio bib-
linaib. Ipuibiu po bic conib'^' be impaicach plaichip acup each piji 6
n-gobaiV''^ co pecchi, mina pallaig pal pinjaili, [no] popbpecr pop
naebu^no biulcab baipci, comb be impai plaic''^ uaibib: acup conab
lapam pojnaio^* cfp acup jabaib cuapipcol 6 cellach nd pill acup nd
bell a t)ia,
Dlijio bno plaich Sil muipeaoaij; pdil acup eppib pij Conoacc,
acup a pciach acup a claioeam acup a 6uipeach.
Cuic eich acup cuic claibirh acup cuic longa acup cuic lui-
peacha bo pij Llmaill.
Se pceich acup pe elaibirii acup pe h-eich acup pe h-inaip acup
p4 euipno bo pij Cpecpaibi.
[Cuic cuipn ou pi t)elbna.]
[Ceiclipi map, ceichpi claionri, ceichpi mo^aib, ceichpi mnd,
ceichpi luipeca], bd pdlaij acup bd pichchiU acup beich (5)-euipn
acup beich n-eich 00 pij Conmaicne,
Seachc m-bpuic acup peachc n-inaip acup peachc n-eich acup
peachc (5)-coin do pij h-Ua ITIaine.
w / shall state it as it is The writer scribe the tribes as they stood in liis own,
had probably an older poem before hiin, not in St. Benean's time. See tlie Intro-
which he shaped into such form as to de- duction.
na 5-Cea]ir. Ill
Whenever kingship shall not be in the north
With the race of Fiachra and the noble Guaire,
They are entitled, — it is no trifling privilege,
To sit by the side of the supreme-king of Connacht.
Should it happen that a good man of them
Should leave his territory through injustice,
■ To sit by the side of the king of whatsoever province
Is the right of each king of their kings.
Well has Benean exactly found <
This knowledge — it is no injustice;
I shall state it as it is",
Ye noble people, hear it ! . . . HEARKEN TO A HISTORY.
OF THE STIPENDS of the chieftainries of Connacht here from
the supreme king of Cruachain : for it is for the lands and stipends they
pay tributes, and not for ignobility of race, for the chiefs of all are noble
brethren. Audit is in right of that [i. e. their equality of blood] that
every one of them may approach to assume all sovereignty and kingship
alike, if not debarred by the defilement of the slaying of a kinsman, or
the oppressing of saints, or the renouncement of baptism, and it is by
these alone his right to sovereignty should depart from him : and hence
it is that they pay tribute to and receive stipend from a [regal] house
which has not turned back or separated from God.
The king of Siol Muireadhaigh is entitled to the ring and dress of
the king of Connacht, and to his shield and sword and armour.
Five steeds and five swords and five ships and five coats of mail to
the king of Umhall.
Six shields and six swords and six steeds and six tunics and six
drinking-horns to the king of Greagraidhe.
Five drinking-horns to the king of Dcalbhna.
Four tunics, four swords, four bondmen, four women, four coats
of mail, two rings and two chess-boards and ton drinkiiig-liorns and ten
steeds to the king of Conmaicne.
Seven cloaks and seven tunics and seven steeds and seven hounds
to the king of Ui Maine.
112 teabhayi
t)eich n-eich acup oeich m-bpuic acup oeich (5)-cuipn acup
oeich (5)-com do pij Cuijne.
Cuic eich acup coic macailacup cuic claioim, [cuij luipeaca, Da
palaij, oeich n-ec, Deich (5)-clai6ini] acupoeich (5)-cuipn acupDeich
inojaiD acup oeich (b)-pichchilla do pijj h-Ua Tn-6piuin.
Upi cuipn acup cpi claiDnii acup cpi h-eich acupoeich (b)-pail5i
acup Deich (b)-pichchilla oo pij h-Ua Piachpach in cuaipceipc.
Seachc mojaio acup peace mna oaepa acup peachc (5)-cuipn
acup cpi^^ claiDrhi acup cpi^ com Do pij Ceneoil n-Qeoa.
Cpi h-inaip acup cpi cuipn acup cpi h-eich bo pij papcpaiji.
IpariilaiD pin miDi^ceap pebpa [acup cuapipcla] pij cuach Con-
Dace. Comb DOibpo cheao in [bapp buaoac] 6enean [co n-abap] po.
CUaRlSCa^ cuicio* ChonDacc
il-lebap chaerh lo chonoapc,
'n-a (D)-cabaip d'g^^ chuachaib chuaio
pi ConDacc, ceano in mop pluai j.
t^ligib in peap ip peapp bib
DO pil TTluipeaoaij 6'n pijj
pail acup eppiD ip each,
pciach, claioearh acup 6uipeach.
iDlijiD pi Uiiiaill, cean ace,
coic eich 'n-a chip cean cpomoachc,
CUIC claiDiTTi choppa chacha,
CUIC lonja, cuic luipeacha.
t)li5iD pi Oelbna 6 0(h)puini 6eich
pe claiDim acup pe peer,
pe h-eich, pe h-inaip, co n-6p,
acup pe cuipn pe^^ corii-ol.
tJlijiD pi CpecpaiDi jloin
pe^° h-aipm acup pe'° h-inaip,
pe'° mojaiD, pe mna oaepa,
pe luipeacha Idn chaema'^'.
« Siol Mvireadhaigh See p. 107, note », snpra.
na 5-Ceapc. iio
Ten steeds and ten cloaks and ten drinking-horns and ten hounds
to the king of Luighne.
Five steeds and five matals and five swords, five coats of mail, two
rings, ten steeds, ten swords and five drinking-horns and ten bondmen
and ten chess-boards to the king of Ui Briuin.
Three drinking-horns and three swords and three steeds and ten
rings and ten chess-boards to the king of the northern Ui Fiachrach,
Seven bondmen and seven bondwomen and seven drinking-horns
and three swords and three hounds to the king of Cineal Aedha.
Three tunics and three drinlung-horns and three steeds to the king
of Partraidhe.
Thus are estimated the worthiness and the title to stipends of the
kings of the territories of Connacht. Of them the gifted son Benean
composed this [poem].
THE STIPENDS of the pro^nnce of Connacht
In a fair book I have seen.
Which are given to his chieftainries in the north
By the king of Connacht, head of the great host.
Entitled is the man who is best of them
Of the Siol Muireadhaigh" from the king
To a ring and a dress and a steed.
To a shield, sword and coat of mail.
Entitled is the king of UmhalP, without condition,
To five steeds in his country witliont heaviness,
Five polished swords of battle,
Five ships, five coats of mail.
Entitled is the king of Dealbhna^ of Druim Leith
To six swords and six shields.
Six steeds, six tunics, with gold [ornaments].
And six drinking-horns for banquets.
Entitled is the king of fair Greagraidhe*
To six weapons and six tunics,
Six bondmen, six bondwomen,
Six completely beautiful coats of mail.
y Umhall — See p. 98, note •■, supra. * Greapraid/ie. — See page 9'.), note *■,
' Dealbhna. — Seep. 105, note ", siipri). stipri.
114
Leabhap
Oil jiD pt Conrhaicne coiji
oeich (5)-cuipn ap n-Dul 'n-a ceac n-6il,
oeich n-e)ch luacha pop a lino^* [^'"5' ^-J'
DO palai j ip Da pichchiU.
Olijib p{ h-Ua niame in meano
peace m-bpuic, peace n-jaBpa rap jleann''^
peer (5)-coin ppi copao pealga
i[p] peachc n-inaip upp-beapga^^
tJlijiD pi ^uijne'* r\a laech
oejch n-eich, oeich m-bpuic, — nocho baech,
oeicli (5)-cu>pn ppi caichearh''' meaoa,
oeich (5)-coin chaeriia chnep jela".
Dlijib pi h-Ua m-6piuin co m-blai6^*
cuic eich acup cujc macail,
cuic claioim, oeic (5)-cuipn chama,
oeicli mojaiD, oeich (B)-picc}iealla.
tDlijib pi na (5)-Copc 6'n choiU
cuic maipc acup coic maraill,
cuic claiorhi nap claf^ ppi cnairh
cuic luipeacha ppi lom ^aib.
tDlijio pi papcpaioi m puipc®"
cpi cuipn, cpJ claiomi 'no chair,
cpi h-inaip acup rpi h-eich
6 pij Cpuachan cean cam cleich.
i* Conmaicne Seep. 100, note*, suprh.
<= Ui Maine See p. 106, note p, supra.
"> Horses, Gabhra. — It is stated in Cor-
mac's Glossaiy that when this word is
applied to a horse it should be written with
an o ; and indeed it generally is, but the
scribes here have Gabhar in the text of both
copies of the Book of Eights. Cormac says :
" Gabhar, written with an a, quasi ca-
per; but when written with an o it is
applied to a horse, and it is said to be
a corruption of the Welsh '■Goory [QMisre
goi-wydd ?] The author of the Life of Aedh
or St. Aldus, published by Colgan, at 28th
Februarj', translates Lochgahhra by stag-
man equi; and Colgan remarks (note 14,
p. 422) that gabhar is a very ancient Scotic
and British word for equus, which is each
in modern Irish.
^ Luighne — See p. 103, note '', supra.
na 5-Cea{ir. 115
Entitled is the king of hospitable Conniaicnfe''
To ten clrinking-horns on going into his drinking- house,
Ten swift steeds on which to mount.
Two rings and two chess-boards.
Entitled is the king of Ui Maine*^ the illustrious
To seA-^en cloaks, seven horses'* over the valley,
Seven hounds for the purpose of the chase
And seven deep-red tunics.
Entitled is the king of Luighne* of the heroes
To ten steeds, ten cloaks, — not silly,
Ten drinking-horns for quaffing mead,
Ten beautiful white-skinned hounds.
Entitled is the king of Ui Briuin' of Innie
To fiv§ steeds and five matals,
Five swords, ten crooked drinking-horns.
Ten bondmen, ten chess-boards.
Entitled is the king of the Corca^ of the Avood
To five war-horses and five matals.
Five swords not to be resisted by a bone,
Five coats of mail against bare javelins.
Entitled is the king of Partraidhe*^ of the port
To three drinking-horns, three swords as his share.
Three tunics and three steeds
From the king of Cruachain without any concealment.
' Ui Briuin — See p. 107, note ■■, supra. it would appear from Giolla losa Mor Mac
J Corca — See p. 104, note '', supiu. Firbisigh of Leacan, that this territoiy was
^ Pnrtraitlhe. — This is still the name of originally more extensive See Tribes aixl
a well-known territory in the county of Customs of the Ui Fiachrath, pp.47, 152,
Mayo. It forms the western portion of the 187, 180,202. See also O'Fla. Ogijgia,
barony of " Carra," and is now believed to part iii. c. xi., where mention is made of
be co-e.\tensive with the parish of Odlibha three territories of this name, viz.: " I'ar-
(Jeara (Ballovcy, alno " I'artiy"), in whitli trigia" of Ceara, whirh is the one just di'-
there is a range of mountains called Sliabli scril)ed ; " Partrigia" of the Lake, in wliicli
I'artraidhe (.-//i^/iW Slieve Partr)-); but is situated the abbey of Cong, and tbi-
I 2
116 Leabhap
Upi cuipn DO pi h-Ua Piachpach,
rpt clotDiTii pe**' cloD cliadiach,
Cpi h-eich nach caibne ceana [i n-Qi6ne in lean?ia, B]
oeich (b)-Fail5i, Deich (B)-FichrhiUa.
[t)li?;i6 pt Ceneoil Qe6a
peace mna, peace mo^aio Daepa,
cpi cuipn acup cpt claibirh
acup rpi coin ppi ourha a n-ooipib].
Ipeao pin oleajaio cuarha
cli6iciD Chonoaclic ip Cpuachna
6 pij muiji b-QeS* na n-aj,
DO neoch olijeap ruapipcal UUQRlSUQr..
plain on which the first battle of Magh tain of St. Patrick (Crnach Phadraig) to
Tuireadh was fought; and " Patrigia" of Loch Oirbsean (Comb).
the Mountain, extending from the moun- MJiFiachrach — Seep. 108, note', sj/pra.
Ha 5-Cea|ic. 117
Three drinkiiig-hornb to the king of Ui Fiachrach',
Three swords for the overthrow of battles,
Three steeds in Aidhne of the ale,
Ten rings, ten chess-boards.
Entitled is the king of Ceneal Aedha
To seven women, seven enslaved bondmen,
Three driuking-horns and three swords
And three hounds for his foi'est hunting-shed''.
«
To such are the chieftainries eu titled
Of the province of Connacht and Cruachain,
From the king of Magh Aei- of the oxen,
Such as are entitled to stipend THE STIPENDS.
^Hunting-shed. Oliliia is sometimes sat whilst his hmitsmen and hounds were
api.lied to a shed or hut, put up in a wood engaged around him in the chase — Fide
or momitain, in which the king or chief oumu peulja, in the Dinn-Seanchus.
118 Ceabliaji
III. 1. Dli5liear)]i Pigb Q1I15I1.
CISSQ pij Qili j acu]^ a chuapipcal anb po, acup a chipa-pon 6
rliuuchaib acup a ruapipral-pon DoiB-peom.
Ceo caepuch acup ceac bpac acup ceac bo acup ceac cope 06 6
Chuileanopaioi inb pin.
Upica cope acup cpicha bo acup cpicha mole 6 Chuaich Rara.
[Upi ceac cope acup cpi ceuc bo acup cpf c^ac mole 6 [peapaiB
f>uip5.]
[Cpf ceao bo, cpi ceao mapc, ceao cine 6j pij b-Ua piachpach,
Ceac mapc acup ceac bo acup ceac cope acup' caeca bpac a
li-Llib mic Caipcbaino.
Cpi cheoc cope, cpi ceac bo, cpf ceac mapc 6 Chiarioacca ^lennu
^emin.
t)eich (5)-ceac^ luljachj ceac mapc, caeca bam, caeca cope 6
P(h)eapaib L >.
Ceo luljacb, caeca cope, caeca bpac 6 Uib Cuipcpi.
Ceo mapc, c6ac lul^ach, caeca bpac 6 peapaiB ITlui^i
Icha.
Saep-chuucha CIili,^ .). Culuch O5 acup Cpaeb acup Dla^
u-lcha acup 1ni)" Go^om acup CeneL Conaill: conio ooib po cha-
cham in r-eouaeh .1. 6einen mac Sepcnen':
■•> It has already been exiilained tliat ster, unlike the other {iruvinces, was at
these headings are not in the original. this period divided into tin'oe great terri-
They are merely used to make breaks, and tories, Aileach, Oirgliialla, and Uladh, go-
to mark the order of the work : and it will verned by three ehief kings, eaeh indepen ■
here be observed that tiie provinee of I'l- dent of ihi' other.
na 5-Cea|ic. . 119
III— THE PRIVILEGES OF THE KINGS OF AILEACH, OF
THE OIRGHIALLA, AND OF ULADII.
III. — 1. The Privileges of the King ok Aileach*.
Tlie tributes of the king of Aileach and his stipends here, and'' his
tributes from his territories, and his stipends to them.
A hundred sheep and a hundred cloaks and a hundred cows and a
hundred hogs from Cuileantraidhe.
Thirty hogs and thirty cows and thirty wethers from Tuath Eatha.
Three hundred hogs and three hundred cows and three hundred
wethers from the men of Lurg.
Three hundred cows, three hundred beeves, a hundi'ed tinnes from
the king of Ui Fiachrach.
A hundred beeves and a hundred cows and a hundred hogs and
fifty cloaks from the Ui Mic Caerthainn.
Three hundred hogs, three hundred cows, three hundred beeves
from Cianachta of Gleann Geimhin.
Ten hundred milch-cows, a hundred beeves, fifty oxen, fifty hogs
from the Fir Li.
A hundred milch-cows, fifty hogs, fifty cloaks from the Ui Tuirti'e.
A hundred beeves, a hundred milch-cows, fifty cloaks from the men
of Magh lotha.
The free chieftainships*^ of Aileach, i.e. Tulach Og and Craebh and
Magh lotha and Inis Eoghain and Cineal Chonaill : of these the learned
man, viz., Benean, son of Sescnean, sang:
''.'/;/(/, CtCU p. This should be .1. id est, ^Frce rliirftninx/iips — Thiw tiiht-H >veie
(ir videlicet, fitr the second part of tlic free from tril)Ute, bciause tlioy wore o( the
clause expresses Ihc same as the first, and s.mie blood witli the kin^^of Aileach, lu'lng
sliould not, therefore, be connected willi it all descended from Niall of the Nine llos-
liy a ropulative conjimction. Uiges.
120
Leabhaji
CGQPC pij Ctilij, eij^[c]i6 pip.
Icip 6aipib nach oimip ^
blijio cpo6, ni cip uaichib, { oJi(u^l
6 pimb, 6 P(h)op-chuar}iaib.
Ceo caepach, ceao bpac, c^ao bo
acup ceuo rope cobaip 66,
6 ChuileanGpaiD in chocaib
DO pij Ctilij lap n-obuip.
Cpi cheao* rope a Cuaicli Rdrha*,
rpi chet)^ bo co m-bltcc bacha^,
cpiclia molr a mip buioi
blij^iD pi^ Qilij, uili,
Cpi ceuc cope 6 peapaib 6uipc,
cpi cheo bo, ni bee in cpuio",
cpi ceac mole i n-a° m-beachai^
oo pi^ Qilij ailc leachain.
DI1516 DO pi h-Ua Piachpach
cpi ceac bo, — ni b65'« bpiachpac,
ceab mapc ip ceac cinoi cpom
00 pij Pebail na (b)-Faen lonj.
•^ Aileach (Ely, Greenan-Ely) a fort,
■with remains in stone, in Donegal, near
Lough Swilly, and on the isthmus divid-
ing it from Lough Foyle, barony of Inish-
owen. The remains of Grianan Ailigh (the
palace of Aileach), which was the palace
of the kings of the northern Ui Neill (Ne-
potes Neilli) is mimitely described in the
Ordnance Memoir of the parish of Temple-
more. See also Colgan's 2'iias Thaitm.
p. 181, note 169: " A priscis scriptoribus
Aileach Neid hodie vulgo Ailech appelle-
tur. Fuit perantiqua Regum llibeniiae se-
ilcs C't post tcmpora fidei per eosdem dcre-
licla, Tcmoria denuo repetita ct restaurata.
Jacet in peninsula."
" Forthuatka, i. e. strange tribes who
settled in the province, not of the king's
own race.
f Cuileantraidhe This territory is men-
tioned in the Annals of the Four Masters
at the year 1156, but nothing has yet
turned up to show its exact situation.
e Tuath Rutha — (^Anfflice, Tooraah) a
territory in the north-west of the county
of Fermanagh, all included in the present .
barony of " Magheraboy." After the es-
tablishment of surnames, the family of
O'Flanagain (O'Flanagans) were the chief-
tains of tliis territory, but tributary to
na 5-Cea|ic. 121
THE RIGHT of the king of Aikach'*, listen ye to it.
Among the oak-forests immeasurable
He is entitled to income, no trifling tribute,
From the tribes [and] from the Forthuatha*.
A hundred sheep, a hundred cloaks, a hundred cows
And a hundred hogs are given to him,
From Cuileantraidhe^ of the war
To the king of Aileach laboriovisly.
Three hundi-ed hogs from Tuath Eatha^,
Three hundred cows with copious milk,
Thirty wethers in the yellow month [August]
Are due to the king of Aileach, all.
Three hundred hogs from the men of Lurg'',
Three hundred cows, not small the wealth,
Three hundred wethers living
To the king of Aileach of the spacious house.
There is due from the king of Ui Fiachrach*
Three hundred cows, — not a promise of words,
A hundred beeves and a hundred heavy tinnesJ
To the king of Feabhal (Foyle, i. e. of Aileach) of the ready
ships.
Mac Uidliir (Maguire). belonging to the see of DeiTy. Ussher
'' The men of Lurg The inhabitants of states (Frimordia, \). 857) tliat the church
tlic barony of Lurg, in the north of the ofArdstraw, and many otlier clunvhcs of
CDunty of Fermanagh, are still so called. (Ipheathrach [0'1'iacluach] were tiken
.Vfter the establishment of surnames the from the see of Clogher, and incorporated
family of O'Maelduin (O'Muldoons) were with that of Derry. This tril>eof Ui Fiach-
Ihe chiefs of tliis territory, but tributary to rach are to Ik- distinguished from those of
head chiefs of Fernuuiagh. Connacht, already nientioiicd, p. 108, note',
' Ui Fiachrach Tlieac were the people mipnl ; these were «( the people called
(ailed by the Irish annalists Ui Fiachrach Oirgliialla, and descended from Fiachrach,
Arda Siatha (of " Ardstraw"). They were sun of Fare, the eldest son of CoUa Uais,
seated along the river Dearg, in the north- monarch of Ireland in the fourth cen-
west of tlie county of Tyrone, and their tury. See O'Flaherty's Opi/ffia, part iii.
district comprised the parish of " Ard- c. 76.
•.Iraw." and some ailjoining parishes, now ' 7V/i/ir.-Tlus word is explained Lnict'in,
122
Leabhap
Ceo mapc a h-Uib TTlic Caipchainb
acup ceac cope, — »ii paipchim,
caeca bo, cio oul t»lij5i6",
caeca bpac co m-bdn bilib'-.
Cpi cheo cope Fpi cuiUceap chuaij'"',
cpi cheaD bo pp' biachao pluaij,
rpi cheao mapc, ip main cocaio,
6 Chianoacca m cpom chocaio".
t)eich (5)-ceac luljach 6 luce 6i,
ceac mapc, ip bpeach pipinoi,
ip caeca oam bo oamaib
la caeca cope cpom rapai6'\
bacon, in the Book of Leacan, fol. 165, and
muc pailci, a salted pig, in a Glossary
•in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy,
and translated lardum, by 'O'Colgan, in his
version of Brogan's metrical life of St. Brid-
get, Trias Thaum. p. 516, line 23. It is
translated a sheep in Vallancey's Collecta-
nea, vol. iii. p. 514, but that was a mere
- guess. It will be observed that the prose here
differs from the verse, the former having
three hmidred hogs (copc), three hun-
dred cows (bo), and three hundred we-
thers (mole) ; and the latter three hun-
dred cows (bo), a hundred beeves, and a
hundred cmni. The Avord is sometimes
used, like the modern pine, to denote a ring
of a chain, as cinne apjaiD, a ring of
silver — Cormac's Glossaiy, t'oceOuap;
cmne dip, a ring of gold Irish Calen-
dar, 17th June. It is quite evident from
the text of this poem that cinne is in-
tended to denote some animal ; and the
bacvin of the Book of Leacan, and the
laidum of Colgan, prove to a certainty that
it means a hog killed anil salted.
'' Ui Mic Caerthuinn, i. c. the descen-
dants of Forgo, son of Caerthainn, who was
son of Earc, grandson of CoUa Uais, mo-
narch of Irelmid. The territory inhabited
by this sept was called Tir mic Caerthainn,
a name still retained in that of the barony
of Tir Chaerthainn, AngKce " Tirkeerin,"
in the west of the county of Derry.
O'FIaherty, in his Ogygia, part iii. c. 76,
very correctly describes this tribe as " near
the Bay of Lough Fevail'' [Feabhail,
Anglice Foyle], which washes the coimty
of Derry, dividing it from the county of
Donegal.
' The Cianachtu, Chein lochia, i. e. the
race of Cian, who was the son of Oilioll
Olutti, kuig of Munster in the third century.
The district is no\v the barony of " Kee-
nacht." Before the family of O'Cathaiu
(O'Kane) increased in numbers and power,
tliis territory was in the possession of O'Con-
chubhixir of Gleann Geimhin (O'Conor of
Glengiven), descended from Fionnchadli
Uallach, son of Connla, son of Tadlig,
son of Cian ; and tliough so displaced (in
tlie twelfth century) the family was never
Tia 5-Ceapr.
123
A hundred beeves tVoiii the Ui Mie Caerthainu'^
And a hundred hogs, — 'tis not very trifling,
Fifty cows, a lawful payment,
Fifty cloaks with white borders.
Three hundred hogs by which the north is replenished,
Three hundred cows to feed the host,
Three hundred beeves, wealth for Avar,
From Cianachta' of the abundant store.
Ten hundred milch-cows from the people of Li"™,
A hundred beeves, it is the award of truth.
And fifty oxen of oxen
With fifty hogs of heavy bellies.
rooU'd out, for the '' O'Conors" are still
mimerous iii " Glengiveu," which was the
ancient name of the vale of the river Roa
(Roe), near " Dungivcn," which flows
through the very centre of this Cianachta.
— See Dublin Penny Joimial, vol. i. p. 103.
It is curious to observe the great amount
of the tribute paid to the king of Aileach
by this exotic tribe of the race of Eibhear,
from Munstcr.
'•" The people of Li, called Fir Li and
Fir Li of the Bann. They were descended
from Liicghaire, son of Fiachra Tort, son
of Eochaidli, who was son of Colla Uais,
monarch of Ireland, in the fourth centurj'.
See Ogtjf/ia, part iii. c. 76. The country
possessed by this sept wafl sometimes called
Magh Li, and sometimes translated Leao-
riim fines [TVios Thnum. p. 146], and is
described in the Book of I.K?acan as ex-
lending from I5ir to Camus. That it was
on the west side of tlie river Bann ap-
pears from tlie Irisli Calendar of the
n'Clerighs, at 0th .laniiarj-, which i)lacr>
)ii it tile ciiurch of Achadh Dublilliaigli
(Aghadowey) a pai'ish on the west side of
the Bann, in the barony of " Coleraine."
Thus: "^uaipe 6605 6 Qchao
tDubraij 1 TTlGij^^i pop bpu 6anna,
i. e. Guaire Beag from xVcIuidli Dubhthaigh
in Magh Li, on the brink of the Banna."
But, on the increasing power of the family
of O'Cathain, the Fir Li were driven across
the Bann, and were unquestionably on the
east side of it at the period of the P^nglish
invasion. In the translation of the Tiipar-
titc Life of St. Patrick, Colgan errs egre-
giously in placing this territory, and the
mountain of Sliabh Callaiim (SHeve Gal-
lion), on the east side of the Bann ; for,
though tlie people were on tlie east side of
the river in Colgan's, not St. Patrick's
time, the mountain, fortunately, remains
in its original position, and still shows tliat
Colgan niistraiLHlated his original See
lYuis Thaum. pp. 116, 18; also the Fuli-
tor's translation of the Annals of the Four
Masters, p. ."iS, note ^ and Dublin I'liiiiy
.biuriial, vol. i.. article " Dunseverick,"
p 3fiJ.
124
Leabha]!
Ceo luljach 6 Oiuachaib Copr"*,
caeca nnbi, caeca cope,
[la]coeca 6pac n-oacha bo
6 D(h)un na h-Uiopi a n-aen 16.
Ceo mapc 6 peapaib TTIuiji
ip ceac luljuch Ian buioi",
caeca bpar, ip bpeach chdnu,
bo pij Qilij imbana.
Nf blijeano's a Uulaij O5
cam DO pij Pebail na (b)-p6c,
oaij jabchap'^ ap a cip ceanb
piji pop peapajb 6pino.
Nocho oAeajap ap in Chpaib
cip bo pij CtiliJ5 CO n-aib,
ni blea^ap a Hluij Icha
cdin nd^o cache cap caeih^' chpicha.
" The Tuathas of Tort, i.e. of the Ui
Tuirtre, a people seated on the east side
of the Bann and Lough Neagh, in Antrim.
These were also the descendants of Fiachra
Tort, the grandson of King CoUa Uais. —
See Ogygia {ubi supra). Ui Tuirtre was
given as a name to a deanery in the dio-
cese of " Comior," in Colgan's time, and
its extent can still be determined. The
parishes of "Eacavan," "Kamoan," and
" Donnagorr," and the churches of " Down-
kelly" (Drummaul), and " Kilgad" (Con-
nor), and the island of Inis Toide in Loch
Beag near Toom Bridge, are mentioned as
in it See Colgan's Trias Thaum. p. 183.
The subdivisions of Ui Tuirtre continued
to be called "Tuoghs" iu the reign of
James I., and later See P(jpe Nicholas'
Taxation of Down, Connor and Dromore,
by the Rev. William Reeves, M. B.
° Fijly tinnes. — It will be observed that
the prose has no word corresponding with
this — See above p. 121, note ", supra. We
may safely conclude that it is " a salted
pig," or a pig made into bacon.
P Dun na h- Uidhre There is no place
of tliis name now in the territory of Ui
Tuirtre.
1 OfMagh — The prose has Magh Itha,
which is correct. It is an extensive plain
iji the barony of " Raphoe," Donegal. The
church of " Donaghmore," near the little
town of Castletinn, is mentioned in the Tri-
partite Life of St. Patrick (Hb. ii. c. 114),
as in this plain. See Colgan, Trias Thamn.
p. 144, and p. 181, note 163, where its po-
sition is described by Colgan as follows :
" Per regionem Magh-ithe, c. 114. Est regi-
uncula campestris Tir-Conalliaj ad ripaui
flu'minis Fiimei." According to the bardic
na 5-Ceapr.
125
A hundred niilch-cows from the Tuathas of Tort",
Fifty tinnes", fifty hogs,
With fifty colored cloaks [are given] to him
From Dun-na-h-UidhreP in one day.
A hundred beeves from the men of Magh^
And a hundred milch-cows full rich,
Fifty cloaks, an award of tribute,
To the intrepid king of Aileach.
There is not due from Tulach Og"^
A tribute to the king of Feabhal of the banqtiets,
Because it is in its proud land is assumed c^^ Aj^j^ ^^ Bftu^^U J2.^
The sovereignty over the men of Eire. (Miitii I /' j
There is not due out of the Craebh* /^^lOII -J
A tribute to the king of Aileach of comeliness,
There is not due from Magh lotha*,
A tribute or tax for their fair territories.
accounts of Ireland, this plain derived its
name from Ith, the uncle of Milidh of
Spain, who was slain there by the Tuatha
de Danaan. — See Keating.
' Tvlach Off — See page 36, note ^
suprdi.
' Craebh. — This territory, which in lat-
ter ages belonged to a branch of the family
of O'Cathain (O'Kane), who were called
Fir na Craeibhe, is situate on the west
side of the lower IJann, and its position is
defined V)y the cataract of Eas Craeibhe,
i. e. the cataract of Craebh, the daughter of
Eoghan mac Diiirtheaclit, who lived in
Dun Da Hheann, now Mount Saiidlo, and
was drowned in this cataract, now called
"tlieCutts fisliery," near Coleraine. O'Fla-
herty'a Otiycfia, p. iii., c. 3. His words
are: " Hauna inter Leain et Klliani, pra'-
tir Clanbrcsail regionem scaturiens per
Neachum lacum transiens /Endromenseni
agrum et Fircriviam (pip na cpaoiBe)
Scriniamque in Londinodorinsi agro inter-
secat, et tertio a Culrania et Cataracta
Eascribe lapide se in Oceanum transfundit
totius Europa; longS fcecundissimus." This
was exactly tlie position of the Fir Li in the
time of St. Patrick ; and it is now difficult to
determine where the Fir na Craeibhe were
seated at the time this poem was composed.
According to tradition in tlie country tlie
sept called Fir nu Craeibhe, which is not
incorrectlj- interpreted "men of the branch,"
were seated at " Binbradagli, near Dungi-
vcn ;'' this could not liave been the case
till they disjwssessed the more ancient own •
era of Glcann Geinihin, as above men-
tioned. See Annals of llie Four Masters,
at tiie years 1118, 1192, 120.'>.
' Magh lot ha, — Seep. 124,note", »M/>ra.
\2G Leabhaji
Ni oleajap b'lnip Gojain
cip Do'n aipo-pij, nac oeolai^;
ni oleajap do cloino ChonaiU
cip, na bep, nd ban olaino.
lac po cana pij Qilij;
ni pal neach nach pap aipij^-;
/Ij'^ n\ oli^eono pP nd peachc 71^' '''^•
in pi nach coinjeba a ceapc^^
c[eai3c Ri 01^.15].
QC6QC QNt) SO'^* o6pa acup cuapipcla pig Qilig oia
chuachaib acup oia aicmib, ap biachao acup ap comiiDeachc.
Olijio Gin^'' pig Qilij pobepin, in can nach pa" pij pop 6pino,
leach Idth pij Gpino ac 61 acup ac aenach, acup perri-innchup pig
Gpino 1 (5)-copaib [agup 1 (5)-c6iTiDalaib] acup 1 (5)-coriiaiplib
acup impioib.
[Qgup] olijiD 6 pig Gpino caeca claibeam acup caeca poach
acup caeca mooaio acup caeca eppio acup caeca each: do pig Qilig
ino pin. Poblaib-peorn Din" a chuapipcol pic:
C61C pceich, coic claiDirii acup coic cuipno acup coic nind acup
coic mogaig acup cuic eich do pig Caipppi tDpoma Cliab.
Coic pceich, coic inogaiD, coic mnd, coic claiDirii do pig Cenel
n-Qeoa Gapa RuaiD.
Se h-eicli, pe pcer^", pe claiDirii, pe cuipnn, pe bpuic gopma acup
pe bpuic uaine do pig Chenel 66gaine.
C61C eich, coic pceich, coic claiDim acup cuic bpuic, [cuig lui-
peaca] do pig Chenel n-Ganoa.
Seachc mnd, peachc mogaiD, peachc n-eich, pechc (g)-claiDTiii
DO pig Cheneoil Cugoach.
Seachc mogaiD, peachc mnd, peachc (g)-claiDmi, peachc (g)-cuipn
DO pig InDpi h-Gogain,
Se h-eich, pe cuipn, pe claibiiri, p6 pceich'", pe coin do pig Hluigi
Icha.
" /«?s i?o^^a?n, i. e. the islander penin- sometimes Enuisowen, a barony in the
sula of Eoglian, who was son of Niall of north-east of the county of Donegal,
the Nine Hostages, monarch of Ireland in * Race of Conall, i. e. the inhabitants
the fifth centuiy ; AngKce Inishowen, and of Tir Chonaill ; see p. 34, note p, supra.
na 5-Cea]ir. 127
There is not due from Inis Eoghain"
A tribute to the chief king, nor gratuity,
There is not due of the race of Conair
A tribute, or custom, or white (unwrought) -wool.
Those are the tributes of the king of Aileach ;
No one is learned who does not well know them ;
No king is entitled to reign or rule
Who does not maintain his right THE RIGHT.
THESE ARE the payments and stipends of the king of Aileach to
his chieftainries and tribes, for refection and escort.
The king of Aileach himself, then, when he is not king of Eire, is
entitled to sit by the side of the king of Eire at banquet and at fair,
and to go before the king of Eire at treaties and assemblies and coun-
cils and supplications.
And he is entitled to receive from the king of Eire fifty swords and
fifty shields and fifty bondmen and fifty dresses and fifty steeds; these
for the king of Aileach. He distributes his stipends thus:
Five shields, five swords and five drinking-horns and five women
and five bondmen and five steeds to the king of Cairbre Droma Cliabh.
Five shields, five bondmen, five women, five swords to the king of
the Cineal Aedha of Eas Ruaidh.
Six steeds, six shields six swords, six drinking-horns, six blue
cloaks and six green cloaks to the king of the Cineal Boghainc.
Five steeds, five shields, five swords and five cloaks, five coats of
mail to the king of the Cineal Eanna.
Seven women, seven bondmen, seven steeds, seven swords to the
king of the Cineal Lughdhach.
Seven bondmen, seven women, seven swords, seven drinking-horijs
to the king of Inis Eoghain.
Six steeds, six drinking-horns, six swords, six shields, six hoxuids
to the king of Magh lotha.
After th« estaMishment of nuniames we find (O'Boyles), O'Galchobhair (O'Gallagliers),
settled tliere tlio families of O'lMaoldoraiilli f ('Doelinitfii^h (O'Doliertys), and varioiH
(()'Miil(lorvs),0'C'aiianiiaiii(f)'Caiiaimans), otiier collateral tribes who arc still imiiio-
r)'Donihnaill (O'Domiells), f)"15iiigliill rons in the county
128 Ceabhap
Cpi h-eicb, cpt pceich'', cpl claiouTi, rpf cuipnbo pi h-Ua Piach-
pach Qpoa Spacha.
Upi h-eich, cpi pc^iclv^', cp} claioThi, cpt cuipn do pij peap
^uipj.
Cpi h-eich, cpt fceic^', cpt claiDiih, cpi bpuic uame oo pi na
CpaiBi.
Upi mna, cpt macail, cpt h-inaip Do pij Ua ITItc Caipcaino.
Upt h-eich, cpi pceich^', cpi cuipn, cpi claiDirii do pij Ciannacca
^leanna ^eriiin.
Se mojaiD, pe jabpa, [pe claibiiri], pe pc^ich do pi peap C\.
Upi mna, cpi mojaio, cpi h-eich Do pi h-LlaUuipcpe,
Caeca mojaiD acup caeca eppiD acup caeca bpac acup caeca
luipeach do pt Chulcha O5. ConaD Do'n pojail pm acupoo'n poinD^*
po cacam 6enein [anD po pip .1.] :
Q p]M, Da n-Deachaip po cuaiD
cap^^ Tf\a.^ n-lcha n-imil chpuaio,
inDip cuapipcal each atn
6 pig Qilij^" abpao cain.
Qn zan nach pij D'Gpino am
pij CI1I15 CO n-aobal chain,
olijiD leach-juala^* cean locc
6 pij ©peanD na n-apD pope.
Caeca claioeam, caeca pciuch,
caeca mojaD, — ip mop piach,
caeca eppio, caeca each
DO pij Cf ilij na n-apo bpeach^*^.
plijiD a pijpaiD CO pach
6 pij Cfilij na n-apm chach,
lap pcip cpuaDaipcip^% po cluin,
cuapipcail ip ciDnocail.
Cuic pceich, cvnc claioerii, [cuij] cuipn,
cuic eich, coic mna, mop a muipnn^S
* Magh lotha — See p. 124, note », supra.
« °
na 5-Ceapr. '129
Three steeds, three shields, three swords and three drinking-horns
to the king of the Ui Fiaclirach of Ard Sratha.
Three steeds, three shields, three swords, three drinking-horns to
the king of the Fir Luirg.
Three steeds, three shields, three swords, three green cloaks to the
king of Craebh.
Three women, three matals, three tunics to the king of Ui Mic
Caerthainn.
Three steeds, three shields, three drinking-horns, three swords to
the king of Cianachta Gleanna Geimliin.
Six bondmen, six horses, six swords, six shields to the king of
the Fir Li.
Three women, three bondmen, three steeds to the king of Ui
Tuirtre.
Fifty bondmen and fifty dresses and fifty cloaks and fifty coats of
mail to the king of Tulach Og. Of this division and distribution
Benean sang thus as below, viz. :
0 MAN, if thou hast gone northwards
Across I\Iagh lotha' of the hardy border.
Tell the stipend of every one (i. e. chieftain)
From the king of Aileach of the serene brow.
"When over noble Eire reigns not
The king of Aileach of the vast tribute
He is entitled to sit without fail
By the side of the ijing of Eirci of noble mansions :
Fifty swords, fifty shields.
Fifty bondmen, — it is a great debt.
Fifty dresses, fifty steeds [from the monarch] '
To the king of Aileach of high decisions.
Entitled are his chieftains of prosperity
From the king of Aileach of the armed battalions,
After resting from a liard marcli, I lisivo heard,
To stipends and gifts. ,
Five shields, five swords, five drinking-liorns,
Five steeds, five women, great tlicir hilarity.
130
Leobhap
bo pij Chaipppi t)poma Cliali
6 pi^ Qilij na n-aipo ppian.
tDli^iD pi Cenel n-Qe6a
coic pceic, coic claiDiiii caela,
coic mo^cno cap moinj mapa,
COIC mnd pinoa, pip-;^lana.
T3i^ Cheneoil 66jaine buam
olijio cuic eochu'^ mapc-pluaij^,
pe pceich, pe claibUTi, pe cuipnb,
p6 bpuic uame, y6 bpuic jmpm.
tDlijiD pi Ceneil n-Gnoa
COIC eich ailli, imcpena,
COIC pceich, COIC cloioirii chacha,
COIC leanna, coic luipe^icha,
tDlijib pi Ceneoil 6u joach
pence (5)-claiDTTii pe cpuab upbach,
peachc mna, peachc mojaib, co mocb,
peachc n-e\ch ana bo'n anpoch.
" Cairbre of Druim Cliahh This dis-
trict is now the barony of " Carbiiry" in
the north of the comity of Sligo. It is
called of Druim Cliabh (Driuncliff), from
a famous monasteiy erected there in the
sixth centuiy by St. Colimi Cille. The
ancient inliabitants of this territory were
descended from Cairbre, the third son of
Niall of the Nine Hostages. It is curious
to observe, that it was considered a part
of Ulster, and tributary to the king of
Aileach, whe^ this poem was wiutten —
See Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, lib. ii.
c. 110, Trias Thmim. p. 144, and Genea-
logies, Tribes, &c. of the Ui Fiachrach,
p. 278.
* Cineal Aedha, i.e. the race of Aedh,
commonly Anglicized " Hugh." This sept
of the race of ConalT Gulban was seated
in the territory of Tir Aedlia, the now ba-
rony of " Tirhugh," in the south-west of the
county of Donegal. According to O'Dubh-
again's topographical poem, O'h-Aedha
(now Anglice " Hughes") was the chief of
this territory, which was called the Triocha
or Cantred of Eas Ruaidh, from the great
cataract of that name See p. 34, note i,
svpra, and Battle ofMaghRath, p. 157,
note ".
'^ Cineal Boghaine, i. e. the race of
Eanna Boghaine, who was the second son
of Conall Gulban, the progenitor of all the
Cineal Conaill. Their country was called
Tir Boghaine, and is included in the pre-
sent barony of " Banagh," in the west of
the county of Donegal. This territory is
na 5-Ceapc.
131
To the king of Cairbre of Driiim Cliabli"
From the king of Aileach of grand bridles.
Entitled is the king of Cineal Aedha^
To five shields, five slender swords,
Five bondmen [brought] over the bristling surface of the sea,
Five fair-haired, truly-fine women.
The king of the Cineal Boghaine*, the firm.
Is entitled to five steeds for cavalry,
Six shields, six swords, six drinking-horns,
Six green 'cloaks, six blue cloaks.
Entitled is the king of Cineal Eanna*
To five beautiful, powerful steeds,
Five shields, five swords of battle.
Five mantles, five coats of mail.
Entitled is the king of Cineal Lughdhach"
To seven swords for hard defence,
Seven women, seven bondmen, early,
Seven noble steeds to the hero.
ilpr^criGod in the Book of Feanach (Fenagh),
f<il. 47, a, a, as extending from the river
ICiillincacli (Eany), which falls into the
li arbour of Iiibhear Naile (Inver — the bay
of Donegal), to the stream of Dobhar,
wliich flows from the rugged mountains. —
See Rattle of Magli Hath, p. 1.5G, note P.
Tiie Triijartite Life of St. Patrick, lib. Li.
c. 40, places the mountain of Sliabh Liag
in this territory See Colgan's Tilat
T/iaum. p. 1.15.
* Cineal Eanna, i. e. the race of Eanna,
tlic youngest son of Niall of the Nine
Hostages. The position of tlie territory of
this tril>e is desoribcil by Colgan as follows,
in a note on tlie IJfo of "St. IJaithenus :"
" rCst in Tir Conallia inter duo maris Rra-
chia, nomp^ inter sinum I»ch-Fcbhuil ft
sinum de Suilech et ab hoc Enna posses-
sam fuisse et nomen snmpsisse tradunt
acta Conalli fratris eiusdem Enna?, et ali«
passim domesticae hystoriiE." — Acta SS.
p. 370, note 14. The parish of "Taugh-
boyne," Ueac 6aeirin (i e. the house
of " St. Baithcnus"*), in the barony of
" Kaphoe," js in this territory, as appears
from Colgan, loc. cit. It is stated in the
will of Domhnall O'Galchobhair (Donncll
O'Oallai^lier), steward to the celebrated
Aedii Ituadh O'Domhnaill (Red Hugh
O'Donnell), who died in 1G02, that this
territory contained thirty quarters of land.
According to O'Dubliagain's topographical
l>oom, " Mag Dubhain" was the chief of this
territory.
y Cineal I.u<ihdhurh, i. c. the rai-p of
k2
132
Y
Ceabhap
Olijio pi Inopi h-Bojain
pe mojaiD, — ni mop Dsolaij,
peachc n-eich, peachc mnd cap miiip moip,
pecc (5)-cuipn chaerha ppi^'' corii-ol.
tDligiD pi rriuiji Icha
pe h-eich^' chaerha rap cpicha,
pe cuipn^^, pe claibiih, pe coin,
pe pceich pinoa cap ppoijchiB^^.
tJlijib pi h-Ua Piachpach Pinb^*
pe^^ h-eich ctilli 'c-a oeij-lino^'',
cpi pceich, cpi cuipn, cpi claibirh
6 pi j echcac, apb Qilij.
OligiD pij peap 6uip5, m loech,
cpi h-eich ailli cap^" dpo ppaech,
Cpt pceich, cpt cloiDim coppa
acup cpi cuipn choTh-DonMa^\
tDlijib pi na CpaiBr cpob,
cpi h-eich ceanba, a (b)-cuapipcol,
cpi pceich, cpi claiDrhi caca,
cpi bpuic uaine, aen-bacha. •
tDlijiD pi h-Ua TTlic Caipchainb
cpi h-inaip co n-6p paichim,
cpi macail chaerha, chana,
cpi mnct oaepa binjbala.
tDlijiD pi ^linbi ^eriiin
cpi h-eich oonba co beriiin,
Lughaidh, son of Seanna, wlio was the was in it See Feilire Acnghuis at 9th
grandson of Coi.all Gulban. This was the June ; see poem on the divisions of Tir
tribe name of the family of O'Domlinaill Chonaill, in the Book of Fcanach, fol. 47,
(O'Donnells), and, before they became head 6, a, and see it quoted in Battle of Magh
cliiefs of Tir Chonaill, their territory ex- Kath, pp. 157, 158.
tended from the stream of Dobhar to the * Inis Eoffhain.— See page 126, note "■.
river Suilidhe (S,willy). Tulach Dubli- In the latter ages this territory belonged to
ghlaise (Tullytiouglas), near Kilmacrenan, O'Dochartaigh (O'Doherty), who was of
i
na 5-Ceapu. 133
Entitled is the king of Inis Eoghain'
To six bondmen, — no great gratuity,
Seven steeds, six women [brought] over the great sea,
Seven beautiful horns for drinking.
E)ititled is the king of Magh lotha*
To six beautiful steeds from [other] countries.
Six drinking-horns, six swords, six hounds,
Six fair shields from beyond the seas.
Entitled is the king of Ui Fiachrach Fionn''
To six beautiful steeds at his good lake,
Three shields, three drinking-horns, three swords
From the mighty-deeded, noble king of Aileach.
Entitled is the king of the Fir Luirg"', the hero,
To three beautiful steeds [brought] from over the deep sea,
Three shields, three polished swords
And three brown drinking-horns.
Entitled is the king of the Craebh"* to a gift,
Three strong steeds, as stipend,
Three shields, three swords of battle,
Three green cloaks, of even color.
Entitled is the king of Ui Mic Caerthainn*
To three tunics with golden borders.
Three beautiful, fair matals.
Three befitting bondwomen.
Entitled is the king'of Gleaim Geimhin^^
To three bay steeds assuredly,
tho race of Conall Gulban; but previous Seep. 121, note f, supra.
to the fourteenth century it belonged to 'Menofl.urf; — See]). 121, ii. <", xnpni.
sevcrarfamilies of the race of Eoghau, the •• Criteh/i — Sec p. 125, note i', .-!f/;>;7*.
ancestor of the O'Neills, and was tributaiy *■ Ui Mic Caerthuinn — Sec p. 122, n. ''.
to O'Neill, not to O'Domhnaill. ' G'linnn Grimliin, i.e. the valley of
* Mfiffli Idthn See p. 121, n. ", «»//»•(}. fliinihin, a man's name. Tliis was (Ik-
^ ii Fiarhrucli Fionn, i.e.. the li ancient name of the vale of the river Koa
liachrach Arda Sratha in Tir Loghain. — (Hoe), which runs through the centre of
134 Leabliap
rp{ pceich, cpi cuipn, cpi cluioirii
each bliuDna il-lairh pij Qili^.
t)li5iD pi p^ap C\ in lacha
pe pceich, p6 cIoidttii caca,
f6 jabpa peanja, pocla,
1 pe mojaiD mop obpa.
j^ Dljjio pi h-Ua Uuipcpe^chuaio*^
cpi jaBpa meapa mapc-pluaij^,
cpi mna co ceanoaiB caeiria
ip cpi mojaiD mop, oaepa.
t)li jiD pi ceano Uulcha O5
caeca moj pachmap op poo, ,
caeca claioeam, caeca each,
caeca leano, caeca luipeach.
Qca puno peanchup pil N^ill;
pacbaim il-lebpaib, co lep'*";
lam 6enen, cean oirheap, n-oil,
api 00 pcpib^' ann, a pip CI[PIR].
III. 2. OliglieaD Righ Oi]i5hiall.
[t)o Oipjiallaib buoeapca p'panach.]
t)o seawchas aipjiaii ano po [pip], wi oiijio cpu aip-
jialla ace ploijeao cpi coicchijip' each cpeap bliabain la h-aipo-
pij Gpint); acup rii chiajaio ant) pin mab Gappach acup'' mao
pojrhap; acup pefchc (5)-cumala each pip Oib innon in c-[p]loi5i6
pin; acup peachcmab caca h-aichjeana uuioib; acup ni icaic .1.
n-jaic DO jniaoacc luja meplij; acup nl jabchap a n-eicepi 1 n-jlop,
no 1 plabpao, ace luja p6 Idim pij, nu [mai B.] ceip a]['Y jupam,
noco n-ajaib poipb chalman no niriie.
the territory of the Cianachta; and "king See p. 122, n. ', supra.
of Gleann Geirnhin" is here intended to e Fir Li.;— See p. 122, n. J, suprh.
mean the same as king of the Cianachta. — ^ Tulach Og See p. 3G, n. '', supra.
na 5-Cea|ir. , 135
Three shields, three drinking-horns, three swords
Every year from the hand of the king of Aileach.
Entitled is the king of the Fir Lis of tlie lake
To six shields, six swords of battle,
Six slender, proud horses.
And six bondmen of great work.
Entitled is the king of the northern Ui Tixirtre
To three swift horses for cavalry.
Three women with fair heads [of hair]
And three large, enslaved bondmen.
Entitled is the strong king of Tulach Og''
To fifty prosperous bondmen over his fields,
Fifty swords, fifty steeds,
Fifty mantles, fifty coats of mail.
Here is the history of Niall's race' ;
I find [it] in books, clearly;
Benean's faithful hand, without reproach,
Was the one that wrote it there, O man ! . , . O MAN !
III. — 2. The Puivileges of the King of the Oirghialla.
Of the Oirghialla now here below.
OF THE HISTORY of the Oirghialla down here. The Oirghialla
are not bound to attend but on a hosting of three fortnights every third
year, with the supreme-king of Eire ; and they do not then go if it be
Spring or Autumn ; and seven cumhals (bondwomen) for every man
of them [lost] on that hosting; and they make restitution,in the seventh
part only ; and they j)ay not, for the theft they may commit, if the
thicPs oath [deny it] ; and their hostages are not bound in fetters, nor
in chains, save that they swear by the hand of the king that they will
not then make their escape, [and] if then they do depart, that they
shall not have the inheritance of earth or heaven.
' Xiall's race SfC p. 120, ii. ', supra. of this race since the introfi action of C'nris-
All the kings of vUlcach And Uladh were tianity.
136
Leabhap
tDleajaio bno cpiun cacha [Olejaib dna cpian jac co-
copaibopijGpino.i. cpian nn 66- baij 6,pf CI1I15 ctjup cpian in
porha .1. cuic pij Ula6 ap n-bich cpin pin la pil Colla meano;
Ulu6 I (5)-cach Qchaib Ceich- agup popuo pi Oipjiall ppi po-
beipjlapna (b)-Cpi Colla; acup puo pig Cailcean; ajup ipeao a
popaopijQipjialllainipepopab roriiup goma pua claibeam pij
pij epinb 1 (b)-UaiUcin acup a Qipjiall co h-ino a Ictma in a-
n-Uipneach acup ap pep na Sam- leavh ; ajup ip lep ciblacuo jaca
na; acup ipeao a chomap coma cpenp cuipn oa poa coi pi Cearii-
pua a claioeam Ictm pij h-Gpinb ; pac. Q pijan an cumac ceaniia.
acup ipleipcionocol each d-ipeap Conio boib po cacain 6enen in
cuipn bo poa co pij Ueampach. paecap-pa pip, B.]:
Cpian cacha n-oleajaio 6 pij
Gpino blijio pil Colla TTleanb
uaibib-peom ap a Beich ''n-a
cpen-peap. Qn cuopuma bip
(bo) pij Qjpjiall 6 pij Ueam-
pach, ipeao pin blijip a pijan 6
pijain pij h-6pinb. Conao boib
po cheab 6enean unb po:
ClSUl^ cam cluinebaip
peanchup ao peibim*:
' T/i<'i/ are entitled This passage differs
widely in the two copies, and both ver-
sions are here given Ln the text in full,
that from the Book of Leacan in the left-
hand columns, that from the Book of Baile
an Mhuta in the right-hand columns.
^ Battle of Achadh Leith-dheirg. — This
battle was fought A. D. 332. The place
is mentioned hy Tighearnach as situate in
that part of the country of the Oirghialla
called Fearn-mhagh, the now bai-ony
of " Farney," in the county of Mona-
■ ghan. The Editor, when he visited the
county of Down several years since, thought
that it niiglil be " Aghaderg near Lough-
brickland," but he has been long suice
convinced that this is an error, inasmuch
as Fearn-mhagh is miquestionably tlie pre-
sent baronj' of Farney, in the coimty of
Monaghan, and the parish of " Aghderg,"
etc oecjpj, i. e. the red ford, is in the
country into which the ancient Ultonians
were driven, and of which tljey retained
possession. The battle was fought many
miles to the west of Gleann Righe, which
is the vale of the Newry river, bej'ond
which the Ultonians were driven ; and it is
remarked in the accounts of the battle of
Achadh Leith-dheirg, that they never ex-
tended their kingdom beyond it, for that a
na 5-Cea|ic.
137
They are entitled J, too, to tlie
third part of every [casual] revenue
from the king of Eire, for instance,
the third part of the Borumha, that
is, the king of Uladh's share after
the overthrow of the men of Uladh,
in the battle of Achadh Leith-
dheirg'', by the Three Collas; and
the seat of the king of the Oir-
ghialla, next the seat of the king of
Eire, at Taillte and at Uisneach
and at the feast of Samhain [at'
Teanihair or Tara] and the dis-
tance [between them] is such that
his sword would reach the hand of
the king of Eire ; and it belongs to
him to present every third drink-
injr-horn that is brought to the
king of Teamhair. The third part
of what he is entitled to get from
the king of Eire the race .of Colla
Meann are entitled to receive from
him on account of his having been
a mighty man. The same portion
whicli the king of the Oirghialla
receives from the king of Eire, his
queen is entitled to receive from
the queen of the king of Eire.
Of these Benean composed this
[poem] :
HEARKEN ! that y
The history which
They are eutitledJ, too, to a third
of every levy [of tribute or prey]
from the king of Aileach, and one-
third of that third is due to the de-
scendants of Colla Meann ; and the
seat of the king of the Oirghialla is
near the seat of the king of Taillte;
and its distance from him is, that
the sword of the king of Oii--
ghialla should reach the top of his
(the king's) butler's hands ; and
to him belongs the presenting of
every third drinking-horn which
is brought to the king of Teamhair.
His queen is entitled to the same
privilege. And for them did Be-
nean sing this work below :
_■ may hear
I relate:
definite boundary waa formed on this side tfjkrable preservation, and is -now known
of Gleann Righe, from Newr>' upwards in Irish hy the name <«f GI. aim na Muicc
[i. e. north ward.-]. Sec MS. cited p. SC, Duihhc, 1. c. " tlic valley of ihf black pig,"
n. <•, supra. This boundary still remains in and " the Danes' Cast" in Engli.'^li.
138
Ceabhaji
aenca apb Qipjiallach
paiD ppi pij Gpino.
t)leajap* 6 QipjiallaiB
lap peachcarB piajla
plojab cpi coicchijip^
1 (5)-cinb ceopa bliaona,
Hi 'n-Gappach chiajaiD-peom^,
ipeao DO chuala,
ndpp pop cinb Pojariiaip ^
ppi bpuine buadu* [buana B.].
Seachc (5) c^ac a (t))-cochanilu6^
lap n-Dul 6 chuachaib,
peachr (5)-ceac boib, achappaeh'",
DO peaoaib pluajai j ;
SluajQD Dap QipjioUaib
can lapachc n-upach,
peachr (5)-cuTriala Doib-piorh
iriD lap na rhupacli.
tDia mapboD inoili, —
o laioib luGiDio, — .■
^ A hosting of three foTtnights Tliis
(lifters but little from the service of a
knight's fee in the feudal system, by which
the knight was bound to attend the king in
his wars for forty days every j'ear Coke
upon Littleton, ss. 75, 76, and Blackstone's
Commentaries, book i. c. 13. See Tribes
and Customs of t^e Ui Maine, p. 67, where
it is stated that if the king of Connacht
should continue longer than six weeks on
an expedition, the forces which he had
levied in Ui Maine (who were, as is there
shown, an offset of the Oirghialla) might
return home.
' Nor during the Autumn See Tribes
and Customs of the Ui Maine, p. 67, whei-e
it is stated that the tribes of that territory
were freed from the hostmgs of Spring
and Autumn, and that there was no power
to ask them against their will. This is a
very curious privilege, ceded or continued
to a race after they had left their original
province. ^
■" Seven hundred, i. e. should the Oir-
ghialla send seven hundi'ed men to assist the
monarch on an expedition, he should pay
each of them a sead or cow. The tcnii
peb, or peob, is used throughout the
na 5-Ceapr. 139
The great compact of the Oirgliialla
I recite [made] with the king of Eire.
There is due of the Oirghialla
By statutes of regulation
A hosting for three fortnights''
Every three years.
Not in Spring they ever go,
This is what I have heard,
Nor at the beginning of Autumn'
On the eve of reaping.
Seveh hundred is their rising -out
On going forth from their territories,
Seven hundred™ [are given] to them, in return,
Of cows for the hosting ;
A hosting across Oirghialla
Without respite for the, debt^
Seven cumhals" to them are to be given
For it on the morrow.
If they should kill cattle, —
In poems it is mentioned, —
Brehon Laws to denote a full-grown cow. longs to the king or a bishop, or shall
It J3 sUted in the tract already cited, commit aiiy outrage against them, or shall
p. 36, n. <=, that the king of the Oirghialla oiler any contempt to them, he shall pay
was bound to go with his rising-out on an the price of seven bondwomen, or shall
expedition with the monarch for six weeks do penance with the bishop for seven
every third year (but not in Spring or Au- years. See his work on the Antiquities
tumn), and that each of their chieftains of Ireland, c. xx. It is stated in the
was paid twenty-one cows as wages, during tract on Oirghialla just referred to, that
tliat time. *f ""='"' country should be plundered while
" Seven citmhals. — Acumhal wasa bonil- the forces of Oirghialla were away on an
maid, and her value was equal to tliat expedition witli the monarch, the latter
of three cows. Ware quotes an old Irish sliould give them six cows for every cow
canon, which says: "Whoever shall pre- \vlii(h hail been carried away by the plim-
iumc to steal or plunder anything that be- derers.
140
Ceabliap
peachra each aichjeana
oo bponcap uaioib.
TTlab luiDi licheap-porii
m n-jnirhaib geimlib,
nocho bleajap oib-peom"
ace lui ji [an] rheiilij.
Qicepi na n-CCipjiallach, —
cia'* cheip app arhluij, —
ache luiji an aicepi
cean jlap, cean c-plubpaiD.
t)ia n-eloDo's m c-aiDepi, —
peib eolap oaepoa
ni calrham cojaioi
nt nniii naerhoa.
tDlijiD pij QipjiaU,
p6 ©pmo no pctio, —
DO pijaib peachcma
cpian cacha copaio.
Q rpian in cpin pin,
CO pip nfp panba,
la CoUa mop TTleanca'*
mac-plaich na (5)-Colla.
" The sevffith of each restitution, i. e.
whatever trespass they may commit in
killing or injuring cattle, they are bound
to pay only the seventh part of the fine
which tlie general law imposes. This was
a strange privilege, and, Uke their other
privileges, seems to have had its origin in
the presumed high bearing of the Oir-
ghialla.
I' IVitliuiU II fetier or cituiii, i. e. when
the liostage takes an oath, that is, as the
})rose has it, swears by the hand of tlie
king, that he will not escape from his caji-
tivity, he is left without a fetter ; but if he
should afterwards escape, he then loses his
caste, and is regarded as a perjured man.
The tract on Oirghialla states, that when-
ever the liostage of the Oirghialla was fet-
tered, golden chains were used for the pm--
pose, and that it was hence they were called
Oirghialla, i. e. of the golden hostages.
1 To the tJiird of each profit. — See
Tribes and Customs of the Ui Maine, pp.
fi3, (M, R5, where it is stated that the king
na 5-Ceapr. 141
The seventh [part only] of each restitution in kind''
Is given by them.
If they are charged upon oath
With deeds [deserving] of fetters,
They are not bound to produce
But the oath of the thief.
>
The hostage of the Oirghialla, —
Though in such case he may escape, —
Save the oath of the hostage
He is left without fetter, without chainP.
" If the hostage should elope, —
According to the law of bondage
He is not fit for earth
Nor for holy heaven.
Entitled is the king of the Oirghialla,
Throughout Eire 'tis known, —
From the rightful kings
To the third of each profif.
The third of that third.
Truly not feeble.
Belongs to the great Colla Meaini'',
The youngest prince of the Col las.
of Connacht ceded the following emdlii- privileges of treasure-trovr^ jrisoni, &c.
ments to the people of that territorj', who " Colla Mrunn. — The race of Colla Meann
were a colony from the eastern or original were the inhabitants of CrioclLMiiglulhom,
Oirghialla, planted in Connacht after the " Crcmoriie," in Monaghan, and not the
rstahli-iliinent of Christianity, viz., the third mountainous country of " Mourne," in the
part of everj' treasure found hidden or hii- cast of Ulster, a.s .stated in O'Flaherty'.s
ricd in the depths of the earth, and the third Oyi/gla, part iii. c. 76. The mountainous
part of the eric for everj' man oftlu-irpeo- territorj- in the cast of Ulster belonged to
pie that is killed, and llie tiiird part of the ancient Ullta, not to the Oirghialla.
everj' treasure thrown by the sea into tiic From Colla Uai.s, the eldeat of the bro-
harbours of Connacht. There is a resem- thcrs, the " Mac Donn •ll.-f, Mac Dugaldi*,
blancc liorc to the Gallo-Norman feudal and Mac Allislers" of Scotland, with their
142 (xabhap
t) cheajlaib Gpino
CO popuD na Uearhpach'^
popao pi j Qipjiall
pop 6eip pij UaiUcean.
Corhap an popaio pin,
CO pip ni b-ainpip'*',
CO pia a cpuao a claioearh-pon
ni [in B.] Daileatii Daijlip.
tDlijiD pij Qipjiall
peuch each cpiach cpeboacli
cac chpeap copn oei j-leanoa
pop Deip pij Ueariipach.
t)lijiD a pijan-pom,
cean bpeic, cean baili,
in curhao ceacna pin
6^n pijain aili.
Qiccheam in tDuileamon,
na n-uili n-epciD,
m r-dipo-pij, aoarhpa,
oipniDi, eipciD ©ISolO.
UUaTJaSUOC pij aipjiall 6 pi^ epmo ano po [pip], acup
cuapipcol cuach Qipjiall 6 pij Qipjiall pobepin.
(Dli^iD t)in pij Qipjiall ceaoamup 6 pij h-epino paep-jeillpine
pop a jiallaiB; acup a n-aichni il-lairh pig Ceampach, acup a
correlatives, sprung; and^ from Colla Da of the island of Einn Sibhne, now " Island
Clirioch came the families of Mac IMath- Magee," are of the race of Colla Uais. Ac-
ghamlina (Mac Mahons), Mac Uidliir (Ma- cording to O'Dubhagain's Topographical
guires), 0'h-Anluaui(0'Hanlons),Mac An- Poem O'Machaidhen was the chief of Crioch
na (Mac Canns), and other families of the Mughdhorn.
Oirghialla (Oriel). It is also stated that tlie ' Reach his sword — It is stated in the
families of O'Floinn (O'Lyn), &c., ofMagh U-act on Oirghialla, that the liing of the
Line (Moylinry), and Mac Aedha (Magee) C'lann Colla was entitled to sit by the side
na 5-Ceapr. , 143
[Everywhere] from the mansions [of the chiefs] of Eire
To tlie throne of Teamhair,
The throne (seat) of the king of the Oirghialla
Is at the right of the king of Taillte [i. e. of Irehmd].
V
The distance of that seat,
Truly 'tis no mistake,
[Is such] that his hard sword should reach'
The cup-bearer who distributes.
Entitled is the king of the Oirghialla
Beyond each lord of tribes
To every third horn of goodly ale
On the right of the king of Teamhair.
Entitled is his queen, [too],
Without falsehood, without boasting,
To the same distinction
From the other queen.
We implore the Creator,
[The receiver] of all supplications,
The supreme-king, adorable.
Venerated, to hear us HEARKEN I
THE STIPEND of the king of Oirghialla from the king of Eire
down here, and the stipends of the chieftainries, of Oirghialla from the
king of Oirghialla himself.
The king of the Oirghialla in the first place is entitled to get from
the king of Eire free hostageship for his hostages; and their custody
to be in the hand of the king of Teamhair (Tara), and they are to be
fif the king of Ireland, and all the rest were own family, and that they had carried this
the length of his hand and sword distant through fifteen generations; and he adds
from the king. See the Hanf|uct of Dun na iniinediatcly after, tliat tliey had claimed
n-G(*adli, Battle of Mngh Kalh, p. 29. the see of Ard Macha, and niaiiilainrd i>os-
St. Bernard, in the Life of St. Maladiv, session of it for two hundred years, claim-
says that the Oirghialla would not allow ing it as their induhitablo birth-right See
any bishop among them except one of their Colgan's 'Pnat T/iaMjn. pp. 801, 802.
144 Ceabhap ^
n-eicea6 acup a m-biachao ooib, acup a m-beidi a puinib pij";
acup meach ooib-peom met popluiopeao'^ ap a n-jeiUpme.
DlijiD pi h-Ua Niallan cheaoamup cpi pceirh acup cpi ciaiDiiri
acup cpi ciiipnn acup cpi h-eich 6 pij Gpino -[inb] pin,
Coic bpuic cdpcpa acup coic claiDnri acupcoic eicb oo pij h-Ua
m-6peapa)l.
S6 bpuic acup yi pceich acup pe claiDiiri acup pe cuipn acup pe
h-eich oo pij h-Ua n-Gachacb. -
Ceichpi cuipnn acup ceicbpi claiDiiii acup ceirpi pceicb, [ceicpi
bpuic] DO pij h-Ua ITIeicb.
Cpi bpuic acup cpi pceich acup cpi claiomi acup cpi luipeacha
DO pij h-Ua n-t)opcam.
€e h-eich, pe mojaio, pe mna do pi h-Ua m-6piuin QpchoiU'^.
Ochc m-bpuic acup occ n-eich acup ochc pceich acup ochc
(5)-clai6irh acup ochc (5)-cuipn acup ochc mojaio do pij Ceamna
acup. h-Ua CpeamchainD acup Sil n-t)uibchipi.
U]ii h-eich, cpi pceich, cpi claiDirh, cpi bpuic, cpi luipeacha do
pij Ceichpeano-". '
Ceichpi h-eich, ceichpi mojaiD, ceichpi cloiDim, [ceirpi pceic]
DO pij DapcpaiDi CoinDinDpi.
Se luipeacha, pe cuipn, pe pceich, pe claiDmi, pe mnd, pe pich-
cilla DO pij Peapn-muiji.
Coic^' bpuic, coic"' pcdicli, coic-' claiDmi, coic-' longa, [pe luip-
eaca] do pi pea\\ IDanach.
Se mojaiD, pe pceich, pe clalbrhi, pe cuipn. Da bpac Dec do
pir nriuJDopn ip Uop^'^ ConiD do coinieab na cana pin acup in co-
cliaip pin pop pij-^ 6enen [in paire] ano po [pip]-
^l^j. d/|{«»C A IH cheiSU-Sea pop chlomo Oolla
^/fH ^^'-^ ' pop r^^cjj luchaip 6iach-Dponia
can pip a (D)-cuapapcail call
6 pij PuaiD na (b-)pinD peapano.
' Liath-druim, i. e. the hill of Liath the a mountain in the county of Armagh, the
sonofLaighneLeathan-ghlas. SeePetrie'9 highest of "the Fews" mountains. See
Antiquities of Tara Hill, p. 108. This O'Flaherty's Ogj/pia, part iii. ce. iv. and
was an old name of Teamhair (Tara). xvi., and Keating's History of Ireland,
" F«aJd.— Usually called Sliabh Fuaid, Haliday's Edition, pp. 1 G8, 300, 382. Its
na g-Ceapr. 145
clotlied and fed by them, and they are to be in the secrets of the khig ;
and withering (a curse) is upon them if they escape from their hostage-
ship.
The king of the Ui Niallain, in the first place, is entitled to three
shields and three swords and three drinking-horns and three steeds from
the king of Eire.
Five scarlet cloaks and five swords and five steeds to the king of
Ui Breasail.
Six cloaks and six shields and six swords and six drinking-horns
and six steeds to the king of Ui Eachach.
Four drinking-horns and four swords and foiir shields, four cloaks
to the king of Ui Mcith.
Three cloaks and three shields and three swords and three coats of
mail to the king of Ui Dortain.
Six steeds, six bondmen, six women to the king of Ui Briuin
Archoill.
Eight cloaks and eight steeds and eight shields and eight swords
and eight drinking-horns and eight bondmen to the king of Leamhain
and Ui Creamhthainn and Siol Duibhtliire.
Three steeds, three shields, three swords, three cloaks, three coats
of mail to the king of Leithrinn.
Four steeds, four bondmen, four swords, four shields to the king of
Dartraidhe Coinninnse.
Six coats of mail, six drinking horns, six shields, six swords, six
women, six chess-boards to the king of Fearn-mhagh,
Five cloaks, five shields, five swords, five ships, six coats of mail to
the king of the Feara Manach.
Six Vxjndmen, six shields, six swords, six drinking-horns, twelve
cloaks to the king of Mughdhorn and Ros. It was to preserve this regula-
tion and this tribute that Bcnean the sage wove this [poem] below here:
THIS DIFFICULTY [rests] upon the race of the Collas,
Upon the bright host of Liath-druim'
[That they] know not their own stipends, there.
From the king of Fuaid" of fair lands.
po^«ition is marked on an old map in the of "Sliew Fodcli," wliicli is nn atknipt at
StatePapers'Office,Ix>n(liin, under tlic nniiie writing SllCiV) piuiih.
14G ' Leabhap
Qca puno; ploinopeaD-j-'a &aiB-*
peanchop cioin&i Caipppi cairh-'^;
cluinij, a luce Puil net (B)-Pian,
cuapipclo ailli Qipjiall.
DbjiD pi Qipjiall CO n-aiB
6 p»5 h-Gpino aijeab^o chain
paep-jellpme,— paep a chop,
cuapipcol ip cibnocol,
Hae n-jeill bo pi pdcla ap peachc
t)0 beom^' pi^ Qipj^iall, aen-peachc
a n-aicni ac pi Claccja raip, -
cean chapcpa etc up cean cheanjal'^
Gppab a n-bingbala boib,
each, clajbeam co n-elratb dip,
cocop'^ cumaij, curiibaij niarii
b'aicipib uilli Qipjiall.
rrieach boiB-peom bia n-elao ap,
mepa bo'n pij jebeap jlap^*;
ace pin, nt blij neach nt 6e
shfj^^' '^^■
rjjj"' bo pij Qipjiall oipnioe.
Cpi pceich, rpi claiDTni, cpf cuipn,
cpi h-eich, cpl mnd, mop a'* muipn,
bo pi h-Ua Miallan niani clorh
6-"' pij Gpino na n-uap loch.
Uuapipcol pij h-Ua m-6peapail
cpi bpuic copcpa ip caem chapaip,
"The race of fair Cairbre, i.e. the " Mwe Aos<a9es, i. e. a hostage for each
Oirghialla, descended from Cairbre Lif- cantred, for Oirghialla consisted of nine
eachair, monarch of Irehxnd, A. D. 277. TriochaCeads. Battle of Magh Rath, p. 29.
See O'Flaherty's Offi/gia, part iii. c 70 ; ' " The Ui Niallain, Anglicized into
and see also Mr. Shirley's recent work, " Oneilland," a territory now divided into
cited p. 153, n. '', infill, p. 147. two baronies (east and west) in Armagh.
na 5-Cea|ir. • 147
Here it is: I shall tell to you
The history of the race of fair Cairbi'e^ ;
Hear, ye people of Fail of the Fians,
The grand stipends of the Oirghinlla.
Entitled is the majestic king of Oirghialla,
From the king of Eire of the benign countenance,
To free hostageship, — generous his engagement,
To stipend and presents.
Nine hostages'* [are given] to the king of Fodhla truly
By consent of the king of the Oirghialla, together
To be kept by the king of Tlachtgha in the east,
Without incarceration and without fettering.
A befitting attire for them,
A steed, a sword with studs of gold,
Secret confidence, elegant apartments
For the comely hostages of the Oirghialla.
Withering (a cur.se) upon them if they elope thence,
Still worse for the king who will put on the fetter ;
Save that, no one is entitled to aught
From the illustrious king of the Oirghialla.
Three shields, three swords, three drinking-horns,
Three steeds, three women, great their merriment.
To the king of Ui Niallain" of shining fame
From the king of Eire [Oirghialla] of the cold lakes.
The stipend of the king of Ui Hrcasail*' [is]
Three pnrpln cloaks of fine brilliance,
m
Tlie Niallan from wlioiu tlii.s triho derive wa.s tho chief of tliis tribe,
their name and orij^iii waa tiie son of Fiadi, > Ui BreasuU, — These wcro otliorwiajj
.son of Feidhlim, son of FiachraCaaan, who ci^'il Ui Breaaail Sfatlia, and were do-
was son of Clolla 1 )a Chriodi. Sec 0(/^_(/'<'i scendcd from Hrca.sal, .son of Fcidlilini,
l)art iii. e. 7'). Dairc, who granted the .silf >»>n of Fiachra Ca.'<an, .'mil of Cnlhi l)n
of the Cftthidral i>f Aniiagh to St. Patrick (jhrioch. See Oyi/yia. ulii supra. In lat-
I, 2
148
Ceabhap
coic pceich, coic claiorhi cucha,
coic eich oiana, beaj-Dacha.
DI1516 pi h-Ua n-6achach dipo^'
coic'* bpuic copcpa cheachap dipb'",
COIC*® pceirh, coic^^ cloiDiiri, coic'* cuipji,
coic'® eich jlapa, gabal-juipm.
tDlijiD pi h-Ua TTIeich, in mal,
6 pij TTlacha na mop 661
ter ages this territory was more usually
called Clium Breasail (^Anglice Claiibrazil).
According to O'Dubhagain's To]iograpliical
Poem, the tribe of O'Gairbheth (O'Gar-
vej's) were the ancient chiefs of tliis tem-
tory, but in more modern times it belonged
to the "Mac Canns," who are not of the Ui
Niallain race, but descend from Kochadh,
son of Colla Da Chrioch. This territory is
shown on a map of Ulster made in the reign
of Elizabeth (or James I.), as on the south
of " Lough Neagh," where the upper Bann
enters that lake, from which, and from the
space given it, it appears to be co-extensive
with the present barony of " Oneilland
East." This view shows that in the forma-
tion of the baronies more than one tenitory
was placed in that of " Oneilland ;" and the
fact is that all the eastern part of Oir-
ghialla, called Oirthear, was occupied by
septs of the race of Niallan, that district
including the present baronies of East
and West "Oneilland" and also those of
East and West "Orior;" for the sept of
G'h-Anluain (O'lTanlons), who possessed
the two latter baronies, were descended
from the aforesaid Niallan. ,*
'■ Vi Enchach, i. e. the descendants of
Eochaidli, son of Feidhlim, son of Fiachra
Casan, son of CoUa Da Clirinch. This tribe
is to be distinguished from the Ui Eachacfj
Uladh, or ancient inhabitants of the baro-
nies of" Iveagh," in the county of DowUy
who were of the Clanna Kudhraidhe. They
were a tribe of the Oirghialla, descended
from Eochaidh, son of Cairbre Damh-air-
gid, chief of the Oirghialla in the time
of Saint Patrick. This sept were seated
in the district of Tuath Eachadha, i. e.
Eochaidh's district, a territory comprised
in the present barony of " Armagh." This
district is mentioned in the Annals of the
Four Masters at the yeai- 1498, and it is
shown on the old Map of Ulster, already
referred to, as " Toaghie," and represented
as the countiy of " Owen mac Hugh mac
Neale mac Ai-t O'Neale."
a Ui Meith, i. e. the descendants of
Muireadhach Meith, the son of lomchadh,
who was the son of Colla Da Chrioch.
There were two territories of this name in
Oirghialla, one called sometimes Ui Meith
Tire, from its inland situation, and some-
times Ui Meitli Macha, from its contiguity
to Armagh ; and the latter Ui Meith Mara,
from its contiguity to the sea. Tlie latter
was more anciently called Cuailghne, and
its name and position are preserved in the
Anglicized name of " O'Mcath," a district
in the county of Louth, comprising ten
na 5-Ceanc.
149
Five shields, five swords oi' battle,
Five swift, goodly-colored steeds.
Entitled is the king of Ui Eachach^ the noble,
To five purple cloaks of four points.
Five shields, five swords, five drinking-horns.
Five grey, dark-forked steeds.
Entitled is the king of Ui Meith^, the hero,
From the king of Macha (of Oirghialla) of great meetings
townlands, situate between Carlingford and
Newry. The former, which is evidently
the country of the Ui Meith referred to in
Leahhar na g-Ceart, is a territory in the
present county of IMonaghan, comprising
the parisiiesof " Tullycorbet, Kihnore, and
Teliallan," in the barony of Mouaghan.
Colgan has the follo^ving note in editing
the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, lib. iii.
C.9:
" Ilegiodicta//?/a-3/eifA hodid O'JIeith
est in Orientali parte Ultoniic, hinc Airthear,
id est Orientalis tlicta, et pars ejus mari
vicinior Ilua- Mcith-mara, A. Hua Methia
, raaritima, et pars a mari remotior compa-
ratione prions Hua- Meith-tire, .i. Hua
Mutliia ternu sive contineutis quia conti-
nenti Ultoniai jacet : hie et al) aliis priscis
scriptoribus vocatur. Jsonicn illud Ilua-
Aleith .i. i>osteronnn Meith, videtur sor-
titii a postcris Muredachi cogiioniento
Meith, id est Obetji, tilii Imchadii lilii
^ CoUa-da-Chrioch ; de quo Sanctilogiuui
(icnealogicum, c. 13, lat£ in eo tractu tem-
pore Patricii et posted dominantibus : Trias
Tluium. p. 184, n. l(j.
Kmni this note O'l'lahertj-, and from
Loth Harris, in liis edition of Ware's Anti-
<piitieH, have conchuled that " Hy-M(itli-
tire" was the barony of ( hior (O'llaidon's
country) in the county of Anuagh ; but
ine^)rrcctly, for we have irrefragable evi-
dence to prove that Ui Meith Tire was
much further to the west. 1. The Tripar-
tite Life of St. Patrick places the chiu'ch
ofTegh-Thellaiu, i. e, Tcacli TheuUahi, An-
glice " Tehallan," m the barony of Mo-
uaghan, in regione de Hua-Meithtire^ a
territory adjoining to regio Mugdomoi iim,
which is the Latinized fonn of Crioch
Mughdhorna, " Cremorne," in Monaghan,
in which the Tripartite Life places the church
of Domluiach Maiglieau (Donaglnnoyne).
2. We learn from the Irish Caleud;u- of the
O'Clerighs, at 2Gth January, that Tulnch
Carboid (Tullycorbet, in the said parish
ofTehallan), was 1 n-llib TTIeir niaca,
i. e. in Li Meitli ]\Iaeha. 3. It appears
from the same Calendar, that Cill IMor,
the chiu-ch of St. Aedlian mac Aenghusa, is
in the territory of Ui Meith, and this is un-
questionably tlie churcli of " Kilmoie,"
near the town of Monaghan. 1. Colgan,
^ctu SS. p. 713, places the chiu'ch of Muc-
namli (Mucknoe), at Caslleblayncy, in lliis
territory. Hence the conclusion is inevita-
ble, that the tcmtorj- of the Ui Meitli Tire,
Ui Meith Madia, was in the present county
of Monaghan, ami not in that of Armagh.
We have, moreover, tiic autiioritv of thi>
150
CeabTiap
ceirpi cloibiTT), ceichpi cuipn,
ceithpi bpuic, ceichpi ii-ec ^uipm.
Cviapipcol piji; h-Lla n-t)opcain<"
cpi bpuic copcpa CO coppraip,
cpi pceich, cpi claioith cara,
cpi lenoa, cpi Ivnpeacha.
DlijiD pi h-Ua inn-6piuin Qp.choiU"
cpi h-inaip CO n-6p pairim,
pe h-eich, pe mojaio malla,
pe mnd oaepa binjbdla^".
tDlijiD pi h-Uci Cuipcpe ip cip",
cuapipcol aili bo'n pig,
Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, to show that
it met the barony of Cremonie at a place
called Omna Renne, where their ancestor
Muireadhach was interred. " Sepultus
autem est [Muredachus] in coniinibus Hua
Metliiorum et Mugdornoruni in loco Omna
Ilenne nuncupato, qui licet sit m limitibus
utriiisque regionis ad jus tamen Mugdor-
normn spectat.". — Vita Tripart. lib. iii.,
c. 11. Trias Thaum. p. 151.
All oiu- modern writers, even to the pre-
sent, hav(3 been led astray by the assumption
that the Crioch Mughdhorna of the ancient
writers is the present mountainous barony
of " Moin-ne ;" but as that territory is on
the east side of the boimdaiy at Gleann
Kighe, it could not have been a part of
" Oriel," and consequently not the coimtry
of the descendants of Mughdhorn Dubh,
t lie son of CoUa, which lay far west of
Gkanii Kighe. It appears from a pedigree
oftiie "Mac Mahoiis," in the Library of
Trinity College, Dubhii, that the moun-
tainous district of Mourncin Uladh (which
originally bore the appropi-iatc ajipellation
of Beanna Boirche, see p. 38, note s,
supra), was so called from a tribe of
the inhabitants of Ciioch Mughdhorn in
OirghiaUa, who emigrated thither in the
reign of Niall the Haughty, the son of
Aedh, who was son of Maghniis Mac
Mathghamhna. See the Annals of the
Four Masters at the year 1457, where a
range of heights in " Cremorne" is called
Sliabli Mughdhorn, i. e. mo7is Mugdoriio-
. rum. According to O'Dubhagain the tiibes
of O' h-Innreachtaigh (O'Hanrattys) were
the ancient chiefs of Ui ]\Ieith Macha, and
this is conlirmed by tlie tradition in the
counay which remembers that tl>ey were
the ancient cliieftaiiis of this part of the
county of Monaghan before they wei-e dis-
possessed by the sejtt of MacMatlighamhna
(IMac Mahous). It also adds that Maeldoid,
the patron saint of Mucnamh (Mucknoe,
at Castle Blayney), was t)f the snine stock
as the Ui Iimi'eachtaigh (O'Hanrattys/, the
ancient dynasts of tlie district. This curious
tradition is fully borne out by the following
note in (^'Igan's Trias T/iaiim., y. 184. on
Tia 5-Cea]ic.
lol
To I'uur swords, tour drinking-horns,
Four cloaks, four iron-grey steeds.
riie stipend of the king of the Ui Dortain'' [i&J
Tliree purple cloaks with borders.
Three shields, three swords of battle.
Three mantles, three coats of mail.
Entitled is the king of Ui Briuin Archoill*-' ,
To three tunics with golden hems,
Six steeds, six heavy bondmen.
Six befitting bondwomen.
Entitled is the king of Ui Tuirtre*^ in his land
To another stipend from the king ;
" Eugeuiiis" (Eoghan), the chief of this ter-
ritory in St. Patrick's time. Vit. Tripart.
part iii. c. 11. " Fiiit hie Eugcnius ex
Uriuiio lilio nepos Muredachi Meith a quo
(lixiuius num. IG, regionem illam Ilua
Meitit iiomen desmiipsisse ; vt colligitur
ex IJenealogia S. Maldodij Abbatis ejus-
dem regionis, qiue Mucnamia dicitur, qiiam
Sanctilogium Geuealogicmn, cap. 13, sic
trailit. S. Maldodius de Mucnanu, Jilius
Finffini, filij Aldi, filij Fhic/irij, JiliJ
Fiitchcc, filij Enyntij, filij Ihiuni, lilij
Muredachi, filij Colla fochrich. Colitur
aiitcm S. Maldodius 13 Maij jiixta diecnda
jmstei de ipso." — Trias T/iaitm., page 184,
note 19. See also Mac Firbisigh's pedigree
(if O'h-Innrcachtaigh.
" Ui Dortain Tliese were other>vise
< ailed V'l Tortaiii, i. e. the descendants of
Dorian or Tortan," son of Fiacli, son of
I'cidhlini, son of Fiachra, who waa son of
('oii.i Da (liiincli. This was in that I'ait
c r( Hr^;liiMlla iiichidi'd in tli'- present comity
.if Mcitli, in wliieli tlic celebrated (jld tree
I ailed ISile Tortan, which stood near " Ard-
braccan", was situate. See O'Fla. Ogygia,
part iii. c. 60 ; Book of Baile an Mhuta,
fol. 229, b. ; Colgan, Trius T/uaan. p. 129,
c. ii. ; and p. 184, n. 23, 24 ; and Feilire
Aenghuis, 8 July.
<= Ui Briuin Archoill, i. 6. the descend-
ants of Brian of Archoill, who was the
son of Muireadliach Jleith, the progenitor
of the Ui Meitli. See Dubhaltach Mac
Firbisigh's genealogical work, p. 309 —
Colgan thinks that this was the district in
TjTone called Muintir Birn in iiis own
time, which is a district shown on the old
map of Ulster, already referred to, as a
district in the soutli of the barony of
" Dungannon," ailjoining the territory of
" Trough," in the county of Monaghan,
and "Toaghie," now the barony of Ar-
mngli. See Trias Thatim., \t. 181, n. 2.
In St. i'alriek's time tlie Uirgliialla had
possession of the present comity of Tyrone,
but they were gradually displaced by fami-
lies of the race <if iMighan, the son of Niall
of the Niui' Hostages.
'' I'i Tuirlre. — See p. 124, n. '', Mipra.
152
Ceabhap
Pip Ceanina ip IvLli Chpeamchainb^^ chaip
Sil t)uibchfpi cpiach amnaip.
Ochc n-eich bonna oleaoap^* bo,
ochc m-bpuic chopcpa bup caem 16,
ochc pceich, ochc (3)-clai6irh, ochc (5)-cuipn,
ochc mojaio oiana, beaj-ouipn.
t)li^i6 pi 6eichpinD na laech
cpi h-eich ailli — nt h-injaer,
rpf pceich, cpi claiDiiii cara,
rpt leanna, cpi luipeacha.
t)li^i6 pi t)apcpai6i inb dij i
ceidipi moj^aio mop apraip,
ceichpi claibiTTi, cpuaib i^** (5)-cleicIi,
ceichpi h-eich, ceichpi h-6p pc6ich^^.
tDli^iD pi Peapn-muiji m pinb
pe cuipn lan^* jLana im^^ lino,
pe pceich, pe claiDirii cama*°,
pe pinb mna, pe pichrilW.
* Fir Leamhna The territory of this
tribe of Leamhain, says Golgan, " Est regie
canipestris Tironia3 Dicecesis Clocharensis
vulgo Mag-lemna aliis Clossach dicta." —
Trias Tliaum., p. 184, n. 11. It is shown
qn the old map of Ulster, already often
referred to, as " the countrie of Cormac
Mac Barone" [O'Neill]. The River Black-
water is represented as running through it,
and the fort of Aiigher and the village of
Ballygawley as in it ; the town of Clogh-
er on its western, and the church of
Errigal Keroge on its northern boundary.
O'Caemhain was tlie cliief of this territory
according to O'Dubhagain.
f Race of Creum/it/iann, i. e. the descend-
ants of Creamhtliann, son of Fiach, son of
Deaghaidh Duirn, son of Rochadh, son of
Colla Da Chrioch. This Creamhthann was
chief of the Oirghialla, and his descendants
were very celebrated. See O'Fla. Ogygia,
part iii. c. 76. Colgan informs us that the
territory of the race of Creamhthann was
known in his own time, and considered as
included in the barony of "Slane," [in
Meath].
" Est regiimcula Australis OirgielliiB,
nmic ad Baroniam Slanenseni spcctans,
vulgo Crimthainne dicta." — Trias Thaum.
p. 184, n. n.
!.- Race of Duihhthire O'Dubhagain
states that O'Duibhthire was chief of the
race of Daimliin. See Annals of the Four
Masters, A.D. 108G, and Mac Firbisigh's
na 5-Ceapc.
153
The Fir Leamhna* and the descendants of comely Creainh-
thann',
[And] the race of Duibhthir^ of warlike chiefs.
Eight bay steeds are due to him,
Eight purple cloaks of fine texture,
Eight shields, eight swords, eight drinking-horns.
Eight hard-working, good-handed bondmen.
Entitled is the king of Leithrinn** of.the heroes
To three beautiful steeds, — it is no falsehood.
Three shields, three swords of battle,
Three mantles, three coats of mail.
Entitled is the king of Dartraidhe' of valor
To four bondmen of great labor,
Four swords, hard in battle.
Four steeds, four golden shields.
Entitled is the king of Fearn-mhagh'' the fair
To six beautiful drinking-horns for ale.
Six shields, six curved swords.
Six fair women, six chess-boards.
genealogical work, p. 301. Their exact
situation has not been yet determined.
'' Leithriyin. — This territory is not men-
tioned in the Aimals of the Four Masters,
in O'Dubhagain's poem, or in any other
tract u])on Irish topograj)liy tiiat the Editor
has met. The tribe who inhabited it were
descended from Liigliaidh, son of Creamh-
thann, son of Kocliadh, who was the
son of C'olla Da Chriodi. See Dubhaltach
Mac Firbisigh's genealogical work, page
300.
' Dartraidhe, \. e. of Dartraidhc Coinn •
innsi, as the prose has it, now the ba-
rony of " Dart ry" in the soutli-wcst of the
county of Monaglian, adjoining Ferma-
nagh. According to O'Dulthagain, the sept
of O'Bacigheallain (0'15oylans) were the
chiefs of this territory.
^ Feurn-mhagh, i. e. the plain of the
ijlders, " Famey," a celebrated barony in
the south of the county of Monaghan,
for a verj- copious and interesting account
of whicli the reader is referred to Mr.
Shirley's work entitled " Some Account of
the Territor}^ or Uomiuion of Famey, ]>. 1,
where tlie aullior sjiows that the alder is
the prevailing native plant of this liarony.
The battle of Cam Acliaidh l,.ith diieirg,
in whicli the Three Collas dcfeaU'tl (lie
ClannaKudhraidhe, was foiiglit in this ter-
ritory. .See J). 13('>, n. ^, supn).
154 Leabhaji
iDlijib pi peap monach mop
cujc^'' bpuic CO copprapaib &'6p",
coic pceich, coic claiDvhi cacha,
coic lonja, coic luipecha.
DlijiD pi ITIuJDopn ip Rop^^
ye mo^uio co mop oochop",
pe claibnti, pe pceich, pe cuipn,
pe bpuic copcpa, pe bpuic juipm.
Qcct puno peanchap na ploj
o'd* (d)-cuc 5J1UD CO bpuch 6eneon;
ace in CI bup rpeopach cepc
ap each n-eolach ip dpo cepc. IH [CeiSC-SQ.]
III. 3. OligheaDli Rijh Ulaoh. '
Do OCnl?Q15 acup oo chuapipcalaib Ulao ano po.
DlijiD pij Ulao clieaoamup, in can nach pi pop ©pino h-e pem,
.1. leach lam pij h-Gpino, acup cop ob h-e bup cuipci beap 'n-a cho-
cap acup chaemcheachca in coiiiaipeab beap i (b)-pail pij epmo.
Qcup in can mupceapao' caeca claioearh acup caeca each acup
caeca bpac acup caeca cocholl acup caeca pjinj acup caeca lui-
peach ucup cpicha palach acuj' oec mil-chom acup oeich macail
acup Deich (5)-cuipn acup oeich longa acup pichi glac lopa acup
pichi uj pailino. X)o pij Ula6 pin uili each chpeap bliaoan [6 pf
h-Gpeann].
Poolaib Din pij Llkib cuapipcol t>^a pijaib .i.
Pichi copn acup pichi claioeam acup pichi mil-con acup pichi
mojaiD acup pici each acup pichi bpac acup pichi macal acup pichi
cumal 6 pij Ulab bo pij t)ul n-Qpaibi.
Upi h-eirh, cpi mojaib, cpi mnd, cpi longa bo pij Ddl Riaca,
' Feara Manach. — A territory co-exten- guires) since the year 1202 ; infra, p. 173.
sive with the present county o£ "Fenna- '" The King of Mu()hdhorn and Ros —
nagh," of which the chiefs of the tribe of See above p. 150, notes. The territory of
O'h-Eguigli (O'llegiiys) wore the ancient Feara Kos is not well defined, but we learn
lords, but the chiefs of Mac Uidhir (Ma- from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, that
nc( 5-Cea]ir. 155
Entitled is the great king of the Feara Manach'
To five cloaks with golden borders,
Five shields, five swords of battle,
Five ships, five coats of mail.
Entitled is the king of Mughdhorn and Ros"^
To six bondmen of great energy,
Six swords, six shields, six drinking-horns,
Six purple cloaks, six blue cloaks.
There is the history of the hosts
On whom Benean bestowed his love for ever ;
But, save to the person of guiding knowledge,
To every learned man it is a high difficulty.
THIS DIFFICULTY.
III. 3 — The Privileges of the King of Uladh.
OF THE WAGES and of the stipends of Uladh here.
In the first place the king of Uladh, when he himself is not king of
Eire, is entitled to be by the side of the king of Eire, and he is to hold
the first place in his confidence and society while he is along with the
king of Eire. And when he is departing he obtains fifty swords and
fifty steeds and fifty cloaks and fifty coavIs and fifty scings and fifty
coats of mail and thirty rings and ten greyhounds and ten matals and
ten drinking-horns and ten ships and twenty handfuls of leeks and
twenty sea-gulls' eggs. All these are given to the king of Uladh every
third year from the king of Eire.
The king of Uladh thus distributes stipends among his kings, viz.:
Twenty drinking-horns and twenty swords and twenty greyhounds
and twenty bondmen and twenty steeds and twenty cloaks and twenty
matals and twenty cimihals from the king of Ulailh to the king of Dal
Araidhe.
Three steeds, three bondmen, three women, three ships to the king
of Dal Kiada.
lliechurtli of Ennach ('(iiiglui8(Killii)iy, ill tliat the parish dl" Madiuirc Kois (Maj^li-
Ihe baiony of Kaincy), was in it. Sw uross), and that the town of Cainiip; Ma-
Tiim T/iainn., \k 181, n. 21. It is also cliaiif Kois (Carrickniacross) wirt' coui-
liiglily probable, if not absolutely certain, prised in it.
156 Ceabhap
Ceichpi lonja, ceichpi mojaib, ceichpi h-eich bo pij in Qipp-
chip.
Se mojaij, ye h-eich, pe cuipn, pe* claiDirh bo pij; h-Ua n-eapca
Chein'.
Ochc (5)-cuipn, [occ (5)-cuiTiala, occ n-dipo eoca], ochc n-eich,
ochc mojaiD bo pi t)dl m-6uinbi''.
Ochc mojaib, ochc n-eich co n-aballaib apjaiD* do pi h-Ua
Tn-6laichmeic.
t)a palaij acup oeich lonja acup oeich n-eich acup beic ppein
cjcup beic pcihji bo pij OuiBcpm^
Occ lonja acup ochc mojaib acup ochc n-eich acup ochc
(5)-cuipn acup ochc m-bpuic do pij na h-Qpba.
Ochc mojaiD acup ochc mnd acup ochc n-eich acup occ lonja
oo pij f,eichi Cachail.
Cpi h-ei'ch acup cpi macail acup cpi cutpn acup cpi com do pi
66ipci.
t)eich (5)-cuipn acup oeich (5)-claibiiTi acup beich lonj^a acup
beich m-bpuic do pij Coba.
Se cuipn acup oeich lonja acup beich [n-ec] acup beich n-inaip
bo pij muipchenine. ConiD bo caipcio na pochap pin po p\P 6e-
neaii ann po [pip] : ,
acd SUHt) SOChOR Ulao
cen bochap, cean bpoch bunao,
, map icchaip cuopipcal chaip
6 pi 66ipchi beanbachcain.
Cpach nach pi b'Gpmb uili
pi Ulao na h-uplaibi%
" Uladh. — This was originally the name poem ; but it must be observed that the
of the whole province of Ulster ; but after Clann Colla intruded further upon their
the destruction of the palace of Eamhain kingdom in a few centuries after. Colgan
Machaby the TlireeCoUas in 332, it became has the following note on this subject on
the name of the eastern part of the province the 31st chapter of JocelLne's Life of St. Pa-
only, as already explained, p. 36, n. •". The trick, Trias Thuiim. I). lOQ : " Tota pro-
exact extent of this circumscribed kingdom vincia quae hodie Vltonia appellatur, priscis
of the ancient Ullta will appear from tliis temporibus sermone patrio nunc Vita nunc
r,a 5-Cea]ir. 157
Four ships, four bondmen, four steeds to the king of Oirthear.
Six bondmen, six steeds, six drinking-horns, six swords to the
king of Ui Earca Chein.
Eiglit drinking-horns, eight cumhals, eight noble steeds, eight
bondmen to the king of Dal m-Buinne.
Eight bondmen, eight feteeds with silver bits to the king of Ui
Blathmaic.
I Two rings and ten ships and ten steeds and ten bridles and ten
scings to the king of Duibhthrian.
Eight ships and eight bondmen and eight steeds and eight drink-
ing-horns and eight cloaks to the king of the Arda.
Eight bondmen and eight Avomen and eight steeds and eight ships
to the king of Leath Chathail.
Three steeds and three matals and three drinking-horns and three
hounds to the king of Boirche.
Ten drinking-horns and ten swords and ten ships and ten cloaks to
the king of Cobha.
Six drinking-horns and ten ships and ten steeds and ten tunics to
the king of Muirtheimhne. And it was to preserve these stipends
Bi'noan composed this [poem] below :
HERE IS THE INCOME of Uladh"
Without diminution, without evil origin,
As stipends are paid in the east
By the king of Boirche° of the blessing.
When over all Eire reigns not [as monarch]
The king of Uladh of the conflict,
I
Uliiiilh dicebatur, ct Latins F//onia, r/iV/ia, chiditur, cocpit temporis successu Vlidia
vel rectiCis V'ladia ; scd postquam primo ct iiicoliv V!i<lij ai)iicllari ; riuoniodo a loce-
Dalfiatai'ii, posted stirps Colleana, ac de- lino liic ct infnl, cap. 191, ot ab alio pnc-
inilc lilij Ncill potcnti mami candcni pro- cedentium vitarum scriptoribus appellataiu
iiiiiciain inuaHerunt, ct in suam potestatein reperimus."
niaiori ex parte redei^erimt, priscis ha- "Kint/uf noirr/ie — Sec p. 38, n. i?, s(»;>r(>.
bitatoribus ad aiiKiistiorcs tcnninos rcptil- Tlic king of Uladh or I'lidia is incaiil ;
sis ca oiusdcm provincias regie, quie hodic the name Hoinlic properly Inilongcd to the
tenninis Comitatus Duncnsis poenf! eon- Hiain <if moiinlaiiis in bis territory.
158 Ceabhaji
olijib 1 (D)-UeaTTipai6'J na (D)-cpeB
Idm pig 6anBa na m-buaiVeaD'".
Caeca claioearii, caeca pciarh,
caeca bpac, caeca each liach,
caeca cochqll, caeca pcinj,
If caeca luipeach Ian jpino" ;
Cpicha palach, — ip pip pin,
oeich mil-chom ip Deich marail,
oeich (5)-cuipn Dpolrhacha oeapa
ip oeich longa Ian oeapa'^;
Pichi uj pailino peappoa,
pichj jlac lopu leappoa,
pichi ppian, ppearach, pocal,
00 chpuan ip do chappihojal;
Ip h-e pin cuapipcal caip
olijeap pij Cuailjne ceacaij
each chpeap bliaoan, — nt baio baerh,
6 pij Poola na (b)-piaD ppoech".
Pichi copnn, pichi claiDeam,
pichi mil-chon, — ip muipeap,
pichi niojaiD, muipn n-uaBaip'^,
* pichi jabap jnurh [glan B.] plunjaij.
pichi bpac bpeac, — ni bee ni'%
pichi macal maech al-li,
pichi copn, pichi caili
DO pf echcach QpaiDi.
PKi7iff of Bant 'la of the huailes, i.e. king however, the reading is na m-buain-
of Ireland of great dairy districts, called pleao, i. e. of the constant banquets.
"booleys" in Spenser's View of the State q Scings See p. 70, note ', supra.
of Ireland, p. 82, Dublm edit, of 1809. See ^ Cruan — Some precious stone of a red
p. 46, note y, stipra. This expression would and yellow color.
show that the monarch was considered in ' Cvailghne This is another name for
some measure "a shepherd king." In B., the king of Uladh, for that mountainous
na 5-Ceapr. 159
He is entitled in Teamhair of the tribes
To be by the side of the king of Banbha of the buailes''.
Fifty swords, fifty shields,
Fifty cloaks, fifty grey steeds.
Fifty cowls, fifty scings^.
And fifty coats of mail, perfectly suitable ;
Thirty rings, — that is true.
Ten hounds and ten matals,
Ten drinking-horns with handsome handles
And ten ships, very beautiful ;
Twenty eggs of goodly sea-gulls.
Twenty handfuls of broad leeks,
Twenty bridles, flowing, gorgeous,
[Adorned] with cruan'' and carbuncle ;
That is the stipend in the east
That is due to the king of Cuailghne* of hundreds
Every third year, — no foolish promise,
, From the king of Fodhla of heathy lands.
Twenty drinking-horns, twenty swords.
Twenty greyhounds, — it is a good number.
Twenty bondmen, a proud troop.
Twenty horses fit for expeditions.
Twenty speckled cloaks, — no small matter.
Twenty matals soft in texture,
Twenty drinking-horns, twenty quern-women
To the valorous king of Araidhe'.
region, at the period of this poem, was in- or Clanna Ktulliraidhc, iind is descrilxHl
eluded in his kingdom, though soon after in the Book of Leacan, fol. 140, ft, as ex-
wrested from him by the vigorous Clann tending from Iul)hiir (Ncwry), to Slialih
Colla. Se(! p. 21, note ■", sw/)r(i. ISlis (Slcnimisli^, in Antrim; mid fioni
*■ Araidhv, i.e. of Dal Araidhe, as in ^ Carraig Inbliir Uisco to Linn Duarliaili
the prose. This was the largest territory (Magheralin), in the west of Down. Tlio
in the circumscribed kingdom of the Ulita Dal Araidhe derive their name and origin
160
Leabhap
Cuapipcal/ pi t)al Riaca
cpl h-eich DuBa, odij^-piaca,
cpi mna, cpi mojaio mopu'^
ip cpi lonja Ian chpooa'^.
Cuapipcal pij an Qipchip
ceichpi mojaio nacb muippio,
ceichpi h-eich oonba, oeapa,
ceichpi lonja Ian oeapa'®.
Oligib pi h-Ua n-Deapca Chein'^
c6)c'° ^aBpa jlana p4 jpen,
from Fiacha Araidhe, king of all Ulster,
A. D. 240. See Ussher's Primordia, p.
1047; 0'¥\a.. Offi/ffia, part iii. c. 18.
" Dal Riada, i. e. the tribe of Cairbre
Eiada, the son of Conaire II. monarch of
Ireland, A.D. 212. Another branch of this
tribe settled amongst the Picts, a fact men-
tioned byBede Hist. Ecclesiast. lib. i.e. 1.
Bede explains Dal in this compoimd as
signifying part in the Scotic language, and
the same explanation is given in Cormac's
Glossary ; but O'Flalierty says that it sig-
nifies with greater propriety an offspring
( Ogygia, part iii. c. 63) ; and Charles
O'Conor of Belanagare, in liis edition of
Ogygia Vindicated, p. 175, observes that
" Dal properly signifies posterity or de-
scent by blood," but that "in an enlarged
and figurative sense it signifies a district,
i. e. the division or part allotted to such
posterity;" and he adds: "Of this double
sense we have numberless instances ; thus
Bede's interpretation is doubtless, in the
second sense, admissible." '
Colgan, in his ■ Annotations on the Life
of St. Olcan, at 20th February, has the
following curious note on Dalredia, to which
all modern writers, except Ussher, are in-
debted for what they have told us concern-
ing this territory :
" Hajc regio nomen sortita est a peran-
tiqua et nobilissima familia Dalrieda dicta,
quifi nomen hoc suuni quod a progenitore
accepit, regioni quam possedit impertiit.
Ea enim familia oriunda est ex quodam
principe Hiberno, cui nomen Carbreus et
cognomen Rif hoda secundum vocis etymon ;
secimdum ver6 modum pronuntiandi Rioda,
et nunc secundmn vsmn vulgarem et mo-
dum etiam scribpndi Rioda, vel Rieda.
Vnde huius progenies, Dal rieda, id est,
stiqis, sen propago Riedas Hibernice appel-
latar: Latine vero, ut Venerabili Bedae
placet, Dal Reudufi ; sed rectiiis Dalriedini
appellantur. Fuit autem hsec progenies
Celebris et potens multis saacidis, non solum
in prajdicta regione HiberniaB, veriira etiam
in Albania, quam hodie communiter Sco-
tiam vocamus. Hibemi enim prsedicti re-
gionis principe Rieda, seu vt Beda loquitur,
Reuda duce, inuaserimt prius iusulas He-
bridum et aliquas viciniores continentis
Albania regiones, quas aliquamdiu possi-
derunt, vt lib. i. hyst. cap. 1. docet Beda
his verbis : ' Procedente autem tempore Bri-
tannia post Britones et Pictos tertiam Sco-
na 5-Ceapc.
161
The stipend of the khig of Dal Riachi" [is]
Three steeds, black, well-trained,
Three Avomen, three huge boiidmeiT
And three ships, right gallant.
The stipend of the king of Oirthear'^ [is]
Four bondmen who will not kill,
Four handsome, hay steeds.
Four ships, very beautiful.
Entitled is the king of Ui Dearca Chein^
To five hor§es bright as the sun,
torum nationem in Pictoruni parte reccpit ;
qui (luce Keiula de Hibernia egressi, vel
ferro, vel amicitia sibimet inter eos sedes
quas hactenus liabent vindicarunt : a quo
videlicet duce vsque hodi6 Dalreudini vo-
cantur ; nam lingua eorum Dal partem
significat.' Hiec Beda. Poster! eiusdem
Rcudse tandem a Britannis expulsi reversi
sunt in patriam suani Dalreudiani, donee
tandem duce Fergussio, de quo infra, anti-
quas sedes in Albania circa annum Do-
mini 445 repetierunt : vl)i temporis suc-
eessu suos fines ita extendcrunt vt devictis
Pictis tota fuerint Scotia potiti." — 7V/a«
Thaiim, p. 377, note 3.
According to a letter written by Randal,
Earl of Antrim, to Arcbbisliop Uswlier, tlie
Irisii Dalriada cxteiuled thirty miles from
the River Duais (Bush) to the cross of
Gleann Finncachta, now the village of
Glynn, in the east of the countv of Auirini.
See Us.sher'8 I'rimordia, p. 1029 ; and Dub-
lin Penny Journal, vol. i. p. 362.
How long the posterity of Cairbre Riada
remained powerful in this territor)', or what
family names they as.-iumrd afti-r the esta-
blishment of suniames in the tenth century,
we have no d<K!umentii to prove, but it s(;ems
highly probable that they were driven out
at an early period by the Clann Colla, for
we find the Ui Tuirtre and Fir Li, of wliom
O'Fhloinn (O'Lyn), a descendant of Colla
Uais, was king, were in possession of all
the territory of Dal Kiada in 1 177. The
Fir Li, as has been already stated, were on
the west side of the River Bann in the time
of St. Patrick, but they were certainly on
the east side of it when Sir John de Courcy
invaded Ulster. However, we have no do-
cument to prove the exact period at wliiih
they establi.shed themselves in the countiy
of the Dal Kiada.
The name Dal liiada (or Reuda) is still
preserved in t)ie corrupted form of " Huta,"
Anglici " liuotc;' and " Route," a well-
known district in the north of the county
Antrim. See Usshcr's Pri/«o;-(/in, p. Oil.
* Oirthear, i.e. eastern. This is to be
distinguished from Crioch na n-Oirthear in
Oirghialla (see p. 148, n. >\ but its exact
situation has not yet been determined.
> Ui Dearca Chein — Colgan saj-s that
this was the name of a valley in the barony
of Antrim and diocese of Connor. See Trias
Thtium. p. 183, note 221-223. The Ui
I'.arca Clnin nr.' mentioned \\s\vr In the
M
102
iLeabliap
ye claioirh chocaiD, ye cuipn
I yii mojaio pe mop riiuipno'''.
OlijJD pi t)al m-6iiinbi m-ban--'
ochc (5)-cuipn acup ochc (5)-copa[i]n,
ochc mojaiD, ochc mnd beapa^
ip ochc n-jaBpa jlan cpeapa.
Cuapipcal pij h-Ua m-6laichTneic
ochc mojaiD chaerha, chaichmiD^
ochc n-eich, a pliaBaiB ni plac",
CO ppianaiB do yean apcab^''.
Annals of the Four Masters, first at the
year 1199, iind next at the year 1391,
where it is mentioned that Mac Giolla
Muire (Gillimurry), who was otherwise
called Cu Uladh O'Monia, was cliief of the
Ui Earca Chein and Leath Chathail, from
which it would appear that the two terri-
tories were conterraneous, which could not
be the case if the former were in the barony
of Antrim. Rymer mentions a "Mac Gil-
mori dux de Auderkin," 3 Edw. I. 1275.
At a later period the " Gilmers" were set-
tled in Holywood. See Stuart's Armagh.
The name occurs in the Tripartite Life of
St. Patrick, part ii. c. 133, where it is stated
that the Irish apostle erected there a church
which was called Rath Easpuig Innic, from
a Bishop Vinnocus, whom he placed over
it. Trias Thauin, p. 147. According to
the pedigree of this tribe, given by Dubh-
altaeh Mac Firbisigli, in his genealogical
work (Lord Kr len's copy), p. 205, the Ui
ICarca Chein are a Connacht tribe descended
from Cruitine, son of Eoghan Sriabh, who
was son of Duach Galach, king of Con-
nacht, in the fifth century ; but no account
has been discovered of how or when tliej^
settled in Dal Araidhe. The descent of
Cionaeth (Kenny) O'Morna, of this race,
chief of Leath Chathail (Lecale) is thus
given by Mac Firbisigli (ubi snp7-a) :
" Cinaeth, son of Ruarcan, son of JLnel-
sneaehta, a (juo O'Morna, in Letli Chathail,
is called, son of Fearchar, son of Oisen, sou
of Onchu, son of Broc, son of Aine, son of
Sinell, son of Amergin, son of Cruithne, son
of Eoghan Sriabh, son of Duach Galach."
It would appear from the same work,
p. 608, that there was a more ancient line
of Chiefs in Leath Chathail than the
O'Mornas, and that tliis older line was
of the ancient Ullta, or Clanna Rudhraidho,
and descended from Cathal, from whom
Leath Chathail was named, the son of
Muireadliach, son of Aenghns, son of Mael-
cobha, son of Fiachna, son of Deanian, kirig
of Ulidia, or circumscribed Uladh, slain in
the battle of Ardcoran in Dal Riada, A. D.
(i27. From the various references to this
family of Mac Giolla Miure, alias O'Morna,
occurring in the Irish Annals, and other do-
cuments, it is quite e^^dent that they ori-
ginally possessed the barony of " Lecale,"
a part of "Kinelarty," and tlie barony of^
" Upper Castlereagh," in the county of
Down ; but after the English invasion their
na s-Ceapr.
1G3
Six war-swords, six drinking-horns
And six bondmen of great merriment.
Entitled is the king of fair Dal Buinne'
To eight drinking-horns and eight cups,
Eight bondmen, eight handsome women v
And eight horses of fine action.
The stipend of the king of Ui Blathmaic^ [is]
Eight handsome, expensive bondmen, [trained,]
Eight steeds, not diiven from the mountains, [i.e. not un-
With bridles of old silver.
tcn-'itorj^ was very much circumscribed bj-
the encroach im-iits of the families of the
Wliite^ and Savadges, and afterwards of
the O'Neills of Clann Aedlia Buidhe (Clan-
naboy), and Mac Artains. It would appear,
however, from the Anglo-Irish Annals,
that the " Mac Gilmories," or " Gilmors,"
were very stout opposers of the English in
their original territorj^ in the beginning of
the fifteenth century. The two notices of
this family following, which occur in Ware's
Annals of Ireland, are sufficient to prove
this fact :
"Anno 1 107. A certain false fellow, an
Irish man named ^fac Adam Macdilmori,
that had caused forty churches to be de-
stroyed, who was- never baptized, and
therefore he was called Corhi [coipbri,
wicked], took Pal rich Savadgc prisoner.
and received for his ransom two thousand
marks, and aftenvards slew him together
witli his brothir Richard."
It is diilicult to say where the good .ind
honest Ware got this passage, but it is
quite evident that Coirbi docs not mean
imbaptized, and that Savadgc liarl not so
much money as 200O marks in tlio world.
''Anno 1108. This year //h*;/. Mac Gil-
more was slain in Carrickfergus, witliin the
church of the Fnars Minors, which churcli
. he had before destroyed, and broke down
the glass windows to ha\e the iron bars
through which his enemies, the Savages,
had entered upon him." — Edition of 170.').
The O'Xcill pedigree quoted bj' Dr.
Stuart, in his History of Armagh, p. 630,
states that the " Cl.annaboy" O'Xeillsgave
to the (lilmors the lands of Ilolywood.
The parish of Dundonald would also a])-
pear to have belonged to this tribe.
^ Dal Buinne, i. e. the race of Buinne,
son of Fc.irghus Mac Roigh, king of
I'ladh (Ulster), just before the first cen-
tury of the Christian era. See O'Flaherty's
Offi/gia, part. iii. c. 4G. This tribe pos-
sessed tlie present barony «f " Upjter M.is-
sareene," with the parishes of " Kilwarlin
and Drunibo," on the other side of the River
Lagan. The exact number of churches and
chapels in the territory is given in I'opo
Xichola.s's Taxation. See T.a.\ation of the
iJioceso of Down and Connor and Dro-
morc, alxiut the year 1291. Edited by the
Rev. Wm. Reeves. M. TV, is 17. Tlodges
and Smith.
*Thf Ci Bliilhninir, i.e. tt;e ^descendant*
M 2
164
Ceablia]!
Cuapipcol pij Ouibchpin oein
ba pdlaij^, oeich n-eich, beich pc^irh%
oeich pcmgi, nach pcichenn pluaj'-^
ip oeich mojaiD [lonja B.] pop ^^ocli Cuon.
Uuapipcal pij na h-Qpoa '
ochc n-jaiU, ochc n-jaljpa japja,
ochc (5)-cuipn, ochc in-bpuic co m-biiinoib^^
ip ochc lanja Ian chuiUi^^".
tDlijiD pi Ceichi Cachail
ochc mojaiD cacha mop achaio",
ochc n-eich o'eachaib Donoa''' ac oun,
ochc (5)-cuipn chpoma ppi caerh-cliio.
t)liji6 pt 66ipchi m bili'^
yi^* jabpa mopa ap mipi,
cpi macail, cpi cuipn claena'%
cpi com aiUi, pip chaerha^.
Cuapipcol P15 Coba cuib'^
oeich (5)-cuipn, oeich (5)-claiDini ochaip^^
of Blatbmac. See Mac Firbisigh's genealo-
gical work, p. 510. In 1333 Blathewyc,
Blawick, Blavico, were names for the
then Comitatus Nova Villa"., extending all
round " Newtown- Ards," including "Ban-
gor." Inq. post 7nort. Cum. lilt., I'J'iSS. See
also Calend. Cane. Hib., vol. i. p. 48, 6.
This Comitatt/s Novee Villa de Blathvyc
evidently comprised the northern portion
of the barony of "Ards,'' and the greater
part of the barony of " Lower Castlereagh,"
in the county of Down.
•< Duihhthrian, i. e. the black third or
ternal division, Anglic& " Dufferin," a ba-
rony extending along the western side of
Loch Cuan (by its Norse name Strang
Fiord, Anglice "Straiigford"), in the county
of Down. The tribe of Mac Artain were
chiefs of this and the adjoining baro-
ny of Cineal Fhaghartaigh, " Kinelarty."
They descend from Caolbhadh, the brother
of Eochaidh Cobha, the ancestor of the
family of the Mac Aenghusa (Magemiisses).
' Scings. — See page 70, note ', supra.
^ Loch Cuan — This is still the Irish name
of ' ' Strangford." See the last note but one.
According to the bardic accounts, this inlet
of the sea forced its way through the land
in the time of Partholan, who came to Ire-
land 312 years after the flood according
to O'Flaherty's Chronology. See Ogygia,
part iii. cc. 2 and 3.
•■ Arda, now called " the Ards," a barony
in the east of the county of Down, lying
na 5-Cea|ic. 165
Tlie stipend of the king of the line Duibhthrian'' [is]
Two rings, ten steeds, ten shields,
Ten scings*^, which futigue not on an expedition,
And ten ships on Loch Cuan"^.
The stipend of the kijig of the Arda* [is]
Eight foreigners, eight fierce horses,
Eight drinking-horns, eight cloaks with ring-clasps
And eight exquisitely beauteous ships.
Entitled is the king of Leath Chathail^
To eight bondmen [tillers] of each great field,
Eight steeds, bay steeds at [his] fort,
Eight curved drinking-horns for interchanging.
Entitled is the king of BoirchcE, the hero.
To six great, spirited horses,
Three niatals, three inclining drinking-horns,
Three fine hounds, truly beautiful.
Tile stipend of the king of Cobha'' ol' victory [is]
Ten drinking-horns, ten wounding swords,
]'iin(;iiiiilly between Loch Cuan and the i. e. the peaks ofBoiiche, calk'd (inciml-
f^ea. The name of this territory is trans- ing to the Dinnseanchus) after ISoirche,
latwl ylltiludn Vltuium, in the Life of the slicplierd of Kos, king of Ulster in tlie
St. Coinlighali, founder of Beanndior (Ban- third century, wlio herded tlie king's cat-
gor), wiiicli is situate in tliis territory. tie on these mountains. See O'FIa. Ogygia,
f Leath Chat/iail, i. e. Catlial's half, or part iii. c. 69. In the Dinnseanchus it is
portion, Anylice " Lccale," a well-known slated that the s]ici)hord Boirche could
barony in the county of Down, anciently view from these mountains all the land.s
called Maigh Inis, i. e. the insular plain. southwards as far as Dun Dealgan (Diui-
Thenam<! Leath Chat hail wa.-i derived from dalk), and northwards as far as Dun
Cathal the son of Muireadhach, son of Sol)hairce. This is another proof that tiu'
Aenghus, sonofMaelcohha, sonof Kiachna, present I larony of " Mouriie" was not the
w ho was the son of Deaman, king of Ulidia, (.'rioch iMughdhorna of the Oirghialla.
slain in the year 627. See p. 163, note ', " Cobha — This territory is nu>re usu-
fiinn). ally called Magh L'oliha, i.e. the platn of
e 7?oi/ c/ir. — See p. 38, note '', as to the Eochaidh Cobha, the ancestor of the trji.e
mountains usually called Dcanna Boirche, called Ui Eathach Cobha, who Mcre-scnted
166
Leabhap
beicli lonja &'a^^ leanann l^loj,
Deich m-bpuic co n-a m-bopoaib o'dp.
tDlijib pi ITIuipcheTTine in mino
pe cuipn leabpa Ian Do^° lino.
in the present baronies of " Upper and
Lower Iveagh" in the county of Down.
See O'Fla. Ogygia, part iii. c. 78. The
Four Masters, and from them Colgan and
others, have en'ed in placing this plain in
Tyrone ; and Dr. Lanigan has been set
astray by them in his Ecclesiastical His-
tory of Ireland {vol. iv. p. 11, note 26),
where he conjectures that JIagh Coblia
was probably tlie name of tlie plain around
the present village of" Coagh" in the county
of Tyrone. But the situation of the plain
of JMagh Cobha is fixed by the older writers,
who place it in Ui (Uibh) Eathach (Iveagh),
and place in it the monastery of Druim
Mor (Dromore) and the church of Domh-
nach Mor Muighe Cobha, which is unques-
tionably the present " Donaghmore" (in
" Upper Iveagh"), nearly midway betMxen
Newry, and Lough Brickland. See the
Feilire Aenghuis at 1 6th of November, and
Halidaj^'s edition of the first part of Keat-
ting's History of Ireland, p. 318, where
the plain of Magh Cobha, which is said to
have been cleared of wood in the reign of
Irial Faidh, is placed in " Aoibh Eachach,"
■which Haliday Anglicizes " Iveagh." See
also the Aimals of Tighearnach at the
years 735 and 7"9, and Acta Sanctorum^
apud Bolland. 7 Jttnii. The familj' of Mae
Aenghusa (Magennises) were chiefs of this
territory for many centuries before the
confiscation of LTlster; but (according to
O'Dubhagain) O'Gairbhitli. and Oh-Ain-
bhith (Ayiglice O'Garvey, and OMIanvey
or O'Haunafey), preceded them. "Jlagen-
nis" descends from Saran, chief of Dal
Araidhe in St. Patrick's time, and this
Saran was the eleventh in the descent
from Fiacha Araidhe, and the fourth from
Eochaidh Cobha, the ancestor of all the
Ui I'^athach Cobha.
' Mubtheimlme. — See page 21, note '.
This territory is more usually called Magh
Muirtheimhne and Conaille Muirtheimhne,
from the descendants of Conall Cearnach
(of the Clanna Eudhraidhe race), the most
distinguished of the heroes of the Red
Branch in Ulster, who floiu-ished here for
many centuries. Colgan describes its situa-
tion as follows, in his notes on the Scholiast
of Fiach's Hymn on the Life of St. Patrick :
" In Conallia Murthemnensi. Est cam-
pestris Eegio Australis Vltoniaj a pionte
Bregh prope Pontanam ciuitatetn [Drog-
heda] vsque in simmi maris Dun-Delga-
niiK, sen vt vulgus loquitur, Dun-dalchise
vicinum ; iuxta quod est campus ille in
patriis historiis celebrati nomiuis viilg6
Mag-niHrthemne dictus ; a quo et ilia
Kegio IMurthemneusis vocatur qu£e hodid
Comitatus Luthoi vulgo vocatur." — Trias
Thaum. p. 8, note 16. It appears from
the lives of St. Brigliid (Bridget) and St.
Monenna, and from tlie Feilu-e Aenghuis
and other calendars, that the churches of
Fochard, Iniscaein, Cill Uinche, and Druim
Ineaschuinn, were in this territory. Ussher
informs us that the district of Campus Mur-
llicinenc (in quo Conaleorum gens maximu
Tia 5-Ceajir.
167
Ten ships Avliicli a host mans,
Ten cloaks with their borders of gold.
Entitled is the king oi" Muirtheimhne*, the hero.
To six tall drinkina-horns full of ale,
vigct) was called Maghery-Conall in liis
time. See his Primordia, pp. 705, TOti,
ami O'Fla. Ogygia, part iii. c. 47.
This territory had been wrested from the
descendants of Couall Cearuach several
centuries before the English invasion, by
ihe Oirghialla, so that the present county
I'f Louth, instead of being regarded as a
part of Uladh or L'lidia, as it certainly
was when this poem was written, has been
considered as the Macliaire or plain of the
Oirghialla, and the part oftenest called
" Oriel'' or "Uriel," by English writers.
From the territories here enumerated as
in I'ladh (i. e. in L'lidia, or the circum-
scribed territorj' of the ancient Ullta), it is
quite evident that it comprised, when tliis
poem was written, the present counties of
Louth, Down, and Antrim, except a por-
tion of tlic last, which was in the jiosses-
sion of the Ui Tuirtre, wlio were a family
of the Oirghialla, as already mentioned ;
and it looks very strange that it should not
liave bsen tributary to the king of Uladh,
being on the east side of Loch n-Eathach
(Lough Neagh), in tli^ licart of his coun-
try, and separating his subjects of Dal
Araidiie from those of Dal liiada, to wiioni
he gave 8tii>ends, and from whom he re-
leived tribute.
The dominant family in tlMf< territory
when it Jvas invaded by Sir .l{ilm De
Courcy in 1177, was of the Dal Hatath
race. He wasCu I'ladh, i.e. Canis I'ltoniae,
Mac Duinniihleiiihe (Dunlevy) f) h P^ch-
adha, called by Gii'aldus Cambrensis, Dun-
levus, to whose warlike character he bears
the following testimony in his Hiberuia'
E.rpiiynatu, lib. ii. c. xvi. :
" Videns autem Dunlevus se verbis mi-
nime profecturum corrogatis vndique viri-
bus cum 10 bellatorum millibus infra 8
dies hostes in vrbe viriliter inuadit. lu
hue enim insula sicut et in onmi natione,
gens borealis magis bellica semper et tru-
culenta reperitur."
liut the greater number of his sub-chiefs
were of the Clanna Rudhraidhe. Thus we
see that the ancient limits of the Clainia
Rudhraidhe and Dal Fiatach of Ulster
were greatly restricted at the period of the
English invasion by the upspringing vigor
and increasing population of the race of
the Collas, and the more powerful race of
Miall of tlie Mine Hostages. Dubhaltach
Mac Firbisigh, in his jxjdigrees of the Irish
families says, tliat the Dal l-'ialaelis, wlio
were tiie old kings of Ulster, and lilended
of old with the Clanna Rudlnaidhe, were
hemmed into a narrow corner of the pro-
\ince by the race of Conn of the Hundred
Rattles, i. e. the Oirgliialla and Ui Neill
oftiie north, and that even this narrow
corner was not left to them [he alludes
to the obtrusion of the O'Neills of Clanna
Aedha lluidhe (Clanabfpy). who sulxlued
almost the entire of Ulidiaj, so thai tluy
had nearly been extinguished, except a few
who had left the original territory. And, he
says, grieving, " this is tiie case with all
168 Ceabliap
beich lonja do laech Slja,
oeich ii-eich, Geich n-maip Deapja.
Seanchaf pi j Cuailjne ip 66ipche^'
cuirhnij cacli la ip each n-oi6ce
6einein po leapaij pe la^^
in pochap pin map aca. . QCCt SUHD SOCQR.
61QCQ ocup cipa chuach n-Ulao ano po [pip] .i. ap cpicli^*
moip niuiji 6ine clieaoamup, a cheo biachao.
Cpi ceac mapc acup cpi cheo bpac al-6ine^* mo pin.
S6** chaeca DGiT! a t)dl "Riaca acup pe*^ chaeca cope acup cpi
cliaeca bo acup cpi chueca bpac a Serhne.
Da ceac cope acuj' oa ceac bo a Cachaipne^**.
Ceo bo acup ceac bpac acup ceac mole a CpocpaiDi*^
Ceo bo acup ceac bpac acup ceac mole acup ceac cope ap m
bpeacaij"*.
Cdo mapc acup ceao mole acup eeac cope 6 P(h)opchuachaib
mo pin.
Upi chaeca mapc acup cpi chaeca cope 6 na TTlanchaib^^.
Cpi ceac oarh acup cpi ceac bo ap in Ouibchpiun.
Cpi cheo bo acup cpi ceac cope acup cpi ceac bpuc a f/Cich
Cachail.
Ice pm a Biaca 6 paepchuachaib eeanm6caic*° a ouep-chuacha.
Ip lairioe*', imoppo, cupgnorh*'^ loma acup leanoa acup uamai can
cacha [cjur '^^"^ °5"r eppaoa] uaioib". Conao Doib pin po cha-
cham in pui [buaoa] .i. 6eneti ano po.
Df/l^lt) pij 6aiTina acup Ula6*\
apo m peel,
I
the Gaoidhil of Ireland in this year 1666." of Connacht and Meath ; the Ciarraidlie
But he adds, " God is wide in a strait." in Munster and Connacht ; the Corcom-
But it must be remarlied that these tribes ruaidli, &c. See pp. 48, 65, 100, supra.
had sent forth numerous colonies or swarms, ^ Hero ofEulga — This is a bartlic name
who settled in various parts of Ireland, as for the king of Uladh, because he repre-
the seven septs of Laeighis (Leix), in sented Cuchulainn, who was the champion
Leinster ; the Soghains and the Conmaicne of Ireland in his day.
na 5-Cea|ir. 160
Ten ships from the hero of Ealga'' (Ireland j,
Ten steeds, ten red tunics. ^
The history of the king of Cuailghne and Boirche
Remember each day and each night;
Benean inculcated in his day
That revenue as it is HERE IS THE STIPEND.
THE REFECTIONS and tributes of the territories of Uladh down
here, viz., first on the great region of Magh Line, his first refection.
Three hundred beeves and three hundred cloaks from Line.
Six times fifty oxen from Dal Riada and six times fifty hogs and
three times fifty cows and three times fifty cloaks from Semhne.
Two hundred hogs and two hundred cows from Latharna.
A hundred cows and a hundred cloaks and a hundred wethers from
the Crotraidhe.
A hundred cows and a hundred cloaks and a hundred Avethers and
a hundred hogs from Breadach.
A hundred beeves and a hundred wethers and a hundred hogs from
the Furthuatha.
Thrice fifty beeves and thrice fifty hogs from the Mancha.
Three hundred oxen and three hundred cows from Duibhthrian.
Three hundred cows and three hundred hogs and three hundred
cloaks from Leath Chathail.
Such are his provision-tributes from the noble tribes, exclusive of
the unfree tribes. He has also the collecting of milk and ale and uamha
(sewing thread) without any opposition from them. Concerning which
things the gifted sage Benean composed this [poem].
ENTITLED is the king of Eamhain and Uladh%
Noble the story,
' King of Cuuihjhne and Boirche. — This "* King nf Eamhain and Uladh Here
is aiKitliiT liiinlic apiielhition for the kiiif^ tlif kinfj of I'lailli is, liya poctirnl lilxTty,
of Ulailli, from tho two great inoiuilain called " of Eamhain," aUIioii(;li liis anccs-
rangcs alrwidy tkvtcribed. Sec p. 21, n. "■, tors had not possession of tiiat palace since
and p. 38, n. c, supra. A. D. 332. See further, \>. 3fi, ii. ''. supiii.
170
Leabhap
ap iinuij" ITIacha,
pop a chacha nocho chel,
Se chaecaiD mope a Hluij^ Cine,
ni luab rnip:
pe chaeca bo, —
bpeach cean mine*'^ beapap l}b.
Cpf chaeca bam a t)dl l^iaca
nop olij bib,
acup cpt chaeca muc m-biaca
can bpeich pil.
Upi chaeca pap bpac a Semne
punb DO chach%
ip cpi chaeca pap bo pelbe
pe*^ t3a chpach.
Olijio a f,achaipnib loma, —
ni luao n-'^o, —
Da ch^b cope co piaclaib cpoma^",
DO ceab bo.
tDleajap a Cpocpaioi^" m chobtaij, —
cumnij lar, —
" Mar/h Line This name (which is
Anglicized "Moylinny") is that of a level
territory, lying principally in the harony
of " Upper Antrim," in the county of An-
trim. According to an Inquisition taken
7 Jac. i., the territory was bounded on the
south and south-east by the river Six-mile-
water, on the noHh and north-west for two
miles by tl\e stream of Glancurry (now
jleannu' coipe, Anfflicc GhmxTKiry),
as far as the moimtain of Carncally; its
boundary then extended southwards to
Connor, and thence in a southern direction
to l/.leiiduftcarrick (now railed Shane's
Castle, Lord O'Neill's seat, near the town
of Antrim), where the aforesaid river Six-
mile-water discharges itself into Lough
Neagh. See p. 1G3, note '-, sttpra.
" Dal Riada — Seep. 160, note ", stipia.
I' Semhne. — This is otherwise called
]\Lngh Semlme, and was the name of a
plain in Dal Araidhe, lying to the north
of Magh Line above described. Colgan
gives the following note on its situation,
&c., in ills notice of the church of Imleach
Cluana, in his notes to (he Tripai'tite Life
of St. Patrick :
'' Maff Semite, id est eampum Senine
na 5-Cea|ir.
171
On Madia's plain,
From his battalions, I will not hide it,
To six times fit'ty beeves from Magh Line",
No hasty saying :
Six times fifty cows, —
Sentence without mitigation pass ye.
Thrice fifty oxen from Dal Kiada°
Are due of them.
And thrice fifty fatted pigs
Without producing young.
Thrice .fifty very good cloaks from Semhue''
Here for all, '
And thrice fifty good cows of the herd
In two days.
Entitled he is fi-om the bare Lutharna'', —
No false report, —
To two hundred hogs with crooked tusks,
[And] two hundred cows.
Tljere is due from Crotraidhe'' of the fieet, —
Bear it in thy memory, —
ill Diil-aradia e syluis cxcisis per Neme-
thum Kogem eiusque iilios vendicatum anno
mundi 2859, ut traduiit Qiiatuor Magistri
in Aniialilms. Kcclcsiam aiitem ciiisdcin
;igri, quiu hie Imleacli Clvana appellatiir,
puto esse quje hodie Kill-Chluuna appt-l-
latur ; vel saltern (piiC Kill Clwmihain
ilicitur: finn in ca Sanctum Cocinanuni
[|uit'sct'rc liic fiTatur. Kill-C/iomitiin aii-
tem est in rcgione de lli-Tuirfrn: ct iitra-
|ue DiuTt'sis Connercnsisin Dal-aradia." —
Trias Thaiim. p. 183.
•I L)il/iiirna, Anylici; " Lame." This
was the name of a ttutth or reyinnculu in
the (liocoso of "Connor,'' in Colgan's time.
In 1605, as appears from an Inquisition
taken at Anfrrim in that j^ear, " Lame" was
a 1)arony " in lu HoAvt." It is now iiichided
in tlie liarony of " Upper Cilenarni," wliich
consists of tlie parishes of " Camcastle, Kil-
lyglen, Kihvaughter, and Ljime," which
last preserves the name. The ]iresenl town
of "Larne" was anciently called Iiililiear
Latliania, and in the Mac Donnell patent it
is called Inver-in-Laherne. Sec Duhour-
dicu's Stat. Surv. of Antrim, p. r>21,andC'ol-
gan's7ViV/»7'//««m. p. 183, mi. 210,217.
' Crotiuidin Unknown, unless it (»
172
Leabhap
ceo mole, [ceao bo], nap bo oojpaij''',
If c^ac bpar. ,
C6d molr, c^ac bo ap jn (m)-6peDai j,
bopb in peel,
acup c6ac cope ) n-a^^ (b)-cpe&aib,
map at> bep.
Ceo mole a Popchuachaib upoa,
ip ceac m-bpac [mapc, B.]
acup ceac cojic oia*'^ nop rapoa
la ceac m-bpac.
Cpi chaeca mapc 6 na tTlanehoib''^,
nip bo'^ mall,
cptcaeca*^ caem chopc co coppchaip'^'^
nocho cam.
Cpf ch^ao bam ap m n-Duibcpium
olea^ap bib,
ip cpi ceac bo co n-a n-uich bpij
cop m pig*^.
[Cpi ciaxi cope 6 cuachaib Cacail,
noco cpuaio,
cpi ceab baj-bpac co n-oachaib
blijib cuaiD.]
Cathraidhe, now the barouy of "Carey,"
in the north-east of the county of Antrim.
^' Breadacli This is the real territo-
rial name of the country of the Ui Dearca
Chein. Pre\nously to the seventeentlicen-
tuiy, Breadacli was the name of a parish in
the barony of ' Upper Castlereagh," now
incorporated with "Ciioc," under the name
of Cnoc Breadaigh, " Knockbreda." In the
Taxation of Pope Nicholas (circ. 1291), it
is called Bradach, and its burying ground,
still bearing this name, remains within
Belvoir Park, the seat of Sir Robert Bale-
son. See the Ordnance Map of the County
of Down, sheet 9. We have seen above in
the note on Ui Dearca Qhein, p. 1(>1, n. v,
that Mac Giolla Muire was chief of that
tribe, and it appears from the Registry of
John Prene, who was Ai'chbisliop of Ar-
magh, from 1439 to U-13, that " Patricius
Pallidus O'Gihnore" was chief parishioner
of "Bredac"in 1442.
' Forlhuatha, i. e. the extern tribes who
were not of the king's own race. See p. 78,
n. ', p. 120, n. ", supra.
" Mancha, riiore usually called Moncha.
na g-Ceapc. 178
A hundred wethers, a hundred cows, not sickly ooavs,
And a Imndred cloaks.
A hundred wethers, a hundred cows from Breadach',
Hard the story,
And a hundred hogs in their droves,
As I do relate.
A hundred wethers from the high Forthuatha^
And a hundred beeves,
A nd a hundred hogs to him are given
With a hundred cloaks.
Thrice fifty beeves from the Mancha",
Not slow is [the payment].
Thrice fifty fair cloaks with borders '
Not crooked..
Three hundred oxen from Dubhthrian"
Are due,
And three hundred cows with their distended udders
To the king.
Three hundred hogs fx'om the territories of Cathal,
Not severe,
Three hundred goodly cloaks of [good] colors
He is entitled to in the north.
>r Monaigh Uladh. They were a Leinstcr anterior to tlie Ui h- Eignigli ami Jlog
;ril>e, ilescendfd from ^lonacli, son of Oilioll Uidliir. See Diibli. Mac Firbisigh's geiica-
Miir, son of Bracan, son of Fiac, son logical work, p. 4G6. The (ixact situation
)f Uaire Barracli, s«)n of Cathacir Mor, of tiiis tribe has not been deterniineii, but
monarch of Ireland. They had slain thoir they were somewhere in tlic barony of
relative Fauna, tiie son of the king of Ivc.agh, in the county of Down. Tliey
[.■oinster, and tied to F^ochaidh Gundat, existed down to .so late a period as 1 1 73,
king of Uladh, their mother's relative, when, according to the Annals of the Four
and under the protection of St. Tighear- Masters, Mac Giolla Epscoip (Mac Gillos-
nach of Cluain-F'ois (Clones). Another l)ick), of this race, was chief of Clann
branch of the same tribe settled at Loch Aeilabhra, and legislator of the tribe of
Kirne, and gave name to FirManach (Per- Monach.
managh), a territory which they pos-sewed * Duilhlhrinn. — Sci- p. KM, n •', tupnl.
174
Ceabha]!
Qc pin a chipa Dia chobaip,
cluinib lib,
ceanmoca oaep-clanoa an boriiain
I n-a® n-olij
t)6151t).
" Unfree tribes, daer-chlanna. — The ce-
lebrated Irish antiqugj-y, Dubhaltach Mac
Firbisigh, mentions, in the preface to his
smaller genealogical work, six classes of
daer-chlanna among the ancient Irish, in
terms which run as follows :
Tlie Athach Tuath, or daer-chlann be-
fore mentioned : 1 . The first race of them
was the remnant of the Fir Bolg them-
selves, together with the remnant of the
Tuath De Danaim 2. The second race,
the people who passed from their own
countries, — they being descended from saer-
ehlann, — who went mider daer-chios (ser-
vile rent) to another trilje. 3. The third
people were the race oisaer-cldann, whose
land was converted into /earaMw cloidhimh
(sword-land or conquered countrj-) in their
own territory, and who remained in it, in
bondage, under the power of their enemies.
4. The fourth race were peopls of saer-
cldann, who passed into bondage for their
evil deeds, and who lost their blood and
their land through their evil deeds, accord-
ing to the law. 5. The fifth people were
those who came (descended) from stranger
soldiers, i. e. from external mercenaries,
who left posterity in Eire. 6. The sixth
race were the people who were descended
from the bondmen who came with the chil-
dren of INIileadli (Slilesius) into Eire.
Thus, the daer-chlaima were not always
i
na 5-Ceapc.
175
Such are his rents to assist him,
Hear ye thorn,
Besides what the unfree tribes* of his kingdom [pay]
In what they oxirc ENTITLED.
slaves, nor of ignol:)lc descent. They were
sometimes men of the chieftain's own race,
l)iit wlio had lost tlicir privileges in con;se-
quence of their crimes ; and very often
families of best Milesian blood, who were
expelled from theii- own native territories,
and wh(j had settled in other territories,
where they were admitted ou condition of
rendering tributes and services not required
of those who were native there. See Tribes
and Customs of the Ui JMaine, p. 84, where
it is stated that tlie family of O'Maeiltinn-
ain (who were of noble race) were among
the daer-thuatha of Ui Maine on account
of their exile ; and that the arch-cliiufs of
Ui Maine could increase the rents on all
the daer-thuatha, ad libitum.
In the prose, p. 1 08. the correlative terms
saer-thuatha and daer-thuatha occur. The
relation is not fully expressed by the terms
of the translation, " noble tribes" and " un-
free tribes." Strictly, the tuatha were
the territories, inhabited by the clanna or
tribes. The saer-chlanna were tribes of
equal nobilitj' with the chieftain ; their tri-
butes and privileges M-ere fixed, and it is
about them that the book before us is prin-
cipally conversant ; the daer-chlanna were
of the inferior castes above indicated, and
were subject to arbitraiy tributes.
176 Leabhap
IV.— t)6i5heat)n Ri^h ceamhi^ach.
X)0 OCl^BQO pij Uheampach anD po.
Qn ran nach pij pop Gpino pij Cearhpac, ipeao olijeap c^ao
claiDearii acup ceac pciach acup ceao n-ech acup ceao n-6oach
n-Dacha acup ceao luipeacha : 6 pij 6pinb do pij Uearhpach mo pin.
O pij CeaiTipach Dna oa pi^aib acup do chucchaib na miDi':
Pichi copn, pichi claiDeaih, pichi mogaiD, pichi milchon Do pi5
Coic pceich, coic claiDirh acup coic bpuic acup coic eich acup
coic coin DO pi^ TTluiji 6acha.
t)eicli n-eich, oeich mojaio, [oeich mna], oeich (5)-cuipn Do pij^
Ccejaipi^
Seacc pceich acup peachc n-eich acup peace mojaio acup
peuchc mna acup peachc (5)-coin do pij Qpojail.
Seachc n-eich, peachc (5)-cluiDiiii, peace (5)-cuipn, peachc
m-bpuic do pi j F^"P Cell'.
Se h-eich, pe claioini, p^ pc6ich, pd mojaiD do pij pea\\
Uulach.
Occpcdich, ochc (5)-claiDiTh, ochc (5)-cuipn, ochc n-eich do pij
Peap Ceachpa^
Si pceich, pe gabpa, yi bpuic, pe mojaiD, pe cuipn do pij
Cuipcne.
Coic eich, coic claiDTTii, coic bpuic Do pij h-Ua m-6eccon.
Coic mna, coic eich, coic cuipn, coic pc6ich do pij Chailli Pal-
lamam*.
Ochc mo5aiD acup ochc mna acup ochc n-eich acup ochc pceich
acup ochc (5)-claiDiTh do pij tDealbna ITIoipi'^. ConiD Doib-pm^ po
chaghain [in pat pencupa] 6enen [na buaoa]:
na 5-Ceo|ir. 177
IV THE PRIVILEGES OF THE KING OF TEAINHIAIR.
OF THE RIGHT of the king of Teamhair (Tara) here.
"Wlien the king of Teamhair is not king of Eire, he is entitled to
receive a hundred swords and a hundred shields and a hundred steeds
md a hundred colored dresses and a hundred coats of mail ; these are
from the king of Eire to the- king of Teamhair.
From the king of Teamhair, too, to the kings and territories of
Midhe (Meath) :
Twenty drinking-horns, twenty swords, twenty bondmen, twenty
greyhounds to the king of Breagh.
Five shields, five swords and five cloaks and five steeds and five
lounds to the king of Magh Locha. '
Ten steeds, ten bondmen, ten women, ten drinking-horns to the
iing of Laeghaire.
Seven shields and seven steeds and seven bondmen and seven women
md seven hounds to the king of Ardghal.
Seven steeds, seven swords, spven rlrinking-horns, seven cloaks to
he king of Feara Ccall.
Six steeds, six swords, six shields, six bondmen to the king of
['Vara Tulach.
Eight shields, eight swords, eight drinking-horns, eight steeds to
;he king of Feara Teabhtha. *■
Six shields, six horses, six cloaks, six bondmen, six drinking-horns
,0 the king of Cuircne. .
Five steeds, five swords, five cloaks to the king of Ui Beccon.
Five women, five steeds, five drinking-horns, five shields to the king
>f Caille Fhallanihain.
Eight bondhien and eight women and eight steeds and eight shields
md eight swords to the king of Doalbhna Mnr. Of which the gifted
listorical adept Benoan sang:
N
178 Leabhap
t)6l§10 pij Ceaihpa ciupini
po inDif 6enen bnilij,
I n-a n-olijeano i (D)-UeaTiipaiD'',
pal 6aiDne po Ian rheampaiD^
Cdo claioeab acup c^d pciarh
blijeap pi Ueampa'" na (D-)cpiar,
ceao n-eppao acup c^ac n-each,
ceao leano" acup ceao luipeach.
t)li5iD pint) ptj placha 6pea5
pichi cojm, pichi claioearh,
piehi milcon, pichi moj
6 pij Ueampa i'"'^ (D)-ruapipcol,
tDlijio pi ITlujji Cacha
c6)c pceich, coic claibmi caca,
coic bpuic capa acup coic eich,
coic eich jela" [cuij coin jeala B.] 'n-jlan ppeich.
tJlijiD pi Caejaipi"* luairh
oeich n-eich rlieanoa do 'n-a chuaidi,
Dec mojaiD, oeich mna mopa,
oeich (3)-coin, oeich (5)-cuipn com-ola.
Cuapipcal pij am'* Qpojail
pe [peace B.] pceich, pe h-eich [peace n-ecB.] a h-Qlbain,
pe [peace B.] mnd mopa, p^ [peace B.] mojaio
acup pe pe coin Do'n aJb [peace (5)-coin ou conaiB B.].
Dlijib pi Cailli eachach'*^
pe com cpena [peace n-ec cpen B.] oo'n epebrach,
» Breagh. — See p. 11, note^, supra. retains the name.
• ^ Magh Locha, — The name of this ter- <^ Laeghaire. — A territory in East Meath,
ritory is preserved in that of the parish of which comprised tlie baronies of " Upper
"Moj'lagh," ill the barony of " Fore," or and Lower Navan." This was the inheri-
" Demifore," as it was till recently called, tance of O'Coinnealbhain (Qiiinlan), the
in East Meath; bnt the territory was cer- senior representative of the monarch Laegh-
tainly more extensive than the parish which aire, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages.
na 5-Cea]ir. 179
THE RIGHTS of the king of Teamhair reckon
[Which] the beautiful Benean told,
Wliat is due to him at Teamhair,
A Latin scholar has fully observed it.
A hundred swords and a hundred shields
The king of Teamhair of lords is entitled to,
A hundred dresses and a hundred steeds,
A hundred tunics and a hundred coats of mail.
Entitled is the fair king of the principality of Breagh*
To twenty drinking-horns, twenty swords,
Twenty greyhoimds, twenty bondmen
From the king of Teamhair as a stipend.
Entitled is the king of Magh Locha''
To five shields, five swords of battle,
Five short cloaks and five steeds,
Five white hounds in fine array.
Entitled is the rapid king of Laeghaire*^
To ten strong steeds in his territory,
Ten bondmen, ten large women,
Ten hounds, ten horns for drinking.
The stipend of the noble king of Ardghal"^ [is]
Seven shields, seven steeds out of Alba [Scotland],
Seven large women, seven bondmen
And seven hounds [all] of the same kind.
Entitled is the king of Caille Eachacli^,
The populous, to seven strong steeds.
The church of "Trim," TealaohArd, and the J Ardghal A territory in p:ast Meath,
hill of Tlachtfiha, wore in it. See the Mi.i- l»ut its exact position ha-s not been deter-
cellany of the Irish Archieological Society, mined. Its chief is mentioned in the Annals
pp. 138, 142. See also Ussher's Primordia, of the Four Masters at the year 742, as
p. 853 ; O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 8.") : lord or tipheama Ardghail.
Petrie'a Ancient Architecture of Ireland. • •• Caille Eachach, i. e. the wood of Eo-
p. 28 ; and pagfl 1 0, note ', supra. chaidh. This was another name for thu
N 2
180
Ceabhaji
fecc (5)-claiDirii pe cop carha,
peachc (5)-cuipn, peer m-bpuic oej^ Dar<i.
t)lijiD ceanb pij peap Uulach
pe h-eich a cpeapaiB cupach,
pe cloiDirh, pe pceich oeapja
1 p6 joill'^ cean ^aeioealga.
Cuapipcol [pi] peap Ueachpa"*
ochc pceich, ochc (5)-clai6rhi oecpa'',
ochc (5)-cuipn, ochc leanna 'n-a Idirh,
ochc mnd oaepa o'd'^° omjbail,
tDligib pi^ Cinpcne in chalaio
pe pceich acup pe jaBaip,
territory of Feara Ceall, i. e. men of the
churches, which comprised the modern ba-
ronies of " Fircall," " Ballycowan," and
" Ballyboy," in the King's County. This
was the most southern territory of the an-
cient Midhe (Meath), and is still comprised
in the southern portion of the diocese of
Meath. It was bounded on the south by
Eile Ui Chearbhaill, which was a part of
Munster. After the establishment of sur-
names, the dominant family in this terri-
tory took the name of O'Mael-mhuaidh,
now Anglicized O'Molloy. The celebrated
churches of Rathin Mochuda, Lann Elo
(Lynally), Druim Guillen, Dur-inhagh Cho-
luim Chille (Durrow), and Rath Libhthen,
are mentioned by old writers as in this ter-
ritory. See Ussher's Prlino7-dia, pp. 910,
962; Colgar.'s Trias Thaum. p. 373,
n. 26 ; Irisli Calendar of the O'Clerighs,
10th June.
' Feura Tidach, i. e. the men of the hills,
now the barony of " Feartullagh," in the
south-east of We'fetmeath. After the es-
tablishment of surnames the chief family
in this territory took the surname of
O'Dubhlaighe (O'Dooley). They were dis-
possessed by the O'Maeil-eaclilainns (O'Me ■
laghlins) and the Anglo-Norman family
of Tyrrell, and they settled in Eile Ui
Chearbhaill (Ely O'CarroU), where they
are still numerous. See Feilire Aenghuis,
9th January; O h-Uidhrin's topographi-
cal poem; C'olgan's Acta SS. p. 135 ; and
Mac Firbisigh's pedigree of O'Maeil-each-
lainn.
" Teabhtha. — This name, also written
Teathbha, Teathfa, was Latinized " Teffia."
See pp. 10, 11, nn. ", ". In St. Patrick's
time it was applied to a verj' extensive ter-
ritory fonning the north-west portion of
the ancient Midlie (IMeath). It was divi-
ded into two parts by the River Eithne
(Inn}'), called North and South Teabhtha,
the former comprising nearly all the pre-
sent county of Longford, and the latter
about the western half of the present county
of Westmeath, namely, the districts of
Calraidhe, Breagh-mhaine ("Brawney"),
Cuircup (now the barony of " Kilkenny
iic( 5-Cec(]ic.
181
Seven swords for lightiiig in battle,
Seven drinking-horns, seven well-colored cloaks.
Entitled is the stout king of Feara Tvilach^
To six steeds from the middle of boats,
Six swords, six red shields
And six foreigners without Gaeidhcalga [Irish].
The stipend of the king of the men of Teabhtha^ [is]
Eight shields, eight swords for battle,
Eight drinking-horns, eight mantles in his hand,
Eight bondwomen befitting him.
Entitled is the king of Cuircne of the Caladh''
To six shields and six horses.
West"), besides the lauds assigned to the
Tiiite.s, Petits, and Daltons, and tlie barony
of " Kilcoursey" in the north of tlie King's
County. But the Conmaicne or Ui Fear-
ghail (O'Farrells), gradually extended
their power over the whole of North
Teabhtha, and gave it their tribe-name of
Angliaile, Anglicu "Annaly;" and after
the English Invasion various families of
Anglo-Normans settled in South Teabhtha,
so that the ancient Irish chieftains of tlie
tcrriton,-, namely, the Ui Catharnaigh
(O'Cahameys, now Foxes), were driven
into a very narrow stripe of it, namelj',
into the present barony of " Kilcoursey,"
tcp which they gave their tribe- name of
Miiintir Thadhgain. See tlie Feilire Aen-
ghuis at Cth Februarj* ; Colgan's Trias
Tliaiim., p. 133; 0' Flaherty's Ogijgia,
part iii. c. 85 ; Lanigan's Eccl. History of
Ireland, vol. ii. p. 100 ; and the Miscellany
of the Irish Arcliaeological Society, pp. 181,
18.5.
'' Ctiirciir of the Calnrlfi, i. c of tlie
nmrshy ilistrid, ilio local meaning of the
word caladh, " callow," along the Kiver
Sionainn (Shannon). This territory- is still
called in Irish Cuircneach, and comprises
the entire of the present baronj' of " Kil-
kenny West," in Westmeath, and that part
of the parish of Forgnuidhe ( Forgney), hnng
on the south side of the River Eithne (Inny).
.tVfter the establishment of surnames the
chief family of this territor}' took the name
of O'Tolairg, a name now, probably, un-
idcntifial)k'. After the English invasion the
ancient families of Cuircne were dispossessed
by the Dillons. See the Tripartite Life of
St. Patrick, lil). ii. c. 2, published by Col-
gan in his Trias T/iaum., p. 129 ; D. Mac
Firbisigh's genealogical work (Blarquis of
Drogheda's copy), pp. 115, 308, 309,
330; O'Flahcrty's Ogygia, part iii. cc. 81,'
85 ; and the Editor's edition of the second
part of the Annals of the Four Masters,
p. 822, n. P. See also the Feilire Aenghuis,
at 1 3th October, and the Irish Calendar of
Ihc O'Ckiighs, at 11th July, I3th Octo-
l)er, and 18th Deceml)er, from which it
will app<ar th:il the churches of Disert
182 Ceabhap
pe bpuic acup pe bachlatb,
pe cuipn bala, Dian achlaim.
Uuapipcol pij h-Ua nn-&eccoti
coic eich luacha pe licon,
coic bpuic bpeaca buan a n-oach
acup COIC claibirh i (5)-cach.
DI1516 pJ Chailli in OUairii^'
COIC pceirh, coic cuipn nop conj^aib,
cuic eicb a longaib lario^
cojc mna oaepa oin^bala.
t)li5i6 pij t)eulbna na n-oam
ocbc (5)-clai6iTTi, ochc pceidi cup pal,
coic eich [occ n-ec B.] co copaib caela,
ochc mojaiD, ochc mna oaepa.
ll-e pin peanchap^'^ pij Ueampach,
ni pioip-^ each bapo beljach,
ni Dip^^ baipo, ache Dip pileao''^
pip each pij ip a oligeo-^ OCl^'O.
16
UUQR0SU06 pij chuach ITIidi arhail po paiopeamap
Conlocha, Cluaia Conaidb, and Forgmii- Beccon.
(Ihe were in this territory. J Caille anOllahnli, i. e. the wood of the
'Ui Beccon, i.e. the race of Beg-on (a OUamh, or chief professor. It is more cor-
man'snamesignifyuig "q/7i«/e6?emts/^"), « rectly called CaUle Fhallamhain, i. e. Fal-
Avho was seventh in descent from Eochaidh lamhan's (Fallon's) wood, in the prose
Mnigh-mheadhoin, monarch of Ireland in anatomy of this poem. The situation of
the fourth centur}'. See Genealogies, Tribes, this territory appears from a note in the
and Customs of UiFiachrach, p. 13. This Feilire Aenghuis at the 14th September,
tribe is mentioned in the Annals of the and also from the Irish Calendar of the
Four Masters, at the year 1066, and their O'Clerighs, at the same day, which place
territory of " Tir Beccan," at the year in it tlie church of Koseach (Russagh), m
1U9. This territory would appear to be the barony of "Moygoish," and county of
included in the present barony of " Ka- AVestmeath.
loath," in the county of Meatli, where ^ Dealbhia, the '• Delvins," scilicet, the
tliere is a fort and parish called Kath ilistricts so called in Meath. These were
na 5-Cea]ic.
183
Six cloaks and six bondmen,
Six drinking-horns for distribution, fully prepared.
The stipend of the king of Ui Beccon" [is]
Five swift steeds [ready] to start,
Five chequered (plaid) cloaks of lasting color
And five swords for battle.
Entitled is the king of Caille FhallamhainJ
To five shields, five drinking-horns to possess,
Five steeds from out of full ships,
Five bondwomen befitting [him].
Entitled is the king of Dealbhna'' of poets
To eight swords, eight shields [brought] across the brine,
Eight steeds with slender legs,
* Eight bondmen, eight bondwomen.
That is the history of the king of Teamhair ;
It is not known to every prattling bard' ;
It is not the right of a bard, but the right of a poet
To know each king and his right THE RIGHTS.
THE STIPENDS of the kings of the territories of Midhe (Meath)
are as we have said.
Dealbhna Mor, now called the barony of
" Delvin," in the county of Westmeath ;
Dealbhna Beag, now called the barony of
" Demi I'ore," in the same comity ; Dealbh-
na Eathra, now called the barony of " Gar-
rycastle" in the King's Co., and Dealbhna
Teannnuiigli, wliiih was a part of Teatlil>lia,
the exact situati(jn of wliich has not been
yet determined. See O'Flaherty's Ogygia,
part ill. c. 82, and I). Mac Firbisigh's ge-
nealogical work (Marciuis of Drogheda's
copy), pp. oT, 315. Sie page 105, note >,
lupra, for tlie tribes of tills name seated in
U>c province of Connacht. After lh<' p^tab-
lishnient of surnames, O'Fionnallain was
the chief of Dealbhna Mor ; O'Maeil-chal-
lainn (Alidholland), of Dealbhna Beag;
Mac Cocblain (Mac Coghlan), of Dealbh-
na Eathra; and O'Scolaidhe (Scully), of
Dealbhna Teannmuigh, which wasotherwise
calk'd Deallilina Tarthair, or western Dealbh-
na. See O'DiibliUgain's topographical poem,
in which this last-mentioned territory is
placed in the country of "Tejithbha."
' Hard This word, among the ancienf
Irinh, meant an inferior poet or rhjmcr.
The DUanili liUadh wae a man of far higher
distinction.
184
(^eabhap
Ci|^a Din'7 acupb^pa acup biaca pijUeampach 6 chviachaib ano
po, peib po epnec acup po fcaio ppi Cono acup ppi popmac acup
ppi Caipppi, coniD bib jabpao piji lap puibiu. Comeap cana acup
coiiii-ica cean copmach ap ouij paibbpi, cean eapnarh ap Da)[6]bpi,
ace mma cheajairii^s ofj.]-, pop pmib^a no plaij no una^o no bumebdch, a-
chobach lap (5)-c6irheaD acup lap (5)-c6iTilai5eab m each bli'abain,
Upiancobaio na cana pin" bo poipb pinib na Ueaifipach, il-l6n acup
il-lonjao bdib, acup ap caipcib co h-uain araipic lap n-uapi**;
coniD DOib [pin] ac bepc^^ 6enen:
CIS UUaCh mi6l'\ mop m pcel,
po inoip pill pfp chpean,
map pojnaib bo C(li)earhaip chaip=*
6 aimpeip Chuinb Chec Chachaij.
tDlijiD pij Ueariipach na (o)-cuach,
pai no pealba^*^ co pap luach [pUiaj B.] —
caeca oam o'n oairh Oepi^^
caeca cpdn, caeca ceipi.
Cpicha barit a't)dil n-Iadiap,
rpicha cpain, ip cip bpiucap,
cpicha mole, maich an monap,
DO pi fTliDi in mop monao'^
Cpi cheo Dorh 6 na t)ealbnaib
DO chopacbcain co Ueampaib,
cpi ceac cope, cpI clieao nnbi,
cpi ceuc mole o'n mop pine-^''.
'" Conn of the Hundred Battles. — He be-
came monarch of Ireland A. D. 177. See
Of^j/ffia, part iii. c. 70.
" Deise — The people so failed were de-
scended from Fiacha Suighdhe, the elder
brother of Conn of the Hundred Battles.
They were seated in, and gave name to the
territory of Deise Teamhrach, now called
jMeath. They are said to liave been ex-
pelled thence by their relative Coi-mac, the
grandson of Coim of the Hundred Battles,
about the year 254, wlien they settled in
the present county of Waterford. See page
' 49, note ^ ; but it would appear from this
poem that they were in Meath at the time
of its composition, unless by Deise in the
the barony of " Decce," in the county of text we are to understand not the tribe but
na 5-Cea|ir. 185
The rents and the customs and the refections of the king of Teamhair
rom his chieftains here, as they yielded and paid them to Conn and
to Cormac and to Cairbre, from whom (i. e. from Avhose race) they sub-
sequently selected kings. The tribute and the payment must be the
same [at all times] without any addition for increased wealthiness,
without any deficiency for impoverishment, unless in case of a destruc-
tion of the tribe, or plague, or famine, or mortality, — to be levied, be
it great or be it little, every year. The third of this tribute, for col-
lecting it, belongs to the local families of Teamhair, for store and
provision for them, and to be stored by them for future occasion ; of
which Benean said :
THE TRIBUTES of the territories of Midhe, great the narrative,
A truly potent poet has related.
As they are rendered to Teamhair in the east.
From the time of Conn of the Hundred Battles'".
Entitled is the king of Teamhair of the territories, —
A chief who possesses [his kingdom] with a choice host, —
To fifty oxen from the tribe of Deise'',
Fifty sows, fifty young pigs.
Thirty oxen from Dal Iarthair°,
Thirty sows, which is a tribute to be talked of,
Thirty wethers, good the store,
To the king of Midhe of much money.
Three hundred oxen from the DealbhnaP
To be conveyed to Teamhair,
Three hundred hogs, tliree hundred tinnes (salted pigs).
Three hundred Avethers from the great tribe.
the territory to wliicli tlicy liad given name, or were suj)planted by others.
I)ut in which a tribe of atliflferent race were " Dal larthair, i. e. the Western Tribe,
tlien established. There are many instances This name does not occur in the Irisli .\n-
of this in Ireland, as Tir Oiliolla, in the nals or in any other authority lliat the
coimty of Slif,'o, and Tir Eanna, in the Editor has ever seen. It was evidently a
county of Donegal, &c., which retained name apjiliod to a tribe in the west of West-
names derived from uncieut proprietors, meath.
tlirii^'li ihoir races cither became extinct, p Dcalbhna See p. 182. n. '', supra.
186
Leabhap
Upi cliaecaiD leand a Cuijnib,
cpf chaecaiD rope, nop cuipmio,
cpi chaeca mapr, cean mebail,
oo chobaipc co cpom Ceamaip*"',
Ceo Ttiapc 6 Peapaib Qpoa,
ceao pmo mole, minap papja^',
cear cope, ip cpom m cuimne,
c6ac bpac, pib na mop Cuijne*'.
Ceb pdp bpac ip na Saicnib,
ceo cpan, ip cpoo ppi caicio.
1 Luiffhne, also called Luaighne, and now
corruptly Luibline. This was a territory of
considerable extent in Meath, and its name
is still presen'ed in that of the small barony
of " Lune," near the town of Trim, in the
west of the county of East Meath ; but the
territory of Luighne was much more ex-
tensive than the modem barony, for we
learn from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick
published by Colgan, lib. ii. c. 10, Trias
Thaum., p. 1 30, that the church of Domhnach
Mor Muighe Eachnach, " Donaghmore,"
near the town of " Navan," was in this
territory. After the establishment of sur-
names the chief family of this territory took
the surname of O'Braein (O'Breen), but he
is to be distinguished from O'Braein, of
Breagh-mhaine (Brawny), in Westmeath,
who is descended from Maine, the fourth
son of the monarch Niall of the Nine Hos-
tages; whereas O'Braein of Luighne, in
Meath, is of the race of Corraac Gaileang,
son of Tadhg, son of Cian, son of Oilioll
Olum, king of Muuster. See O'Flalierty's
Offi/gia, cc. 69, 85. See also O'Dubha-
gain's topographical poem, and Annals of
the Four Masters, A. D. 1201 ; and p. 103,
n. ^,stipra.
■■ Feara Arda, i. e. the men of the heights,
now the barony of " Ferrard," forming the
southern portion of the county of Louth.
The hills of Shabh Breagh extend across this
barony, from near " Ollon" to " Clogher
Head," and from this range of hills this
people took their name. The territory was
otherwise called Arda Cianachta. The
churches of Cluain Mor and Disert Meithle
Caeile are riientioned in the Irish Calendar
of the O'Clerighs, as in this territory. See
Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, lib. ii. c. 48,
and Colgan's note in Trias Thaum., p. 177,
note 90. O'Dubhagain does not mention
this territorj' under either name in his topo-
graphical poem, nor is it referred to m the
Irish Annals after the tenth century, so that
we have no means of detennining the name
of the principal family seated here before
the English invasion. This barony, and
all the region extending from Glais Neai-a,
near Druim Inascluin (Drumiskin), in the
county of Louth, to Cnocaibh Maeldoid, at
the Kiver Lifl'ey (but not including Teamh-
air or Tara) were granted to Tadhg, son
of Cian, son of Oilioll Olum, by king Cor-
mac, the son of Art, after the battle of
Crinna, fought A. D. 26 J. See Annals of
na 5-Cea]ir.
187
Thrice fifty mantles from the Luighne^,
Thrice fifty hogs, as was reckoned,
Thrice fifty beeves, without default,
To be brought to great Teamhair.
A hundred beeves from the Feara Arda%
A hundred white wethers, unless they procure those [the beeves],
A hundred hogs, heavy the remembrance,
A hundred cloaks, the enumeration of the great Luighne.
A hundred best cloaks from the Saithne',
A hundred sows, a stock for wealth, ^
Tighearnach, apud O'Conor, Reritm Hiher-
nicarum Scriptorcs, vol. ii. p. 45 ; Keating,
in regiitiine Fearghus Diiibhdeadach, and
O'Flaherty's Ogygia, part iii. c. 68. For
some notices of the chiefs of this tribe of
the Cianachta, see Annals of Tighearnach
at the years G62, 688, 735, 742, 748, 749 ;
and Annals of the Four Masters at the years
226,"528, 570, 732, 765, 789, 848, 849,
and 918.
» Saitline Tliis tribe -nere descended
from Glasradh, tlie second son of Cormac
Gaileang, son of Tadhg, son of Cian, son of
OilioU Olum. They were a subsection of
the Cianachta Breagh, and were seated near
the sea, in the east of " Bregia,"' or " Fin-
gall," to the north of Dublin. See O'Fla-
herty's Of/i/ffia, part iii. c. 69, and D. Mac
Firbisigh's genealogical work (Mar(|uis of
Drogheda's copy), pp. 348, 353. After die
establishment of surnames the chief family of
tiiis territory took the surname of O'Catha-
faigh, now Anglici Casey ; they were dis-
jKisses-scd by Sir Hugh de Lacy, who sold
tlieir lands, as we are informed by (liraldu-*
Cambrcnsis in his Jlibernin Expugnuiu,
lib. ii. r. 24, where he states that rhili()pua
Wigornicnsi.-?, .Justiciary of Ireland, seized
on tlie lands of " Ocathesi,"' to the king's
use, though Hugh de Lacy had formerly
sold them. According to Alan's Register,
fol. 21, amongst other grants, king John,
when he was Earl of Morton, confirmed to
Archbishop Comj-n " Medietatem Decima-
rnm Terre O'Kadesi, de FtinegalL" And
in the same Register, fol. 110, is contained
a charter by which John Archbishop of
Dublin grants ^' omnes ecclesias, capellas,
et decimas do tota terra que fuit O'Kadesi,
que in parochia Dublin est,V to the prior
and convent of Laothonia, Gloucester, and
in which the following places are mentioned
as in it, viz. : " Ecclesia de Villa Ogari, cum
capella que quondam fait Richardi Came-
rarii; ecclesia de Sancto Nemore [Holy-
wood] cum capella que dicitur Gratas ;
ecclesia de Villa Stophani de Cnies cum
pertinenlibus suis," &c. Kcdesia de Villa
Macdun cum decimis; et Villa Willielmi
Bartinct et Ecclesia de Terra Rogeri de
Waspeilc et ecclesia de Villa Radulphi
I'astons et capella Richardi Lafelde. "
In D'Alton's History of the County of
Dublin, p. 497, the parish " De Sancto
Xemorc," i. e. llolywood, is called the
rhurch of St. Xt-miirr.
188
Ceablia]!
X
X
acuy ceac mapc ap rhoijib
ip ceac TTiolc t>^a mopojio*^'.
Ceo cope a Cuipcne" in chocaio,
cea& mapc, ip mop an obuip,
acup ceac luljach lana l(yv'\^ ^"'^
DO pi laioech Ciacli Upaja^^.
Cpi ched cope a cip ^aileanj,
cpl ceao mole, cpf ceac pa leann^^,
cpi cheao bam, oiun in cliobaip,
Do'n C(b)laen Rdich, do chualabaip".
Ceo mole a^^ peapaib Uulacli,
ceo cope oo'n oiin nach oubuch,
ceao lul^ach co n-a laejaib,
ceac Dam, nocho beupc baejaiV^.
Cpichu mole a ^Tlui^ 6acba
DO pij Claen Raca in caca,
cpicha luljach buioi blaich,
cpieha t)am ip a' Ded5 paich^'*.
* Cuircne, now called the barony of "Kil-
kenny West," in Westmeath. Here the
jioet jumps from the extreme east of East
Meath to the extreme west of Westmeatli.
See page 181, note \ supra. »
" Liath Thraigh, i. e. tlie grey strand.
The Editor never met this name in any
other Irish authority. 6iacll tDpoma
in B., seems the correct reading.
* Gaileanga — This tribe also was de-
scended from Cormac Gailoang, son of
Tadhg, son of Cian, son of Oilioll Olum.
There were two territories of this name in
the ancient Midhe (Meath), the one called
(iailcanga Mora, or the GreatGaileanga, tlie
name of which is still preserved in that of
the barony of ITIop-^aileanj, Anglice
" Morgallion," in the county of Meath ; but
the territory was more extensive than the
barony, for we learn from the gloss to
tlie Feilire Aenghuis, IStli October, that the
mountainous district of Sliabh Guaire, now
a part of the barony of "Clankee," in
the county of Cavan, originally belonged
to Gaileanga, pinDpech, Uipjo, -| Gp-
naiDe nomen ciuicanp eiup, hi
Sleib ^Liaipe, h. n-^ailean^aib,
i. c. Finnseach Virgo et Ernaidhe nomen
civitatis ejus in Sliabh Guaire in Gailean-
giis. Tlie other, called Gaileanga Beaga,
was situate in Bregia, in East Meath, near
the Eiver Liffiy. Its position is known only
from the I'aet that the monastery of Glais
Nacidhin (Glasncvin), near Dublin, was in
na 5-Ceapr. 189
And a hundred beeves on the plains
And a hundred wethers to be slanschtered.
o
A hundred hogs from warlike Cuircue',
A hundred beeves, great is the store,
■ And a hundred fnll milch-cows
To the mighty king of Liath Drnim".
Three hundred hogs from the territory of Gaileanga',
Three hundred wethers, three hundred best mantles,
Three hundred oxen, vast the assistance,
To the Claen Rath, ye have heard.
A hundred wethers from the Feara Tulach"',
A hundred hogs to the fort [which is] u.ot cheerless,
A hundred milch-cows with their calves,
A hundred oxen, without any failure.
Tlnrty wethers from Magh Locha''
To the king of warlike Claen Rath^
Thirty goodly beautiful milch-cows,
Thirty oxen to the goodly fort.
it. Dr. Lanigan asserts tliat Glais-naidlien the elder, and hi.s followers, shortly after the
must have been on the south side of the English invasion, and the descendants of
Kiver Liffey, for no other reason than be- the con([uered Gaileanga have rem;xinod in
cause Raw son, in his Introduction to the obscurity ever .since, for none of this family
Statistical Survey of Kildaro, had said or have risen beyond the rank of cottiers or far-
conjectured that Caelan was bounded by mors ;" but the " O'Hennessys" of the race
the Liffey on tlie north; but Rawson w.is of CathaeirMor fiirnishwl a colonel to sup-
mi.sled by Beauford, who forged an ancient port tlie claims of .James II. wlio followed
Topography of Ireland, which was pub- his fortunes beyond seas.
lished in the eleventh number of the Cnl- " Fearu Tulach See page 180, note '^,
lectanea. According to O'Dnbhagain's to- snpra.
pographical poem, O'Lcochain, Anglicc * Miuili l.oclui See page 178, note ^
" Loughan," and Barharicd " Duck," was suprtt.
chiefof Gaileanga Mora, and Oh- Aenghusa ^ Claen liath, \.e. the inclining fort, .1
(Hennes.iy), of Gaileanga Reaga. IJotli name of Teaniliair (Tara). See I'etrie's
were di.spo.s.se8scd by Sir Hugh do Laiy, Antiipiitici of Tara Hill, p. 107.
190 Leabhap
Seapca bpac a h-UiB 6eccon,
peapca mapr, mop in c-ea^op,
la peapcao cp6naD cubaio,
peapca bpac 'p-°' "lop chulaij*'.
Ipea6 pin blijeap oo chpuo
pi rniDi, cean mop opDul,
1 (D)-CeampaiD buioi, map btp:
ipeao pin uili a n-apo chfp. CIS ULiarh [mibe].
'■ Ui Beccon 8ee p. 1 82, n. ', supra.
na 5-Cea]ir. ^ 191
Sixty cloaks from the Ui Beccon'=,
Sixty beeves, great the collection,
With sixty exceUect sows,
[And] sixty cloaks to the great hill [Teamhair].
•
That is what is due in cattle
To the king of Midhe, without great error,
At good Teamhair, as he is :
Such be all his high rents THE TRIBUTES.
192 Ceabhap
V. t)^.i5heat)h Ri^h ^ai^hean, a^us ciomMa
charhaeiR mhoip.
ace aY\Xy so cirriHa chauaiR maiR pop a [ciamo]
pop a rhucaiB aipeajoaiK aciip pop a cloino chomapbaip; acup do
poG nJ each meic b'lb oia poipb acup oia inbrhup,
Qcup ap beapc ppi Rop pailji 'c-d' beanoochab : —
" mo pCaiChlS, mo opoan,
mo pafpi, mo punroioi,
mo peom, mo poinepci'^,
^ mo cumap comaipji
Do-m' T^op pojap, &o-m' pailji paeBpacb :
copab cuimneach comapbaip
DO chach ap a m-[b]iaD,
(x\? ip DO ip Dctn cibnocol,
nipab peom pip-chaipceap,
peapnap do chach caem para ;
• catn in mino mop maipeach,
mo mac mopjap min aicni^,
cach-buaoach coicpichi;
impoa pia (D)-Ceama)p mm j,
ni Delia do bpdchaippi ;
* Testament of Cathaeir Mor — This will " Thus I find the will of king Cathair has
has been noticed by O'Flaherty, Ogijffia, been committed to writing."' The words
part iii. c. 59, where he gives a short ac- of Cathaeir's will are in that peculiar metre
count of it, from which it appears that the called by the Irish poets " Rithlearg" (and
document he used was different from our " Ritairec"), an example of which occurs
text; but he does not inform us where it is in the Battle of Magh Rath, p. 154, and
preserved, or whether he believed it Avas an many otlier esamiiles will be found in the
authentic document. He merely remarks : .incient Irish historical tale called " Forbais
na 5-Ceapr. 193
V. THE PRIVILEGES OF THE KING OF LAIGHIN, WITH
THE WILL OF Cx\TIIAEIR MOR.
HERE IS THE TESTAIMENT OF CATHAEIR MOR^ to his
children, to his principal sons and his heirs, and he gave to each son
of them a part of his patrimony and of his wealth.
And he said to Ros Failghe'', blessing him ; — ^
" MY SOVEREIGNTY, my splendor,
My nobleness, my vigor.
My wealth, my strength,
My power of protection
To my fierce Ros, to my vehement Failghe,
That they may be the memorials of succession
To every one [of his race] on whom they descend,
For to him belongs to make presents,
That he is not to hoard wealth perpetually,
[But] let him give unto all fair wages;
Clement is the great and comely hero.
My vehement son, smooth-minded,
Victorious in his border-battles;
He shall contend for the plain of Teamhair,
He shall not abandon it to his relatives;
Uroma Damghaire," preserved in the Book '' Ros Failghe, i. c. Ros of tlie rings. Ho
of Lios Mor (Lismore), in the Library of is tlie ancestor of the Ui Failghe, of whom
fJie R. Irir*h Acadomy. See Iiitroihiction. 0'Conchol)liair Failglie (O'C'oiinr I'aly").
CathacirMor v>an monarch of Ireland in aiul O'Diomasaigh (O'Denipsey) of C'lann
the second century. According to the Iri>ih Maeiliaghra (Clannialier), and O'Duinn
genealogists he had three wives and thirty (O'Dunne) of Iregan, were the most dis-
sons, Init onh;thc ten mentioned in this will tinguislicd families after the establishment
had issue. Sec O'FIa. 0(ji/f/ia, ]>. iii. c. .'ill. of surnames. Sec |i. 21 C, n. ', infra.
O
194 Leabhaji
beapa ba»j le-m' ISuan riiacaiB^
ppi ntchaib a n-ecpara ; ^
CO bpuch buioneach beanoacc', —
pob peapp cac peap puilji l^op."
Qcup DO Beapc® do oeich pceich acup Deich (b)-puil5i acup oeich
(5)-claiDith acup oeich (5)-cuipn, acup ao beapc ppip, —
'* 6QD SOGRQ DO clanba icip clanoaib mo cloinoi-pea."
Qp^ pm ap beapc ppi Oaipi 6appach'°:
"ITIO gaiSCeab, mo ^eap-luinoi
DO-m' D(h)dipi bupb, beo6u-pa:
pob mac ochca aipeachca
each mac buan do-d' bpoinD pine;
a tD(h)aipi, co n-oanDup"
puij aip mach'^ Uuach 6ai jeuri;
cpaibpea cpicha tDeap ^abaip;
no gab peoDU i-o' chomaipji'^ ;
buaiD bpeiri'^ Do-r' injeanpaio
Dia (b)-paepuD; do'^ pean achaip
Cachafp, ceano in choicib-pea,
DO bep DuiD a BeanDaclicain
CO maD nia co pobaprham'^
op ^ailianchaib glap . . . IDO ^QlSCGab.
Qcup ao'^ beapc do la poDain ochc mojaio acup ochc mna acup
ochc n-eich acup ochc (5)-cuipn.
Cfp beapc'^ Dm pope ppi 6peapal n-6ineachlaip:
'^ Daire Barrack. — He was the ancestor of sixth in descent from him, according to
the (iiiuily of Mac Gorman, chief of the Ui the O'Cleriglis.
Bairrche, for tl' . situation of which see page '^Deas Ghahhair According to the An-
'212, n. '", infra. St. Fiac of Sleibhte, now nals of the Four Masters, at tlie j'car 920,
" Slate}'," in "Omargy," is said to have been this was anotlier name for Ui Ceinnsea-
the great-grandson of this Daire Barrach, laigh. See the Introduction,
and St. Diarmad, thja founder of the church of « GaiHans. — An old name of the Laigh-
Gleann Uissen, a remarkable valley, situate nigli, or Leinstermen. See Introduction,
two miles to the west of Carlow, was the ' Eiyht bondmen O'Flaherty says, ubi
na 5-Cea|ir. 195
lie will give his aid to my steadfast sons
Against tlie attacks of their enemies ;
To the multitudinous day of judgment [is this] blessing, —
Better than every man shall Failghe Ros be."
And he gave him ten shields and ten rings and ten swords and ten
drinking-horns, and he said to him, —
" NOBLEST SHALL BE thy descendants among the descendants
of my children."
Then he said to Daire Barrach"^ : .
" MY VALOR, my martial impetuosity
To my fierce, vigorous Daire;
The darling of the assembly
, Shall every steadfast son of the tribes of thy loins lie;
O Daire, with boldness
Sit on the frontier of Tuath Laighean (north Leinster) ;
Thou shalt harass the lands of Deas Ghabhair^ (south Leinster);
Receive not price for thy protection ;
Thy daughters shall be blessed with fruitfulness
If they wed ; thy old father
Cathaeir, the head of this province.
Gives thee his benediction
That thou shouldst be a powerful champion
Over the green Gailians®." MY VALOR.
And he gave him, thereupon, eight bondmen' and eight women and
eight steeds and eight drinking-horns.
He said afterwards to Breasal Eineach-ghlais^ :
xtipra, tli.it before kiiif; " Catliir" fell in silver riclily rarved, fifty swonis ofape-
tlie battle of " Tultfin," lie ordered hi.s son, ciiliiir workniaiisliij), five rings of gold ten
" lioss Failge," to give legacies to the rest times melted, one lumdre<l and fifty cloaks
of his sons, and to the other nobles of Lein- variegated with nabyloni;\n art. and cxcn
stor, and that he presented " to Daire Harry military standards."
oni;, bund red round spears, with sihcr f Ui'i'iisnl Kinrnrli-iililitis — Heislbenn-
blades, lifly shields incases of gold ami < rslnr ofa tribciallid IbeUi Kineaeh-ghlais,
o 2
196
Ceabliaji
" mo 6eaR, co n-a Idn-ropao,
Do-m' 6peapal bino bpiachpach-pa;
geib lar Innbeap n-Qimipjin,
lap pelbab na Tp^an poinoi :
pip paepa, co puchaine'^,
uaib-peo; lapuiii aipemdiap^"
ruipc chpaechpao^' a chiuj-paoap
1 (5)-cm Idimi^^ lairhchiji;
cia rpeapao a ppichipi,
ni ba pealba peapcai6pi5
' (s)"*^"P oochpabib.
Qcup DO beapc do pe lonja acup p^ luipeacha acup pe h-inaip
pcup p6 pceich acup pe h-eich; acup bo beapc do p6 bdim poo^pin
ico Ifn a (b)-pualaipc^'.
Qcup DO beapc ppi C^acach^*: •
"TTIO CllT^lCha peachcapoa
DO C^acach cpioeochaip" ;
ba Dich bopb do-d"'' bpachippi ;
cia beich peal^^ ppm paep popba,
uab ni jenpipeap"^."
Qcup 111 chuc a chuib cimnao bo,
lap pin ap beapc ppi Peapjup 6uapcan:
" peQRgUS, peap co n-imjloine^^,
luaioeap a Uiapc leanrhaiDi;
or Ui Feineachlais, who were seated along
the sea to the nortli of the Ui Deaghaidh,
and in the present barony of Arklow, in the
county of Wicklow. This tribe is incor-
rectly called " Ui Ineachruis," in all the
copies of O'h-Uidhrin's topographical poem.
The church of Inis Mocliolmog belonged to
this territory. See the Fcilire Aenc/huis,
and the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs, at
14th November.
'' Inbhear Aimherglnn. — So called be-
cause this was the portion of the country
which fell to the lot of Aimherglnn, one of
the sons of Rlilidh (Milesius), and the
poet and judge of their expediton. This is
more usually called Inbhear Mor. It was
originally the estuary of the Abhainn IMlior
(Avonniore), but it was aftenvards, after a
manner used elsewhere, applied to the town
of Arklow, which, after the Danish and
ria j-Ceapc.
197
" MY SEA, with its full produce,
To my sweet- spoken Breasal ;
Take thou unto thee the Inbhear of Aimherghin'',
According to the possession of the ancient division :
Free men, and of long duration,
[Shall descend] from thee; afterwards shall arise
Princes who shall destroy his last chieftainship
For the crime of the arm of an unjust man ;
And though it shall return again.
It shall not be a happy possession
Becavise it shall be liable to oppression."
And he gave to him six ships' and six coats of mail and six tunics
and six shields and six steeds; and he gave him his own six oxen with
all their appointments.
And he said to Ceatach'' :
" ]\IY LANDS external [to my mensal lands]
[I give] to my beloved Ceatach ;
It will be a violent destruction to thy brotherhood ;
Though thou wilt be for a time in possession of a free inheritance,
From thee none shall be begotten."
And he did not give his testamentary pgrtion to him.
Then he said to Fearghus Luascan;
" FEARGHUS, a man of purity.
He speaks of his infantine rockings ;
Kiiglish invasions, became the principal
fortress of Ui Eineacli-glilais. According
to O'li-Uidriii's topographical poem,
"O'Fiachra"' was the cliiuf rif thi-s tribe
after the cstablisiiment of Kurnames.
' Six ships, &c 0'l'"hiiu;rly says that
" Catliir" gave " Ureaiial Enachlas" five
ships of burden, fifty bossed shields, sii-
porldy inlaid witli silver and gold round
the edges, live golden-hiltcd swords, and
five chariots with their horses. This is a
further proof that tlie document consulted
by O'Flalierty was totally diflerent from
any of the copies now known to exist.
^ Cetituch This is probably the Cea-
tach after whom the barony of Ui Ceataigh
(liicathy), in the north of Kildare, received
its name. The criocha seachtur were the
lands which were not mensal, or parcel of
the king's inheritance or succession.
108 Ceabhap '
n\ pjl lim bo chibnocol,
ap ni maenach^*' iiach macaeiiiDa;
ace ma cheajitia oino appao
caiman, calarti cpiun, lapcain,
nimoam Deinineacli oichioean
Do'n pip luaioeap luapc."
Qcup ni chuc nf bo.
Cfpbeapc laparh ppi Cpirhchanoan:
"CRimUliaMt), mo chup cluicheocaip^';
jlap pop lunu lean-rhai6i ;
jeBup lachu amocp^annca ;
ni oil leam a bun moipi'^;
ni ba coimpij cabupa
ace ma checma aen.
.1. Colam mac Cpimchainb. ^
Qcup DO pab bo pechc n-eich acup pe cuipn acup p6 maclu acup
pe bam co Itn a (b)-pualajp'^
Qenjup Nic bno mac bo poinbi Cachalp rpia mepci pi a** injin
1. ppi TTIuccna injin Cachafp, ip ppip ao'^ beapc Cachaip :
"Nice, nimcha peilB paep'^ popba
DO mac TTIuccna michipi,
up a' meab ip imndipi'''
cuipmeuD clunb ppi coiKoelchu.
ip peupp 6caib uchuipi^s.
olc buunuDuj beo."
Qcup ni chuc ni bo.
[Qjup] ab beapc lap pin ppi h-GocbaiD Uimine :
' Except one, i. e. Colam mac Criomh- (" Terryglass," near the Shannon, lii Lower
tludnn — It will be remarked that " Colam Ormoud, Tipperary), where liis festival was
uKic Crinithainn" is here a mere scholium. It celebrated on the 13th of December. The
is not in H. at all. According to the Feilire O'Clerighs remark that he was really the
Aeiiffhuis, and the Calendar and Gencalo- son of Ninmidh, who was the fifth in de-
gies of the Irish Saints, compiled by the scent from Crindithann, the son of Cathair
O'Clerighs, he was abbot of Tir Da Ghlais Mor. He should therefore have been called
na 5-Cea]ir. 199
I have naught to present,
For every yovith cannot be wealthy ;
But if we happen to have possession
or land, powerful land, hereafter,
I am not certain but I may give leavings [a remnant]
To the man who talks rockingly (at random)."
And he did not give anything to him.
lie said then to Criomhthann:
" CRIOMHTHANN, my boyish hero;
He is a lock upon the blackbirds of the meadows ;
He shall conquer weak territories ;
I love not his profession of fame ; .
There will not be [any of his race] worthy of veneration
Except one' [who] shall prove [so].
i. e^olam mac Criomhthainn.
And he gave him seven steeds" and six drinking-horns and six raa-
tals and six oxen with their full appointments.
Aenghus Nic, 'too, a son that Cathaeir begat in his drunkenness,
by his daughter, i. e. Muchna, daughter of Cathaeir, to him Cathaeir
said:
" NIC, there shall not be possession of free land
"With the son of hapless Muchna,
Because of the greatness of the disgrace
Of begetting children by relatives.
Better is the death of a disgrace ;
111 is the continuing of infamy."
And he did not give anything to him.
And he said then to Eochaidh Timine:
Colam Ua Crinihtliaiiin. lie diod in Iho of elegant constriutipn, two clicss-lHianls
year 552. with tliuir clR'ss-nit-n dislinguislied uith
™ Seven steeds O'Flalierty says that tlieir spots and power, on which account
"Cathlr" gave this " Crimhthann" filly he was constituted master of the games hi
hurling halls made of brass, with an ciiiial Lcinslcr, but the ICditur has not foiuid any
nvnnlier of bra/en hurkls, ten iiair of tables original Irish authority for this.
200 Leabhap
"mo eocKait>'° cimiwe,
cp^irh pep, nt cip cheaglamap^^"
ni cpeoin*' 6 rip chuipjeboaio;
nipob apeapthap*^ oil pine;
ni ba bupach beachpaiji;
mo painoi, mo eapcaine
peach a bpuichpi[b] buanma[pa]
paip-peom co bpach biap."
Qcup ni chuc cimna do, acup nlp^^ chaipmipc a beich i (b)-pail
a bpairhpeuch*^ amail chocapr.
Qd^* bepc Dno ppi h-Qilill Cea&ach mac Cachaip :
" 01616f>, oil peap i^<5 pelbaiD
pean mai6, pean bpuoao,
ni ba puaip oo pach''^;
peap popaio ppi pichchillacc
uap p6 maijib par."
t)o poD ano pin a pichcill co n-a piccillacbc do Qilill Ceabac.
t)o luiD ono Piacha Pa^^ h-Qici6 a oochum a achaip^^, acup ba
p6 popap a mac acup ap beopc ppip:
"HimUhQSQ Nf bobeapap lac ace mo beannacc acup ma
b6ip 1 n-aicci cac bpachap ouic co m-ba6 peiopeacb." ,
CiiD m gilla [Piaco] piao a acbap; ap beapc lapam [a acaip i.]
Cachaip ppip.
" PQGl mfS let each m-bpachaip oum acup paf peachc
m-bliaona la Ropa*" F^el-j' "loc Cachaip. Dia nam copachc do
beannacc i pon pelbi do jmpino*' ant> pm."
Conao anb ap beapc Cachaip :
"SRUlCn in popap poineamail, '
Piacha peap a n-ilceaoaib",
" ,'/« a cof/art As a servant or villamis. tor of a sopt seated in a territory' called
See on the cogarts of Leinster, m/ra, p. 219. Criocli na g-Ceadach, in the north-east of
" Oilioll (^eadach. — He was the anccs- the King's County.
na 5-Ceapr. 201
" MY EOCITAIDII TIMINE,
"Weak man, it is not land he will acquire ;
It is "not brave men from countries he will expel ;
From him will not descend a great tribe;
He shall not be a man of lowing herds ;
My weakness, my curse [or foolishness]
Beyond his enduring brothers
Upon him for ever shall be."
And he gave him no testamentary [share] ; but he forbade him not
to live with his brothers as a cogart" (steward).
lie said to Oilioll Ceadach°, the son of Cathaeir :
" OILIOLL, a great man in the possession
Of old plains of old brughaidhs [farmers] ;
Noble shall not be thy rath [abode] ;
A man intelligent in chess playing,
[Who shall rule] over many prosperous plains."
And he gave his chess-board and his fithcheallachti' (chess furni-
ture) to Oilioll Ceadach.
Then Fiacha Ba h-Aicidh went to his father, and he was the youngest
of his sons, and the father said to him :
" I HAVE NOT AUGHT that thou couldst take with thee but
my blessing and that thou abide with each of thy brethren till thou
art of maturity."
The youth Fiacha wept in the presence of his father ; his father,
i. e. Cathaeir, then said unto him :
" ABIDE A MONTH with each of thy brothers, and abide seven
years with Ros Failghe the son of Cathaeir. If, then, thou retain the
blessing I would ensure to thee prosperity of possessions."
And then Cathaeir said:
" A CHIEF shall the prosperous junior be,
Fiacha a man of many hundreds [of cattle] ;
I' Uh chest with his Jithchilliacht — pircilleucc <>n C'liomhtliaiin. not cii
OFlaluTty makes Cathair bestow tlic Oiliol Ceadach.
202
Ceabhap
buaib-jean 6eaplia bpudirhaipi;
po^nipeo a Bpudiuip pine;
QiUmo dpo CO n-upjeba;
Capmon*^ clocach coirhjebaiD;
biaib op Qlriiam aipmioin** ;
Ndp amnicha neapcaijpio;
luam ^aopano co luchniaipi^*;
peap ariipa op Qipgeao Rop;
lachu Qilbi oU-jebaio;
(^lariiajri op lip loinjpijpib;
cpiacha Uearhpa cpaipceapaio;
aenach Uaillcean copmaibpio ;
each cptch p6 chipc chomaoaip
pob lip buaoa beannaccan
ap bo pil CO puchaine,
a h-Ui Piacha aiprhiDnij*^;
bo chuib cimna rappaoaip
CO pomnieach, co ppuich . .
SRuirh.
■Ro bai peom Din*^ a (b)-pail a Bpcticbpeach*^ amail ap beapr
Cachalp; conio be pin po lil Piacha Pa h-Qicib*^ be ap a beich
a n-aicci a bpdirhpeach; acup po bai la "Rop map pm peachr
1 Aillinn. — A celebrated fort of the kings
of Leiiister, the extensive remains of whieh
are still to be seen ou the hill of Cnoc Ail-
linne, near " Old KilcuUen," in the county
of Kildare.
■" Caiman.. — This was a seat of the kings
of Leinster, and its site is occupied by the
present to-vvii of Wexford ; see p. 15, n. 'i.
' Almliain, y^7i(/7(ci!" Allen," a celebrated
hill about five nriles to the north of the
town of Kildare; see p. 14, u. '.
• Nas, another seat of the kings of Lein-
ster, Anghce " Naas ;" see p. 0, n. 'i.
" Ladhrann, i. e. Ard-ladhrann. Tliis
\vas another fort of the kuig.>i of Lcinstci-,
situate on the sea coast, in the territory
of Ui Ceinseallaigh. See Colgan, Acta
Sanctorum, Vita S. Maidoci, p. 210. " Et
intravit portuni in regione Hna-Kinselach
in oppido quod dicitur Ardlatbrann." Tliis
place was known in the time of Colgan,
who describes it as a place in the diocese of
Ferns, and county of Wexford, called after
Ladhrann, a soldier (and companion of the
Antediluvian " Ceasair,"), wlio was there
interred. Acta SS. p. 217, note 22.
The editor could not find any place in
the county of Wexford according with the
notices of this place in the Life of St. Mai-
doc, except " Ardamine," on the sea coast,
na 5-Cea]ic. 203
The gifted man from the boiling Boaibha ;
Him his brother- tribes shall serye;
The noble Aillinn'' he will inhalnt ;
The famous Carman'' he shall obtain ;
lie shall rule over the venerable Almhain' ;
The unpregnable Nas' he shall strengthen ;
The active pilot of Ladhrann" ;
An illustrious man over Airgead Ros' ;
The lands of Ailbhe"* he shall mightily obtain ;
Liamhain*, over the sea, he shall pilot ;
The chiefs of Teamhair he shall prostrate ;
The fair of Taillte he shall magnify ;
Every country under the control of his justice [he will bring] ;
Numerous will be the gifts of the blessing
On thy seed for ever,
Thou grandson of Fiacha the venerable ;
Thy testamentary portion thou hast received
Happily, like a chieftain A CHIEF.
He abode then with his brothers, as Cathaeir had ordered, and hence
the name of Fiacha Ba h-Aicidh adhered to him for living on his bro-
thers. And he remained seven jears with Ilos in that manner; and it
ill tlic barony of" Ballaghkecn," where there ancestor of the Laighnigli (Lagenians), or
is a remarkable moat, level at top, and l>einster race of princes, is said to have
measuring about eighty links in diameter. erected a fort called Kath Beatlui. Sec
Sec the ^Vnnals of the Four Masters, ad Ilaliday's edition of Keating's History of
luin. mund. 2242, 3519, and Ilaliday's Ireland, pp. 300, 308, 310, 318, 328, 334,
lulition of Keating's History of Ireland, 34G; and O'Flaherty's Oyugifi, part iii.
pp. 150, 318; D.Mac Firbisigh's Genea- c. 19. This fort is now called " Rath-
logical work (Marquis of Droghed^s copy) veagh." Sec Tighe's Statistical Account
pp. 23, 185, 240, where it is stated that of the County of Kilkenny,
the tril)e of Cineal Cobhthaigh were seated '■" Ailhlu: — An extensive plain in the
at Ard Ladhrann ; and see O'Flahcrty's prcsentcountyof Kildare. SeeMagliAilbhe,
(hjijiiui, part iii. cc. 1 and 19. p. 16, note ">, s\ipra.
" Ail fjrud Ilos A district on the River " I.iumhuin — Tliis is put fi>r Laighiii,
Feoir (An Flieoir, Anylki the Nore) in I'i us apiKars from the copy in the Book of
DuHch, where Eireainhon (llerenion), th.; Dally mole. See !>. 228, n. '", infri.
204 Leabhap
m-bliaona, conio laip po 50b apmo acup conaio 6 pil T?uip olijeap
each''' peap do pil Piachach ceao-jabail 'n-aipm''^.
t)o luiD Cachalp pope co UaiUcm acup do bep each UaiUcean
CO copchaip"* ant) pni la Pein f.uaione'^.
t)d mac bm°7 Peiolimio Pip Up-jlaip .1. niaine mdl''8 m pinopeap
acup Cuchaip m popap; unoe**^ f^ujaip Idn-pili [oipcic .1.] :
Opap eipclop, opoan, din, [.1. pine TTlaine, B. inter imeas.'^
ntp bo chdip p6J° popjla peap ;
pdcbao Cachaip, cono each c-pluai 5,
la ^.uaijne chuaio a ITluij 6pe5.
Conao DO olijeao acup do chuapipcol clomoi na mac pin uft
beapc [in paf buaoa] 6enen ann po:
C6QRC pij ^aijean po luaio 6en^n,
a m-bpeich udaip [Fl^^niTE^lil?
A I n-a^' n-olijeno pij each chuaichi,
cpia chuaich Im a chuapipcol^^.
Qn cpdch nach pi b' Gipino uili
dipo-pijCaijean lino uaine,
leip copach in each chip cpem einj
6 pij 6ipinD [pjino (F)uaipe.
t)eich mojaib bo laech-pi ^aijean,
beich (5)-coin c-poliiia, puileaeha,
oeich pcinji pop pcibpeac conoa,
beich lonja, beich luipeacha.
Upicha pdlach, caeca claibearh,
c^ac n-each n-bonb, beich n-bin bpacaib,
caeca eochall, nip bao pacl^buibb",
beich pach^^ chuipn, oeich pij-macail.
Se cuipn, pe pdilji b'[U]ib paeldin,
p6 leanna ap in lacaip pin^^
y Taillte, now absmdly Anglicized "Navan." "Teltown" is taken from the
Teltown," midway between " Kells" and oblique cases, CaiUcean, &c. li.ofMagh
na 5-Ceapr. 205
was from him he took arms, and it is from the descendants of Ros that
every man of his descendants is bound to receive his first arms.
Cathaeir afterwards went to Taillte'', and he fought the battle of
Taillte, and he was killed there by the Fian of Luaighne.
Feidhlimidh Fir Urghlais had two sons, namely, Maine Mai, the
senior, and Cathaeir [Mor], the junior; whence Lughair the full poet
said:
A famous, illustrious, honorable junior,
He was not despicable among the choicest men;
Cathaeir, the prop of each host, was killed
By the Luaighne, in the north, in Magh Breagh.
And it is of the rights and stipends of the descendants of those
sons Benean the gifted sage spoke here:
THE RIGHT of the king of Laighin [Leinster] Benean related.
In the decision of an author he found it,
What the king of each territory is entitled to, [and].
Throughout his country, the number of his stipends.
When not king of all Eire
Is the supreme king of Laighin of green waters,
To take the van in going into every country of strong frontier
From the king of temperate Eire. - [is his [privilege]
Ten J^ondmen to the heroic king of Laighin,
Ten fleet, quick-eyed hounds.
Ten scings'- over which the waves glide.
Ten ships, ten coats of mail.
Thirty rings, fifty swords,
A hundred bay steeds, ten sheltering cloaks,
Fifty cowls, not a common stipend,
Ten choice drinking-horns, ten royal niatals.
Six drinking-horns, six rings to the Ui Faclain'\
Six mantles on that same time,
Rath, p. 108. n. ''. Ijuaighne — Seep.8C,n.'. " tiftp])ing8" docs not seem apiilicablc licro.
^Srings — See p. 70, n. ', l)ut the incanint^ '> Ui Farhi'm Tliis wns tlir nnnic of a
206 Leabhap
pe h-eich luacha co n-a laidipiB;
jia^o buijchip, nip bpdrhaippi.
Ceo n-each uao-pom bo chupc Chomaip,
ceb m-bo ap ruillearli" cuapipcail,
^ cpica ban pe meo ip muipeap,
ceao claibearti, ip cpuaD<ipcaiD.
Ochc lonja o^n laech'^ do plaich Chualano,
CO peolaib co peol [ppol B.] bpacaib,
ochc (5)-cuipn, ochc (5)-clai6irh co cmaio'^,
occ n-inaip, ochc n-6p niacail.
Seachc pceich, peachc n-eich oo pij popchuach
lap n-6l pina aipibi*",
peachc (5)-cuipn co n-a mio oo'n maipij,
peachc (5)-claiDim 'n-a (5)-caipi6ib.
Si h-inaip do pij an Inobep,
pe Doim luacha, leimnecaS',
tribe and territory containing about the
northern half of the present comity of Kil-
dare. It comprised the baronies of " Clane"
and " Salt," and the greater part, if not the
entire, of those of " Ikeathy" and " Ough-
teranny." The town of Nas (Naas), and
tlie churches of Claenadh (Clane), Laith-
reach Bruin (Laraghbrine, near " May-
nooth"), Domnach mor Muighe Luadhat
(Donaghmore), Cluain Conaire (Clon-
curry) ; and Fiodh Chuillinn (Feiglicullen),
were in it. See the Feilire Aenghuis, and
the Irish Cak.idar of the O'Clerighs, at
18th May, 8th June, 8th August, 2nd and
IGthof September, and 27th of October.
After the establishment of surnames the
chiefs of this territory took that of Mac
Fat'lain, and soon after that of O'Brain
{Anylice O'Byrne), but tliey were driven
from this level and fertile territory, about
the year 1202, by Meyler Fitz-IIenry and
his followers, when they retired into the
mountains of Wicklow, where they acquired
new settlements for themselves, and in the
reigns of Henry VIII. and Elizabeth they
were possessed of more than the southern
half of the present county of Wicklow. See
the Editor's translation of the second part
of the Annals of the Four Masters, p. 137,
note ^, and page 246, note f, where autho-
rities are quoted which prove the Ui Faelain,
AnglicS " Offelan," the original country of
the Ui Brain (O'Bymes), comprised the
five northern baronies of the present county
of Kildare, and that it was bounded on the
north by Deise Teamhracli, on the west by
Ui Failglic, on the north-east by Ui Dun-
chada, and on the south by Ui Muireadh-
na 5-Cec(]ic.
207
Six swift steeds with their caparisons;
Though it is promised, it is not for brotherliooJ.
A hundred steeds from him to the Prince Tomar'',
A hundred cows as additional wages,
Thirty women of size and with offspring,
A hundred swords, it is a severe tribiite.
Eight ships from the hero to the lord of Cualann"^,
With sails [and] with satin flags (banners).
Eight drinking-horns, eight keen-edged swords,
Eight tunics, eight gold [embroidered] matals.
Seven shields, seven steeds to the king of the Forthuatha'*
After drinking certain wine.
Seven drinking-horns with their mead to the mariner.
Seven swords in their scabbards.
Six tunics tjo the king of the Inbhcar*,
Six oxen^swift, bounding,
aiRli, Avglice " Omurethi," O'Tuathail's
(O'Toolf'.s) original territory.
'' Prince Tomar, i. e. king of Dublin.
See the Introduction; and p. 40, n. ".
<^ CtiaJann See p. 13, note '', mpra.
•1 Forthuatha, i. e. the stranger tribe. It
appeai-s from an old life of St. Caenihghin
(Kevin), quoted by Ussher in his Primor-
flia, p. 95G, and by the Bollandist^, that
tlio i-hurcli of Gleunn Da Loch, i. e. VuUis
iliiorum stftt/vorum (Glcndalough), was in
this territory. Tlus shows tliat it was an
iiliiiii name for Ui Mail, as, according to a
note ill the Fcilire Aewjhu'is and tlie Irisli
Calcudiir of the O'Clerighs, at 7th Oi.ti)-
tjer, Ui filail is the name of the territory in
^vlli<!l Gleann Da Loch is situated. Ui
M.iil (Iiiiaile) is a well-known territory
in the barony of Upper Talbotslown, in the
county of Wicklow, in which the family of
O'Tuathail (O'Toole) settled after their ex-
pulsion from their original territory of Ui
Muireadhaigh in the now county of Kil-
dare, by the Baron Walter de liiddles-
ford. See the Editor's translation of the
Annals of the Four Masters, page 51, n. •",
and page C 64, note'-; also the published
Infiuisitions, " Lagenia," Wicklow, G Jac.
I., 8 Car. I. Domhnall Mac Faelainn, king
of Forthuatlia Laigliean, was slain in the
l)attlcof CluainTarbh (Clontarf) according
to the Annals of Ulster.
'■ Iiihlicar, i. e. of Inbhear Mor (Arklow).
The territory of the Inbhear (originally
the estuary merely) was the country of the
Ui Eincjich-ghlais, wiiich comprised the
present barony of Arklow, in the county of
Wiekhiw. Seepage J iX!, note '', *ny>ni.
208
Leabhap
pe luipeacha acup pe lonja,
/ p^ h-eich Donna, oeinmeca.
Seachc n-eich b'UilS Peilmea6a Pinoa,
pip Diana co neariinaiji,
coic cuipn cama la coic bpacaiB,
coic tnacail, cia meBpaiDi.
Ceo m-bo d'[U]iB Cenopealaij calma
c^ao n-each ap cuaich rpomai jcheap,
oeich lonj^a, oeich pp6n, oeich pai&le,
oeich (B)-pdil5i nach"- polaijcheap.
f Ui Feihneadha, i. e. the descendants of
Feilimidh, son of Eanna Ceinnsealach, king
of Laighin (Leinster) in the fourth centuiT.
There were two tribes of this name in
Leinster, the one called Ui Feilmeadha
Tuaidh, i. e. North Ui Feilmeadha, who
were seated in the present barony of "Rath-
villy," in the county of Carlow, and from
whom the present town of " Tullow," in
that barony, was anciently called Tulaigh
O'Feilmeadha, AngUcd Tullow-Offelimy —
See Keating's History of Ireland, in the
reign of Niall Naei-ghiallach. After the
establishment of surnames, the chief family
of this tribe took the surnames of O' h- On-
con, a name now unknown, and O'Gair-
bheth (Garvey). The other tribe was
called Ui Feilmeadha Teas or Deas, i. e.
South Ui Feilmeadha, and was seated in
the present barony of " Ballaghkeen" in
the east of the county of Wexford. After
the establishment of surnames the chief fa-
mily of this tribe took that of O'Murchadha,
Anglic&, formerly, " O'Murroughoe," now
"Murphy," and the family multiplied so'
mucli that this is now the most nume-
rous of all the ancient Irish tribes, not
only in their own territory, still called the
" Murrooghs" or " Murroes," but all over
Leinster and Mimster. See 0 h-Uidhrin's
topographical poem, and the Book of Lein-
ster, in the Library of Trinity College,
Dubhn, Hen. 11. 18, fol. 247. In the
year 1634, the head of the South Ui Feil-
meadha was Couall O'lMurchadha (son of
Kvt, son of Domhnall Mor, son of Art, son
of Tadhg). He died in this year, and was
buried at Castle Ellis. He had five sons,
of whom Tadhg was the eldest. There was
another respectable branch of this family
seated at QBall-j^opc liac (Oulart-
leigh) in the same district, who retained
their property till very recently.
s Ui Ceinnsealaigh The people so call-
ed were the descendants of Eanna Ceiim-
sealach, who was the fourth in descent
from Cathaeir, monarch of Ireland, and
king of Laighin or Leinster, about the
year 358. Their country originally com-
prised more than the present diocese of
" Femes," for we learn from the oldest
Lives of St. Patrick, that Domhnach Mor,
near Slcibhte (Sletty, Sleaty, &c.), in the
present county of Carlow, was in it. In
the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, quoted
by Ussher (^Primordia, page 8G3) it is
na 5-Ceapr.
209
Six coats of mail and six slaps,
Six beautiful, bay steeds.
Seven steeds to the fair Ui Feilmeadha'^,
Vehement men of venom.
Five curved drinking-horns with five cloaks,
Five matals, as it is remembered.
A hundred cows to the brave Ui Ceinnsealaigh^,
A hundred steeds by which power is added to the territory.
Ten ships, ten bridles, ten saddles''.
Ten rings which are not to be concealed.
called the larger and more powerfid part
of Leinster: " Ordiuavit S. Patricius de
gente Laginensium alium episcopum no-
mine Fj-aclia, virum religiobissimum : qui
jussione beatissimi Patricii gentem Ccan-
sc'lach ad fidem convertit et baptizavit."
The two cLons of Ui Feilmeadha above
referred to were of this race. After the
establishment of surnames the principal
family of this tribe took the surname of
iSIac Murchadha, Anglic^ "Mac Miir-
rough," which is now obsolete. The prin-
cipal family of the race took the name
of Mac Murchadha Cacmhanaigli, Afiglic^
" Mac ISIurrough Kavanagh," now always
shortened to " Kavanagh," without any pre-
fix. They descend from Domhnall Caemh-
anach, who, according to Giraldiis, and
the historical poem in Norman French on
the invasion of Ireland, tempore Henry II.,
and a pedigree of the Kavanaghs in a
MS. at Laml>eth Palace, was an illegitimate
.son of Diannaid, Dcrmitius Murchardidcs,
(Dermod), king of Leinster, the first that
brought the English into Ireland. From
Eanna, another illcgiliniatc son of this
king, the family of " Kiusellaghs," now so
numerous in Leinster, are descended. The
other femilies of the race were Mac Daibh-
idh Mor, Anglicd Mac Davy More, or Mac
Damore, seated in the barony of "Gorey,"
in the north-east of the county of Wex-
ford, who were descended from Murchadh
na n-Gaedhall, the brother of Diannaid na
n-Gall, and Mac Uadog, Anglicd "Mac
Vaddock," and now " JIaddock," who de-
scends from Uadog, the fourth in descent
from the sume ]\Iurchadh. The pedigrees
of these septs are given by Dubh. Mac
Firbisigh in his genealogical work (Lord
Pioden's copy), p. 473, and by Cucoicrigh
O'Clcrigli (Peregrine O'Clciy) in his gene-
alogical compilation, now preserved in the
Library of the Poyal Irish Academy, p. 82,
and also in a MS. in the Carew Collection
in the Librarj- at Lambeth Palace, No G35,
fol. 40, il, et seqiien.
'' Saddles, paDQil. — We have no means
of determining what kind of saddles these
were. The present Irish word for saddle is
DiallaiD, which seems cognate with the
Welsh word dilliad, apparel. Spenser as-
serts, in his " View of the State of Ireland,"
that the Irish rode without a stirrup. It
is said in the Jlistoire du Eoij d'Angle-
terre Ric/inrd, recently printed in the
I'
210
Leabhap
t)eich (b)-Fail5i appint) do pi Raileanb"*' -
i[p] f<e pij-eich pimijri,
pe macail apcae t>o'n cupaib,
pe mojaiD Do'n iTiilij pin^^.
Ochc (3)-clai6iTTi, ochc (5)-cuipn ppi corinol
6 pij Capman copDa5aij5*%
ochc n-eich cean each Oib a\\ Dpoc-polc,
DO pi Pocapc^*' Opn[aD]ai5.
twentieth volume of the Avchceologia, with
translation and notes, by the Rev. J. Webb,
tliat Mac Miirrough of Leinster w as mount-
ed upon a horse which cost four hundred
cows, but without a saddle.
' Raeilinn This was the name of a re-
markable fort on the hill of INIullach Eaei-
leann, Anglicd "Mullaghreelion," in the
county of Kildare, about five miles to the
south-east of Athy. This fort is called
Raeirend in the Leahbar Dinnscanchuis,
which places it in the coimtry of Ui Muir-
eadhaigh, called by Cambrensis " Omu-
rethi," which is still the name of a deanery
in the county of Kildare. By " Righ Eai-
leann," in the text, is certainly meant Righ
Ua Muireadhaigh, i. e. king of " Omu-
rethi," a territory comprising about the
southern half of the present county of Kil-
xlai-e, namely, the baronies of " Kilkea and
Moone," " Naragh and Rheban," and a
part of the barony of " Connell." It was
bounded on the north by the celebrated hill
of Aillin (Allen), see page 202, notei, supra;
on the north-v est by Ui Failghe, Anglice
"Ofl'aly," which it adjoined at the Cuir-
reach (Curragh) of Kildare, see page 216,
i;ote ■", infra ; and on the west by Laeighis,
Anylice " Leix," from which it was divided
by the River Bearbha, Anglice Barrow.
The deanery of "Omurethi," which preserves
the name of this territory, compiises the
follomng parishes, according to the Liber
Regalis Visitationis of 1 615, viz. : " Atliy,
Castlereban, Kilberry, Dollardstown, Ni-
cholastown,Tankardstown, Kilkea, Grange-
Rosnolvaji, Belin [Beitlilinn], Castlcder-
mott, Grange, Moone, Timoling, N^rragh-
more, Kilcullen, Usk." And the same
record adds : " Adjacent to the deanery of
Omurethie is the parish church of Dame-
noge [Dunamanogue] and the parish church
of Fontstown." From this the glaring error
of Ledwich (Antiquities, 2nd ed. p. 294),
appears, who states that the Omuretlii of
Giraldus was the country of the O'Moores.
Soon after the death of the celebrated
Saint Lorcan O'Tuathail, Anglici Laurence
O'Toole, the family of the Ui Tuathail
(O'Toolfs) were driven from this level and
fertile district by the great Baron Walter
de Riddlesford, or Gualterus de Ridenesfor -
dia, who, according to Giraldus (^Hibt^rnia
Expugnata, lib. ii. c. 21), had his castle
at " Tristerdermott," (now " Castlcder-
mot"), in the territory of " Omm-elhi."
Dr. Lanigan, in his Ecclesiastical History
of Ireland, vol. iv. p. 174, and Mr. Moore,
in his History of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 308,
and all subsequent writers, state that IMuir-
cheartach O'Tuathail, the father of St Lor-
can O'Tuathail (Laurence O'Toole), was
na 5-Ceapr.
211
Ten carved rings to the king of Raeilinn'
And six royal steeds, I reckon,
Six matals in the same way to the champion,
Six bondmen to that hero.
Eia;ht swords, eight horns for drinking-
From the king of defensive Carman,
Eight steeds of which not one has a bad mane.
To the king of Fothart OsnadhaighJ.
prince of '' Iniaile," but this is a great
mistake; for Ui Mail (Imaile), into which
the tribe of O'Tuathail migiatod, had been
before the EngUsh invasion the patrimo-
nial inheritance of the family of O'Tadhg,
Anglic^, formerly, O'Teige, now Tighe.
Equally erroneous is the statement in the
Life of " St. Laurence," published by Mcs-
singham in his Florilegium, that St. Lau-
rence's father was king of all Leinster ; for
we know from the best authorities, that,
thougii he was of the royal family of Lein-
ster, and next in superiority of that pro-
\-ince, he never became king of it.
J Fothart Osnadhaip/t, now the barony
of Fotharta, Anglice "Forth," in the county
of Carlow. The people called. Fotharta
were, according to the Irish genealogists,
the descendants of Eochadh Finn Fuathart
(the brother of the monarch Conn of the
Hundred Battles J who,_ being banished from
Midhe (Meath) by his nephew Art, mo-
narcli of Ireland, settled in Laighin (Lein-
ster) where Iiis descendants acquired con-
siderable territories, of whic"h the barony
of " Forth," in the county of Carlow, and
the l)etter known barony of the same name
in tiie county of Wexford, still preserve the
name. The former is called Fotharta O.sna-
dluiigh in the text, from Cill Osnadha, now
comi|itly " Kollisfown," one of its principtil
churches, but more frequently " Fotharta
Fea,"from the plain of Magh Fea, in which
this church is situate. See Book of Bailo an
Mhuta, fol. 77, b., and Keating's History
of Ireland, reign of Oilioll Molt, where it is
stated that Cill Osnadha is situate in the
plain of Slagh Fea, four (Irish) miles to
the east of Leith-ghlimi (Leighhn), in the
county of Carlow. After the establishment
of sxu-names the chief family of Fotharta
Fea, or Fotharta Osnadhaigii, took the sur-
name of O'Xuallain, Anglicf, formerly,
O'Nolan, now Nowlan, and from him this
barony has been not unusually called "Forth
O'Nolan." See the publisliod Inquisitions,
Lagenia, 14, Ki Car. I. Grace's Annals of
^Ireland, edited by the Rev. Richard Butler,
p. 99, et passim. O'Flaherty states in his
Ogyg'm, part iii. c. G4, that the posterifj-
ofEochaidh Finn Fothart were chiefs of
this territory till the death of O'Nuallan,
the last proprietor, who died a short time
before he wa.s writing. The chief family
of the Fotharta, in the county of Wexford,
commonly called Fothart an Chairn (Cariv
.sore point), took the name of O'Lorcain,
Anglicd " Larkin," Ijiit they were dispos-
sessed shortly after tlio English inva.sion.
The family is, however, still numerous in
Leinster. See further as to these districts,
page 221, note ?, infrii.
v2
212
Leabha]!
Ochc n-eich D'[U]ib t)p6na a CinD ^abpu*'
a jlaic pi j CO pa polao,
ochc (5)-com pe cop uip ap moijili'*'',
ochc (5)-claiDirTi pe cachiijub***.
Ochc n-eich b'[U]ib 6aippchi np a m-beo6achc,
ba beaj o'p'P " [nj-eanjnariia,
ochc (5)-cuipn, ochc mna, nipop tnujaij,
ip ochc mojaiD mean^ mapa^
■,90
Ochc n-eich o'Llib 611161 na m-bpiachap,
bopba, bluichi, bip-cheanoa,
•* Ui Drona, i. e. nepotes Dronai. —
These descend from Drona, the fourth in
descent from Cathaeir jMor. Tliey posses-
sed the entire of the present barony of
" Idrone," in the county of Carlow, and
that part of the diocese of " Kildare and
Leighlin," lying on the west side of the
River Barrow, near the town of " Graigue-
namanagh." The church of Erard or Urard,
now called "Ullard," on the west side of
the r>arrow, was in it. See the Irish Ca-
lendar of the O'Clerighs, at 2nd May, 18th
August, lltli October, and 8th November;
and the FeiUre Aenglmis, at 8tli Febniary,
29th May, 18th August, 5th September,
11th and 12th October, and 8th November.
After the establishment of surnames the
chief family of this tribe took the surname
of O'lliain, Anglice "Ryan," and retained
considerable property in this barony, till
the Revolution in 1688, as appears from
tiie published Inquisitions, Lar/cnia, 9, 40
Car. I. They are still very nimierous in
this territory, and throughout Leinster, but
they are to be distinguished from the.family
of O'Maeilriain (O'Mulrians or Ryans), of
Tipperary, who are of a dill'erent race,
tho\igh of Leinster too. See a curious ac-
count of this family in Ryan's History of
the County of Carlow, Appeiidix.
' Ceann Gabhrti, i. e. head of the horse.
This name, whidi was evidcntlj' that of
some remarkable Iiill in " Idrone," is un-
]{no-\\Ti to the Editor.
■" Ui Bairiche This tribe descended
from Daire Barrach, the second son of the
monarch Cathaeir Mor, and possessed the
barony of " Shevemargy," in the Queen's
Coimty, and other tracts in that neigh-
bourhood. They were seated between the
Ui Drona and Ui Muireadhaigh ; and the
churches of IMughna h-Ealchainn (Bal-
laghmoon), and Glcann Uissen (Killu-
shin), near the town of Carlow, were in it.
See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum, pp. 417,
418; and F^iUre Aenghnis, at 27 th Fe-
bruary, 4th April, 8th July, 20th October ;
and the Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs,
at 8th July. O h-Uidhrin places them on
the west side of tlie River Barrow. D. Mac
Firbisigh, in his pedigree of the Ui Bairrche
(Marquis of Drogheda's copy), p. 397,
states that the district extending from Ath
Truistean, a ford on the river " Greece,"
near the hill of MullacliMaistean (Mullagh-
mast) six miles to the east of Athy, in the
I
na j-Ceapc.
213
Eitiht 8teeds to the Ui Drona"' of Ceanii Gablua'
From the hand of the king with good profit,
Eight liounds for making slaughter on the phxins,
Eight swords for battling.
Eight steeds to the Ui Bairrche™ for their vigor,
'Twas but small for a man of his (their chieftain's) prowess.
Eight drinking-horns, eight women, not slaves,
And eight bondmen, brave [and] large.
Eiirht steeds to the Ui Buidlie" of words.
Fierce, beautiful, fine-headed,
county of Kildare, to the ford at Cill Corb-
natan, belonged to this sept, and that there
-were families of tlie race seated at Cluain
Conaire (Cloncurry), Ceall Ausaille (Kil-
lossy), in the county of Kildare ; and three
faniiUes at Cill (" Kill," near Naas), namely,
O'Laidhghein, O'Caise, and O'Duibhcliil-
line ; and one family, namely O'Malhaidh,
in the territory of U i Eineach-glilais Muiglie.
After the establishment of surnames the
chief family took the name of" O'Gorman,"
or " Mac Gorman ;" but they were driven
out of their original teiTitorj', shortly after
the English invajiion, by the Baron Walter
de Riddle.sford, who bucamc master of all
tlic tcrritoiy about ( 'arlow. After tliis pc-
riotl they disappear from tiic Irish Annals
for some centuries ; but a curious account of
their dispersion and settlement in Jlunster
is given by Maeiliu ()g Jlac Bruaidcadlia
(Mac Brody), who became chief poet of
Ui Breacain and Ui Feannaic in 1563, in a
poem on their genealogy, in which he slates
tliat tliey possessed the territories of I'rioeh
f) m-Bairrche and Criocii (> m-Buidlic in
Ix-inster, but, Inking driven from thence by
the i'.nglish, a parly of them proieeded into
Ulster and another into U;iillmr rrtwnry,
in Tipperary), where they settled at a place
called Doire Seinliath, where they became
very numerous. In process of time, how-
ever, tliey removed from this territory and
settled under O'Briain (O'Brien) in Ui
Breacain (Ibrickari), in the west of Tuath
Mhuiiiha(.Tliomond), wlicre the poet states
llicy liad Ijeeii supjiorting poets and feeding
the poor for the last four hundred years.
See O'Keilly's Irish Writers, p. llil. The
name of tliis family is always written Mac
(iormain in the Irisli annals, and on all
tlie old tombstones of the family in the
ccnmty of Clare; but the late Chevalier
Thomas O'Gorman, the compiler of the
[ledigree of Count O'Keilly, changed tlie
prefix, because he found it O'Gormain in
some poems, and all the higher branches of
tiie family have adopted tlie same change.
This family is to be ilislinguished from
the " O'Gormans" of " Clonmacnoise,"
who took the surname of Mac Cuiim na
m-Bochl.
" I'i liiiiil/te The territory of liiis lril>e
is called Criocli O'Mulglic [which is intend-
ed forCriochUam-Buidhe] by Oh-Uidhrin
in liis topographical poem, in wiiieh it is
de.-cribcd as on the west sid(' of ilic River
214
Leahap
>
DlijiD o paino 6 pij ^aibli
cpl pdilji, cpl pichchiUa.
Ochc n-eich c>lireap laech pf ^cii[5]pi
ochc (5)-coin polrha, puileacha,
Bearbha (Barrow), -which divides it from
Ui JIuireadhaigh. This helps us to fix its
position ; for we learn from the Life of St.
" Abban" published by Colgan (^cta Sanc-
torum, xiii. p. 617, c. 25), that " Ceall
AJjbain" is in the territory of " HuamitUie,"
who, Colgan says in note 30, page G23, is
" Huamudhe" hi Codice Salmanticensi :
"I'ost hasc Sanctus Abbanvis cum suis
clericis fines Laginensium mtravit, et venit
in plcbem Iluathmarchy [Ilua barclii in
Cod. Sal.] et ipsa plebs lionorifice recepit
omn, et valde gavisa est in ejus adventu.
Et vir sanctus benedixit earn diligenter,
et multis diversis lauguoribis ibi sanatis,
et miraculis perpetratis, inde recessit in
plebem Huamidhi [Huamudl in Cod. Sal.],
ibique magnum monasterium construxit ;
ct propter honorem ejus in eodem loco civi-
tas aedificata est ; et monasterium et civitas
imo nomine Scotice vocantur Ceall Abbain,
(juod interpretatur Latine Cclla Abbani."
Tlie annotator of the Feilire Acnghuis,
at 27th October, and the O'Clerighs, in
tlieir Irish Calendar, at IGth March, place
Cill Abbain in Ui Muireadhaigh ; but this
is evidently a mistake for Ui Muighe, for
we learn from O h-Uidhrin that the ter-
ritories of Crioch O'Mulghe and Crioch
0 m-Barrtha were on the Avest side of the
Bearbha, and Ui Muireadliaigh on the east
side of the same river, wliich formed the
biiuudary between tlicni; and the old chinrli
and parish of " Killabban," are on the west
side of the river, in the barony of " Bally-
adams" and (Juccn's County. From llie
situation of Killabban and of Tullamoy
[Culac Uam-6uiDe], and the old
church near "Timahoe," in tlie same
county, it is quite evident that the temtory
of Crioch O'm-Buidlie, or O'Muighe, is
included in the present barony of Bally-
adams. After the establishment of sur-
names the chief fVimily of this territory
took the surname of O'Caelluidhe (now
" Kealy" and " Kelly"), but this name is
to be distingui^shed from O'Ceallaigh, of
which 'name there were two respectable
families seated in the adjoining territories
of Gailine and Magli Druchtain,
" Tlie king of Gab/ial, i. e. the king
of the province of Laighin or Leinster
This is still the name of a river which
flowed through a wood called Fidh Gaibhle
(Feegile or Figila), in the parish of Cloon-
sast, barony of " Coolestown," King's Co.
See the Ordnance map of the King's County,
sheets 11), 27, 28. In the Book of Leinster,
T. C. D., XL 2, 18, fol. 11 2, a., is quoted a
poem of St. Bearchan, the patron saint of
" Cloonsast," who states that the wood de-
rived its name from the River Gabhal, and
that the river is called Gabhal from the
(/ab/ial, fork, which it forms at the junction
of Cluaiu Sasta and Cluaiii J\Ior. The river
is now called Fidh Gaibhle, though tlio
wood has disappeared.
I' Lacighis — A tribe giving name to a
territory in the Queen's county, descended
from Laeighscach Ceaim-mlior, the son of
Conall Ccarnaeh, cliief of the heroes of tlie
Craebh liuadh, or Ked Branch, in Ulster in
TiQ 5-Cea]ir.
215
Entitled are tlicy to a dividend I'rum the king of Gabhal°,
To three rings, three chess-boards.
Eight steeds are due to the lieroic king of Laeighis'',
Eight fleet, quick-eyed hounds.
tlie tifst century. Lughaidh Lacigliseauh,
the son of Laeighseach Ceanu-nilior, ob-
tained this territory from the king of
I^ighin (Leinster), in the reign of the mo-
narch Feitllimidh Keachtmhar, for the as-
sistance which he alToidcd in expelling the
men of JIunster, who had seized upon Os-
raidhe and all the province as far as the
ford of Ath Truistean, near the hill of Mul-
lach Maistean (Mullaglunast). Sue Trans-
lation of the Annals of " Clonniacnoise,"
by Conuell Mageoghegan, and Kcatuig's
History of Ireland, reign of Feidhiimidh
R'-achtmliar. This territory originally
comprised the present baronies of " E.ist
and West Marj- borough," " Stradbally,"
and " Cullenagh," in the Queen's County.
The churclicj of Disert mic Cuillinn, Cluain
Eidlnit-ach, Cill Faelain, Jlcnedroichet Ea-
nach Truim (now Annatrim, in Upper
Ossory),jCluain Fota, and Bochluain, were
in it. See tlie Irish Calendar of tlie
O'Clerighs at 2nd .laiuiary, ITtii Februarj-,
1 6th Septemlx-r, 3rd and 29lh November;
and the Feilire Acnyhuig, at 2nd and
20th .lanuary, 21st FeJ)ruary, 3rd Marcli,
•IthAiirii, 11(1), 12th, and 20th .June, 23rd
August, ICtiiScpt., Oth and 13th October,
3rd, 13lh, and 20th November. And on
the increasing power of the trit)e they at-
taciicd tlie territories ofUrioeli 0 m-Huidhc
and Crioch () m-Hairrthe, or the baronies
f>f " Ballyatlams," and " Slievemargy," so
that mixlern Irish antiquaries have consi-
diri-d Eaeighis ("Leix'"«r " Lesia') its co-
extensive with the Queen's County. See
Usslier's Prlmordia, pp. 818, 943. This,
however, is a great error, for the baronies
of " Portnahinch," and " Tinnahinch," in
that county, were a part of Ui Failghe
(Oflaly), before the reign of Pliilip and
Jlarj". The barony of " Upper Ossor}',"
except a small portion at Annatrim, near
Mountrath, belonged to the ancient king-
dom of Osraidhe (Ossorj-), and the baronies
of " Ballyadams" and " Slieveniai'gy" were
not originally a part of Laeighis, but be-
longed to families of the race of tlie Lein-
ster Irish monarch Cathaeir Mor. Dr.
O'Conor mistakes the situation of this ter-
ritory altogether. See Aiinales Tighemuchi,
p. 0(j, where he writes: " Lagisia sita erat
ad occidentalem LitBei margineni, eratipie
posterioribus steculis regio fainili;e nobilis
0"More." After the establishment of sur-
names the chief family of Laeighis took
the surname of O'jMordha (now called
O'Morc, Jloore, &c.) from Mordha {Ma-
jesticus), the twenty-fifth in descent from
Conall Cearnach, and this name is now
very numerous in Leinster. Garrett Moore,
Esq., of Cloghan Ciistle, in the Khig's
County, is supposed to be of this race, l)ut
no evidence has been yet discovered to
inove his pedigree beyond the year IGll,
or to siiow that he is of tlie Irish race.
James (J'Moiv, of Ballina, in the county of
Kildare, wiio was tiic contemporary and
correspondiUt of Charles O'Conor of l!ela-
nagare, was liie last head of this family.
lie w;ls tln' lineal descendant of Kudhraidlie
O'Morelha (Hory or Uoger tl'.More), of
216 Leabhap
ocl>c pceich im-a y^cailib penna,
ochc leanba, occ luipeaca.
Se h-eich D'[Ll]ib Cpimchanoan cinbio,
yi Donii i n-a n-oeaj porhal%
pe cuipn, ip bein 'n-a n-jlacaib^^,
pe macail, cean meapujao.
t)eich n-eich, oeich (5)-cuipn ip oeich (5)-claiDim,
deich (B)-p6il5i, cean meapujao
DO pi h-Ua pailgi mac Caraip
« cean cachaip, — ip Geaj polao.
lac pin ruapipcla pij Caijean
a IdiTTi jloin map jlan ropao^
6 ctipo-pij ^aibli acup ^abpan,
ip corhlctn in ceapcujab •. • • • C6QTQC
t)0 CnlSQ16 ocup DO biaraib ^aijean anD po :
164^1, and died without male issue towards
the dose of the last century. The present
Richard More OTerrall, M. V., is his re-
presentative in the female line. See Me-
moirs of the Life and Writings of Charles
O'Conor of Belanagare, pp. 165-1G8.
t Vi Criomhthatinan This territory,
which was a part of Laeighis, is included
in the present barony of " East Marj'oo-
rough," for we learn from O'h-Uidhrin's
topographical poem, and from the pedigrees
of the seven septs of Laeighis, given in the
Books of Leacan and Baile an Mhuta, and
in the genealogical compilation by Dubh-
altach Mac Firbisigh (Marquis of Droghe-
da's cop3', p. 221), that it extended around
the fortress of Dunmasc (Dunamase). Ac-
cording to the Feilire Ae»f/hiiis, and tlie
Irish Calendar of the O'Clerighs, at 12lh
Februaiy, the church of Teach Daimhain
(Tidowan), was m this territory. After
the establishment of surnames the chief fa-
mily of this tenitory took the surname of
O'Duibh, which is probably that now an-
glicized to " Deevy" and " Devoy," which
are still common in the district.
■■ 2'Ae khiff of the race of Failghe^ son of
Cathaeir, j. e. the king of the Ui Failghe,
or descendants of Ros Failghe, the eldest
son of Cathaeir Mor. See page 193, note ^,
suprct. Tlie country of their tribe was very
extensive before the English invasion, for
we have the clearest evidence to prove that
it comprised the present baronies of " East
and West Ophaly," in the county of Kil-
dare ; those of " Portnahinch'' and " Tin-
nahiuch," iu the Queen's County ; and that
portion of the King's County, comprised
in the diocese of " Kildare and Leighlin."
Sec Battle of Magh Kath, p. 243. The
churches of Cill Achaidh Droma Foda, or
Cill Achaidh Sinchill, Chiain Mor, Chiain
na 5-Ceapc.
217
Eight shields against which spears are shivered,
Eight tunics, eight coats of mail.
Six steeds to the Ui Criomhthannan'' are ordained,
Six oxen in good condition,
Six drinking-horns to hold in their hands.
Six matals, without mistake.
Ten steeds, ten drinking-horns and ten swords,
Ten rings, Avithout mistake,
To the king of the race of Failghe, son of Cathaeir'',
Without reproach, — it is good profit.
These are the stipends of the king of Laighin (Leiuster),
From a pui-e hand as pure profit.
From the supreme king of Gabhal and Gabhran^,
Very perfect is the adjustment THE lUGHT.
OF THE TRIBUTES and refections of Laighin here:
1-V;uta Miighainc, Cuil Beannchair (Cool-
banagher), Cluain Sosta (Cloonsost), and
Cluain-imorrois, were in this territory. See
tlie Iri.-h Calendarof the O'Cloriglis, at 16th
.January, 8rd September, and Gtli and 20th
October; and the Feilire Aenghuis,At 29th
and 31st March, 25th April, 25th June,
3rd Sejiteniber, Gth and 20th October, and
4th December.
After the establishment of surnames the
chief family of this great tribe took the sur-
name of O'Concliobhair, yhu/liru O'Conor,
from Conthiibliar, tlie iiincteentli in de.scent
from Cathaeir Mor, and remained in great
jiiiwcr in the territory till tlie reign (♦Phi-
lip .•mil .Mary, when tliev were cli.s|i()s.sessed,
iit'tcr •wliich period O'Diomasaigli, Anijlkt
( >'I)empsey, l^ecamc tlie great family of th(!
race, and remained in posscsf-ion of a eon-
sidcralilf part of I'i Failghe till the IJevolu-
ti(in in Hi.>^H. Slmrlly after the Engli.^h
invasion the Fitzgeralds of Kildare wrested
from O'Concliobhair Failglie (O'Conor
Faly), and his con-elativcs, that portion of
his original territorj- of Ui Failghe which
is conii)rised in the present county of Kil-
dare. There were then two " OflTalys,"
formed out of the ancient Ui Failghe,
namely, the " Engli^li Ophaley," in the
county of Kildare, giving the title of Baron
to a branch of the Fitzgeralds, and the Irish
Ui Failghe, extending into the present
King's and (Queen's counties, and giving tlio
Irish title of Riyh i'u bli-L'tdlyhc, or king
of Ui Failghe (Offaly), to O'Concliobhair
F.ailghe (O'Conor Faly), the senior repre-
sentative of Uos Failghe, the eldest son of
Cathaeir Mor, monarch of Ireland in the
second century.
' Kin(i of (iahhal iiml (•nblinm, i. e.
king of lA'in>tei'. (rulihal and (iabhraii
being two riinarkable places in Ix'insler,
218 Ceabhap
Seachc (5)-ceac bpac 6 ^(h)aUaiB ann po ch^abup, do rhup na
cana pin, acup^^ peachc (5)-ceac cinDi acup peachc [(5)-ceac] rope
acup peachc (5)-ceyc mole acup peuchc (■^)-c6ar oarii, [peace
(5)-ceaD bo], 6 3(h)allaib ano pin.
t)a cheo luljach acup ceac cope acup ceao bpac 6 Popchua-
chaib ^aijean,
"VJi icaiD pil Piachaeh, no pil Ropa Pailji, ache biachao aiochi
Do pij ^aijean, ma cheip a n-Duil ppj ^allaib paip, no ppi (h)-UiB
Weill p6 chuaiD, no ppi mumam p6 oeap. Ceb mapc, imoppo,
acup ceao bo acup Ceao cope acup ceao cjnbi 6 baep pinib a
(b)-peapann.
t)a clieb bo acup pechc (5)-ceo mole acup peache (5)-ceaD'-'* mapc
ucup ba ceb bpac acup oa cheo barn 6 na peace (b)-Poehapeaib.
Seachc (5)-ceac bo, [peace (^)-c6ao cope] acup peace (5)-ceao
mole acup peachc (5)-ceab mapc 6 na peace ^aijpib Caigin mo
pm.
t)a clieo mapc acup ba chec bo acup bd ceac bpac oo Oppaibib
[6 Oppaibib, 6 peapaib ^aijean, B.] mb pin,
'HeniiiD acup upao acup unach acup poleao, imoppo, 6 chocap-
caib nu jpdo peini* acu h-iplearh leo. Copcaip [imoppo] acup puu
acup pnach oeapj acup jlap acup olanb pinb acup blaan acup bino-
ean 6'n luche aed peapp do chocapeaib. llld ppepaic; no md
cheachcaib ino pin od chuibeip popchu^^ Cach cpeap bliaoan bm
iccap na cipa pin anuap, ceanmocha mop-chip pij ©peann uc puppa
bipcimup. ConiD ooib-pin po can in pui [buaba] i, 6enen:
COISUl^, a 6aij5niu na laech,
pip in^* peanchap nach plp'-'^ buech,
"v a n-blijeano'"" oo chip chalma
pi Cualann ip coriilabpa'"'.
Seachc (5)-ceae cinoi, pechc (5)-ceaD cope,
pechc (5)-ceaD oarh, peachc (5)-eeab n-oedj rholc,
arc lull' liy bardic license put fnv il\c whole 17, note •*, snjiru.
province. .See pngo 211, nule ". and page ' Kiiiff of Cualann, I e. df Leinster.
na g-Ceapr. 219
Seven hundred cloaks from the Galls here imprimis, as a beginning
of that tribute, and seven hundred tinnes and seven hundred hogs and
seven hundred wethers and seven hundred oxen, seven hundred cows
from the Galls too.
Two hundred milch cows and a hundred hogs and a hundred cloaks
from Forthuatha Laighean.
The race of Fiacha, or the race of Ros Failghe, do not pay aught
except a night's refection to the king of Laighin (Leinster), if he
should go to a meeting eastwards to the Galls, or northwards to
the Ui Neill, or to Munster southwards. But a hundred beeves and a
hundred cows and a hundred hogs and a hundred tinnes are rendered
by the unfree tribes of their lands.
Two hundred coavs and seven hundred Avetliers and seven hundred
beeves and two hundred cloaks and two hundred oxen from the seven
Fotharta.
Seven hundred cows, seven hundred hogs and seven hundred
wethers and seven hundred beeves from the seven Laeighse of Laighin.
Two hundred beeves and two hundred cows and two hundred cloaks
Irom the Osraidhe.
Wood and renewing (uradh) and washing and cleansing, moreover,
are due of the cocarts of the inferior grades among them. [To supply]
purple and ruu and red and grey thread and white wool and blaan and
Miuk-an is due of the best of the cocarts. If they render this [it is
well] ; or if they neglect to do so a double proportion [is to be levied]
upon them. Every third year the above tributes are paid, except the
"•reat tribute of the king of Eire as we have said above. And it was
of these the gifted sage Benean sang:
IIEAKKEN, O Laighnc of heroes,
To the history that is not ever foolish,
What noble tribute is due
Tu the king of Cualann' is to be mentioned.
Seven hundred tinnes, seven huntlred hogs.
Seven hundred oxen, eevi-n hundred good wethers,
Ciialann lieint; a part put for tin- wlmlr tilication of tlic l-Cara ("ualaiin, [•at,''' '•'
proviutc liy iioctic license. Sec the iilen- note '',»«/>/ fi.
220 CeabTiaji
peachc (5)-cear bpar if pecc ceao b6'«'
6 chuachuib ^all a n-aen 16.
t)a ce<ib bo BpacaiB, n't bp^j,
ceab DO chopcaib, rpom in cpeab"",
acup Da ceac luljacli luach
6 poipb piniB na (b)-Popchuach.
Ml oleajap cfp — comoll n-jloin'os
6 Uib cpooa'o^ Cenopealaij;
pop a (b)-poipb'o'' pimb, nach pan&,
chaichio in'"^ peap p-a' pepano.
Curhal acup cfp ip cam
ni icaiD h-Ui pa'^' '" Q'j
DO pi Caijean, ma h-uap peachc,
ache cuiD aiDchi ap aiDijeachc"'^
Ceb mapc 6 each chuaich nach Dib,
la ceab m-bo, beapap Do'n pij,
ceac cope acup ceac cinoi
6'°^ Dorhaib na Daep-pine.
O na Pocha]icaib uili
oleajap od cheo bo buiDi
acup Da cheo bpac cana"",
od cheo n-japj'" oarii n-jabdla.
t)d c6ab mapc, ip mop in plichc,
od ceac bpac ip bd ceac bo blicc"^,
" The territories of the Gulls — These tory of " Fingall," extending ubout fifteen
were the possessions of the Norse or Danish miles north of Dublin.
tribes, in the vicinity of Dublin. The ex- " Forthuatha See page 207, note ■',
tent of their possessions is very Tuicertain, supra.
and may have varied from time to time, "^ UiCeiniisealaiffh See page 208, n. '^,
but it is generally believed that the Lein- supra.
6ler Danes possessed Dublin and the terri- ' Ui Tuilghe Seepage 21 fi, note "■
Tia 5-Cea|ir. 221
Seven hundred cloaks and seven hundred cows
From the territories of the Galls" in one day.
Two hundred cloaks, no falsehood,
A hundred hogs, heavy the herd,
And two hundred lively milch-cows
From the land of the tribes of the Forthuatha\
No tribute is due — a fair compact,
From the brave Ui Ceinnsealaigh"';
Upon their own tribe-lands, which are not poor.
They spend the grass and the land.
Cumhal or rent or tribute
The valiant Ui FaUghe" do not pay
To the king of Laighin, but, if in time of expedition,
A night's refection on visiting.
A hundred beeves from each district [which is] not of them,
With a hundred cows, are given to the king,
A hundred hogs and a hundred tinnes (salted pigs)
From the hosts of the unfree tribes.
From all the Fotharta'' '
Are due two hundred goodly cows
And two hundred cloaks of tribute, ,
Two hundred rough oxen of the yoke.
Two hundred beeves, great the progeny.
Two hixndred cloaks and two hundred milch-cows,
suprii. Bri Eile (Croglian), in the north-cast of
y All the Fothurtu — See page 211, nJ, the King's County; and Fothart Oirtliir
supra. Hesidcs the baronies of " Forth," Life, in the now county of Wicklow ; but
one in the county Carlow, and the other in these sank under other tribes at an early
the county Wexford, tliero wore other tor- period, and the probaljility is, that tlie Fo-
ritories of tlie name in Ix'inster, as Fothart tharta of Curlow and Wuxford arc the
Airbreach, around the hill of Cruachan peoijle referred to in the text.
222 Ceabliap
Dci cheo molr, mairh in chaBaip,
6 na CaijniB tDeap-jabaip.
Seachc (■^)-cear bo al-6ai^pib Uicicha,
peachr (5)-ceac rope cap na cuacha
peace (5)-ceac mapc a"^ ^Tlttj Caijean
peachc (5)-ceac mole cap mop jameam,
Qc pm cip'" a cuach 'n-a rpeib,
DO pij Caijean 6 ^aijnib.
ni ba pat nach"* plomopea in cenpc;
ip coip DO each a cloipceachc"^ ' C.
HQ"^ SaeR-ChlSa, pbchc aD cuap,
ice po pdiD-peam anuap,
6 paep-clanDaib dIi jic'*^ pin,
biD pop peapanD a n-eehcaip.
Ha oaep-clanoa, — Dich naeh ceap"^,
biD pop'*° a peapannn Dileap;
Daep-chip uaiDib, ipe a pip,
DO bpeich CO Dumib'*' aipo-pij.
Ip h-e cip oleajap Dib pin
DO chonoao ip Do nemeao"'*:
upaD a bpac, buan an mo6,
cip D'unao acup D'polcao'^^
tDleajap Do'n luce ip peapp oib
puu'^^ ip copcaip CO eain'^i ^P'5
^ Laighnc Deas-ghahhair. — See page the O'Clerighs, at 18th '^laj, where it is
194, note K, svr^ru. ~ stated that the church of Claenadh (Clanc)
^ Laeighse — See page 214, n. P, S7//Jra. in the county of Kildare, is situate "j
See Annals of Ulster, A. D. 792. 71- Uihh Faelain a Muigh Laighen" in Ui
b Magh I.aigJtean, i. e. campus Lagenitr, Faelain in Magh Laighean. See also the
the plain of Leinster. This is another name former at 3rd Maj-, note on Conlaedh, Bi-
for the territory of the Ui Faelain. See the shop of Kildare, at 3rd May ; and Annals
Feiliie Aenghvis, and the Irish Calendar of of the FourMastei-s at thej'ears 998, 1091,
na ^-Ceapc.
22:^
Two liundred wethers, good the assistance,
From the Laighne'' Deas-ghabhair.
Seven hundred cows from the quick Laeighse'^,
Seven hundred hogs over the districts,
Seven hundred beeves from Magh Laighean'*,
Seven hundred wethers over the great sand.
Such is the tribute [paid] from the country of his tribes,
To the king of Laighin by the Laighne (Leinstermen),
He is not truly learned who will not name the right ;
It is right for all to hear it HEARKEN.
THE FREE TRIBUTES, as I have heard,
Are they which we have above mentioned.
Of the noble tribes these are due.
Who are upon lands external [to the mensal lands].
The unfroe tribes'^, — a condition not oppressive,
That are on his [the king's] own lands;
Servile rent by them, it is the truth,
Is to be supplied to the palaces of the chief king.
The tribute which is due of these
[Is] of fire-bote and wood;
[Also] the renewing of his cloaks, constant the practice,
A tribute in washing and in cleansing.
There is due of the best party of them
Ruu and purple of fine strength,
iiiul 1171. For the extent of the country
of the Ui Faehiin, for which Magh Liiighean
is here substituted as an alias name, see
page If).'), note ", .v^/jn).
•^ I in free, tribes The unfree trilie.s or
(laer-chlanna of Ijcinstcr are not mentioned
by Ihi'ir surnames; but the pooi)li' callid
Forthuatha Laighean, wlio were nut all
slaves, bore various surnames, Avhich are
given at full length in the Books of Loacau
and Baile an Mhuta. 'D. Mac Firbisigh
traces the pedigree of their king, Domhnall
I 'a or Mac Fearghail, to iSfcsincorh, son of
Cucorl), king of Lcinster, in twenty-seven
generations. This is the Domlnvill Mac
I'eargliail, Rigli Forthuatha Laighean, who
was slain in the battle of Cluain Tarbh
((.'lontarf).
224
Leabhaji
\S
fnach oeapj, olano pint), nl chel,
blaan buioi acup bmoean.
Na oaep-clanoa cean oeilB'^^ n-oU
ceichiD pe cip 6 peapanb'^^
a 66 chuiBeip oleajap Dib
na cucpao 6 n-uchap chip.
V Mocho pli^eano cuaipb co ceano'^^
6 pij choicio na h-Gipinb
pill nach piapapa pin
a chtpa 'p-a chuapipcail"^.
DleajaiD caeca ip cuaipc ip cpoD
6 gach pij ap a piachc pon"°
pilij nop"' pinopa co peib
cuapipcol ipctp;— coipcij"^^ . COISCI^ Q CQjg.
fiBNGN [bno] do"' cacain onn po do peancup ^all Qcha
Cliach.
aca suNt) seawchas, puoipc, peanj,
ip maich le peapaib Gipino
. p chap Qca Cliach, ni chel,
amail po pacaib 6enen.
Dia (D)-cainic chuaio a UeariipaiD
h-ua 'Deochain in oeij cheajlaij
b'Qppcal 6peacan acup ftpeaj
nfp chpeic ^aejaipi lanriieap.
6ui6 Deipil 6anba buiDi
h-ua tDeochain, in oeaj ouine,
^ The descendant of the Deacon, i. e. St.
Patrick, rccfe son of the deacon. In the
Confessio it is said : " Patrem liabui Calpor-
nium diaconum, fihum quondam Potiti
presbyteri."
4
" Breagh — A part of East IMeath com-
prising five cantreds or baronies. Seep. 11,
note ', supra.
f Laeghaire. — According to Tireachan's
Annotations on the Life of St. Patrick, the
Via 5-Cea|ir. ' 225
Red thread, white wool, I will not conceal it,
Yellow blaan and binnean.
From the nnfree tribes of ignoble countenance,
Who fly with the rent from the land,
Twice as much is due
As they had carried off from their fatherland.
Kot entitled to formal visitation
From a provincial king of Eire
Is the poet who knows not these
His tribxites and his stipends.
Entitled to esteem, to visitation and wealth,
From every king to whom he goeth,
Is the poet who knows well
The stipend and tribute; hear ye HEAKKEN.
Benean sang this concerning the history of the Galls (foreigners)
of Ath Cliath (Dublin):
THERE IS HERE A HISTORY pleasant [and] smooth,
Which is agreeable to the men of Eire ;
The profits of Ath Cliath (Dublin) I will not conceal,
As Benean has fixed them.
•
When northwards to Teamhair (Tara) came
The descendant (son) of the Deacon** of the goodly household.
In the apostle of Britain and of Breagh*
The vigorous Lacghaire*^ did not believe.
Passed, right-hand-wise, by fertile Banbha (Ireland)
The descendant (son) of the Deacon, the good man,
monarch I.ACghairc never believed iu Chris- focdus pepigit ut uon occideretur in regno
lianity, l>ut he permitted Patrick to preach illius ; sed non potuit credere, dicens,
the Gosptil. The passuge is as follows: ' Nam Neel pater meus non sinivit mihi
" Pcrrexit ad civitatf-m I'emro, ad Loiga- ciedero, sed ut sepdiar in cacuminihus
rium, filium Ncill, itcium quia apud ilium Tcmro quaHi viris con^itituntibuii in bollo :
226 Leabliap
CO (c>)-copach"^ Dun na n-^all n-jlctn
oo chobaip clano mac ITIileab.
Ip h-6 pa'^*" pi j a n-Qrh Cliacb cpuai6,
Dia (D)-cainic paopaic a cuaio,
Qilpin mac Goilachai j'^''
DO cloino tDomnaiU t)iib-6arhaij.
Qn la camic co h-Qrh Cliach
pdopaic ITIacha na mop [p]iach"*,
ip ano pop puc bap bajach
aen mac Qilpin imnapach.
Qonaoap co h-ua n-t!)eochain"^
aen mac pij ^all, jaipj Gochaio,
quia utuntur gentiles in sepulchris armati
prumptis armis facie ad faciam usque ad
diem Erdathe apud Magos, i. e. judicii diem
Domini." — Book of Armagh, fol. 10, a. 2.
t' Fort of the foreigners. — Tliis is in-
tended to denote Dun Duibh-linne, the fort
of the black pool (Dublin).
'• Ailpin, the so?i of Eolathach, of the
race of Domhnall Dubh-dhamhach. — No-
thing has been discovered in the authentic
Irish Annals to show that there was ever
such a king at Dublin. The names here
mentioned are not Norse ones, and it seems
quite certain that the Northmen neA^er at-
tempted to make any settlement in Ireland
before the reign of Donnchadli, son of
Domhnall, A. D. 794 (795), when, ac-
cording to the Annals of Ulster, they made
the first deso-nt on the island of Reach-
rainn, off the north-east coast of Ireland
We learn from Irish history that Tuathal
Teachtmhar, monarch of Ireland in the se-
cond centurj', married tlie daughter of Seal
Balbh, king of Finland, and that Una,
Danish princess, was the mother of Conn
of the Himdred Battles. See O'Flaherty's
Ogygia, part iii. cc. 56, 60, but no refa--
ence is made to a Norwegian colony being-
settled in Ireland in any other authority
except this and Jocelin's Life of St. Pa-
trick. No authority has been found in either
the Scandinavian or Irish histories, annals,
or sagas to suggest that they had any set-
tlement on this part of the coast in or near
Dublin before the year 836, when thej' en-
tered the Boinn (Boyne) with a fleet of
sixty sail, and the Life (Liffe}') with ano-
ther fleet of sixty sail, and plundered the
plains of Magh Breagh and Magh Life,
and in the same year established a colony
at Ath Cliath or Dublin. Nor were they
converted to Christianity till about the
year 948. See AVare's works, vol. v. cap.
69, p. 60. Jocelin, in his Life of St. Pa-
trick, states that the Irish apostle depart-
ing from the borders of Midhe (Meath),
directed his steps towards Laighin (Lein-
ster), and ha\nng passed the River Finglas,
came to a certain hill almost a mile distant
from Ath Cliath, and, casting his eyes
na 5-Ceapc.
227
Until he reached the fort of the fine Galls (foreigners^)
To relieve the race of the sons of Mileadh (Milesius).
He who was king of hardy Ath Cliath,
When Patrick came from the north [from Teamhair],
"Was Ailpin, son of Eolathach,
Of the race of Domhnall Dubh-dhamhach''.
The day on which at Ath Cliath arrived
Patrick of Macha' of great revenues,
On the same [day] cruel death had taken off
The only son of valorous Ailpin.
Tliey brought to the descendant (son) of the Deacon
The only son of the king of the Galls (foreigners), the fierce
EochaidhJ,
round the place and the circumjacent
country, he is said to have pronounced this
prophecy : " Pagus iste nunc exiguus, exi-
mius crit ; divitiis et dignitate dilatabitur :
nee crcscere cessabit, donee in regni solium
sublimetur." But this gatherer and beau-
tifier of the popular legends respecting
St. Patrick soon forgets himself (or his
work has been unfairly interpolated by
some modern scribes to serve a purpose),
for in the next chapter but one ho, in
fabling language, introduces St. Patrick
into the noble city of Dublin, which had
Vjeen built by the Norwegians, (Nnrwagia:
rt insularum populis), and which was then
governed by a king, Alpinus, the son
of Eochadh, from whose daughter Dub •
linia, forsooth, the city took its name.
See Ussher's Primordia, pp. 8G1, 862; and
Harris's History of the City of Dublin,
p. C. This is evidently the story which is
said in the prose text to be taken froni tiie
Psalter of Caisoal, and for which the autho-
rity of St. Benean is there alleged, but which
cannot be as old as the year 836, when the
Northmen first settled in Dublin. The old
lives of St. Patrick state that he proceeded
from Meath to Naas, which was then the
residence of the kiugs of Leinster, and this
is evidently the truth, as appears from the
whole stream of Irish historj-. Dr. Lanigan
thinks that this fable of the conversion of
Ailpin, king of the Norwegians of Dublin,
by St Patrick, " was undoubtedly fabri-
cated at Armagh," and that "either Joce-
lin was induced, in compliment to his pa-
tron, the Archbishop Thomas, to insert it in
his book, or that it was foisted by some
other hand into his MS." — Eccl. Hist.
Ireland, vol. i. pp. 275, 276.
' O/Macha, i. e. of Ard Macha (Armagh) .
J Eochaidh — This name is Irish, and
denotes, equcs, horseman. The Scandina-
vian nations had no such name. See Col-
gan, Trias Tliaum., page 563, note 4; and
/Irta Sanrfnrjtm, page 114, note 3.
q2
228 Leabhap
Dia chpuS acLif oia cheljao, —
Go'n Qppoal pob imDeapj^ao.
n t)d''"' (D)-riicra anmain anb pin,
a cl^ipij chaiD, churhaccaij;,
plechrpat) duio 'c-on (5)-CoiU Cheonaino,
plechcpaio ^aill iTi jlaip peapamb."
r/iii6 I n-a oeipil p6 rpi
in c-Qppoal ip a' c-aipo-pij,
CO pa epij 'n-a Beacliaio''"
peinoij alauiD, ctipo ©chaio.
Qp pm abnaoap'''^ do in ploj
pcpepall each pip, unja o'op, —
unja cacha ppona ap pin'*', —
ip pcpeball oip each en pip.
"Cpi h-uinji pop pacbao'^^call
Do'n chain a n-jappbaib na n-^all,
aipcrheap p6 rpi ino Qch Cliach
6 ^(h)aeiDelaib na n-jall pciach.
" t)ia nam copa in each bliabain
in chain-pea lib 6 Cioiiiain
nocho n-pecpab'"** pip chalman
bap n-oun-pi oo Dichpoj^lao.
" Qn Dun arair co bpeaiham, —
no peeapa pe ouib-DeaTTiain'"', —
bib h-e in cpeap cine, nach ctm,
biap pa oeipeao i n-Bpino,
k CniU Cheanainn, i. e. Ceanann's wood. Petrie's Inquiry into the Origin and Uses
This has not been identified. of the Round Towers of Ireland, pp. 214,
' Screapall, a coin used by the ancient 215.
Irish, which weiglied twenty-four grains, " Liamhain — This, which was other-
and was of the value of three pence. See wise called Dun Liamhna, was the name
na 5-Cea|iu. 229
To annoy and entrap him [i. e. the Apostle], —
To the Apostle it was a reproach,
" If thou shouldst bring a soul iuto him,
0 cleric pure [and] powerful,
1 will submit to thee at Coill Cheanainu'',
[And] the Galls of the green land shall siibniit to thee."
They went i*ound him thrice, right-hand-wise,
The Apostle and the high king.
So that he rose up in his life (into life)
The comely hero, the noble Eochaidh.
Hereupon the host brought to him
A screapall' for each man, an ounce of gold, —
An ounce for each nose besides, —
And a screapall of gold for each man.
" The three ounces which were imposed yonder
As tribute in the courts of the Galls, [lor it
[If these be not paid] thrice shall Ath Cliath be plundered
By the Gaeidhil of the foreign shields.
" If ill every year be rendered
'Hiis tribute by you out of Liamhain'",
'fne men of earth shall not be able
To plunder (or destroy) your fortress.
"The fortress in which they fiercely dwell, —
Which was separated from the black demons, —
Sliall be the third fire", without debility.
Which shall be at the last in Eire.
of one of llic piilacf.-- of the kings of Loin- fi)ri'igiiiTs It.id |iiij.st>.sion of tliis phtco at
Bter. It is the present " Dunlavan," in the tiiije of the writing of tiii? poem. See
the west of the county of Wicklow. See page 203, note ", supra.
Cinuit of Muirtheartach .Afao Neill, p. 3»j, " The third jhr, i. e th« la-t inhabited
note .VJ. From tiiib it would appear that liif plan' lint tw...
230
Ceabhap
" Pacbaim popa na chuili'''^
buaiD m-ban ap a m-ban-cuipi,
buaiO ap a n-^allaib jlana,
buaiD n-aiUi ap a n-injeana.
" 6uaiD pnarha ap riiacaib a m-ban,
buaiD cocaiD ip buaio componi,
buaiD Dia n-alcaib conna"^
im luao chopn ip chomola.
" 6uai6 pij chaibch) i n-Qch Clrach cpuaio,
buaiD n-aihaip, buai6 n-oclaio uaiD,
buaiD caoupa 'n-a chellaib,
buaio n-apaip ip naimchenoaij.
" Qn Dun ap cuinic a cuaio,
na poib ap a pij po buaiD'*';
ip mop jallachc a jaili'^"
mo mallacc ap 6aejaipi."
Ip De nach bia pich na n-^all
pe pij niiDi na mop lano'*',
icip Cheariiaip ip 6iamain
cean oebaio each in bliaoain.
" Its churches. — This shows that the
poem was composed after the conversion
of the Galls to Christianity. Ware says
that the Danes were converted to tlie
Cliristian faith in the reign of their king
Godfrid, the son of Sitric, about the year
948 ; see his Antiquities, Ed. 1705, pp. 61,
62. The churches whose erection is usually
ascribed to them are Mary's Abbey, St.
Audoen's, imd Christ's Church.
P The fort, ffc, i. e. Teamhair.
'I Ml/ curse upon Leaghaire Here it
is evident that this particular poem was
composed to flatter the Galls of Dublin by
making St. Patrick pronounce a blessing
on their fortress, at the same time that he
pronounced a malediction against the for-
tress of the Irish monarchs. But there is
no authority in the ancient Lives of St. Pa-
trick, preserved in the Book of Armagh,
or those published by Colgan, to show
that he ever cursed Teamhair or Tara;
that was reserved for Saint Euadlian of
Lothra (Rodanus of Lorha), the son of
Fearghus Birn, son of Eochaidh, son of
Deardubh, son of Daire Cearba, son of
OiUoU Flann-beag, son of Fiacha Jluillea-
than, son of Eoghan Mor, son of Oiliol
J
ria 5-Ceapr. 231
" I leave, upon tbem, all [these privileges, graces, or gifts],
Gift of [being good] wives upon their female bauds,
Gift [of being good husbands] upon their fine Galls,
Gift of beauty upon their damsels.
" Gift of swimming upon the sous of their wives,
Gift of war and success of trophies,
Gift to their abundant houses
Of the quick circulation of drinking-horns and drinking.
" Gift of [good] kings for ever in hardy Ath Cliath,
Gift of hired soldiers, gift of native soldiers.
Gift of veneration in its churches^.
Gift of habitation and commerce.
" The forf whence I came from the north.
May great success not he on its kings;
[Though] great is the fame of his valor
My curse upon Laeghaire''."
It is from this [curse] that the peace of the Galls
Shall not be with the king of Midhe of the great swords,
Between Teamhair and Lianihain
There shall be a battle every year"".
Olum, king of Minister ; and it is strongly nain, when the enniity between the races
to be suspected that this poem, or, at all of Oilioll Oliim and of Jsiall of the Nine
events, the present form of the poem, was Hostages was at its height ; and the holy
fabricated in ^lunster, with a view to les- Corniac lost his life in a battle which he
son the dignity of the Xepotes Seill, by hazarded at Kcalach Mughna, in Magh
making St. Patrick curse their king and Ailbhe, with Flann Sionnu, monarch of Ire-
palace, while he blessed the king of the land, and head of the southern Ui Neill.
foreigners of Dublin and their city. No See the Introduction.
opportunity is lost sight of to give tiiis •■ There shall be. a btUtlc This is a
great race of Niall a stain. It is probablo quasi prophecy introduced after the event
that this poem and others, and pos.sibly had occurred. It looks a strange result of
the wiiole work, were produced at Caiseal. the (supposed) cur.sc of Teamhair and the
during the reign of Cormac Mac Cuilean- blcs.sing of Ath Cliath by the Iri-h apostle.
232 Leabhaii
r\-i pm peanchap Qcha Cliach
inDipim DUiB cap ceanD piach ;
biaiD )l-leBpaib co bpctch m-bpap
map acd pun& 'p-a peonchap QCCI SUND.
» The history of Ath CUath See tlie and the tradition which it purports to
question as to the authority of this poem, record as to St. Patrick's visit to Dub-
na j-Ceajic. 233
That is the history of Ath Cliath*,
I relate [it] to you in discharge of a debt ;
In books till the day of judgment it shall be
As it is here, in the history THERE IS HERE.
lin, and the Oalla or foreigners supposed to the Editor in tlie Introduction to this
be then resident there, fully discussed by work.
2.34 teabhap
VI. 6eaNMachc phaORUi^ a^us ceai^c uib^h
eiReawN a o-ueamhi^aisH
pacRicius [bawc] 6eNet)iccioNem pRO liasi-
CaCOR16U8 hl6eRNia IMSO^a t)eit)lC; comoaobeapc
pdGpaic ano |^o:
" 6eaNt)achu oe popaib uiii
peapaib Gpeann, macaiB, mnaiB,
]xeo injeanaiB, — plaich beanoacc,
baV beantDacc, buan beanoacc.
plan beanoacc, pap beanoacc,
pip beannacc, beannacc nime,
nel benoacc, beanoacc mapa,
mepc beanoacc, beanoacc ch1pi,
copao beanoacc, beanoacc Dpucbc<i,
beannacc aici", beanoacc jaili,
beanoacc ^aipcio, beanoacc jocha,
beanoacc ^nima, beanoacc opoan,
bennacc dine popaib uili
laechaib, cleipchib, cein' popconjpaio
beannacc peap niriie,
ip mo ebepc op bich beannacc." . . . 6GHt)QCC
«
Ni 0I15 cxiaipo a.(5)-cuiceaD i n-epinn [in] pib nuc piapapa ctp
ocup cuapipcail^ in cuiceao pin, amail ac* beapc t)ubcac mac h-Lli
t/ujaip^ po.
» Duhhthach Mac Ui Lnphair.— lie or Tai-a. He was tlie instructor of Fiech,
was chief poet of Ireland, and the first who ai'terwards became Bishop of Sleibhte
convert made by St. Patrick at Teamhair (Slctty or Sleaty), near Carlo w. Colyan
no 5-Ceajir. 235
VI. THE BENEDICTION OF ST. PATRICK, AND THE PKIVI-
LEGES OF THE KINGS OF EIRE AT TEAMHAIK.
PATRICIUS IIANC BENEDICTIONEM PRO HABITATO-
RIBUS IIIBERNI^ INSULiE DEDIT ; and Patrick said this :
" THE BLESSING OF GOD upon you aU,
Men of Eire, sons, women.
And daughters; prince-blessing.
Good blessing, perpetual blessing, ,
Full blessing, superlative blessing.
Eternal blessing, the blessing of heaven,
Cloud-blessing, sea- blessing,
Fruit-blessing, land-blessing.
Produce-blessing, dew-blessing, ,
Blessing of the elements, blessing of prowess,
Blessing of chivalry, blessing of voice,
Blessing of deeds, blessing of magnificence,
Blessing of happiness, be upon you all,
Laics, clerics, while I command
The blessing of the men of heaven.
It is my bequest, as it is a perpetual blessing." THE BLESSING.
No poet is entitled to visitation of a province in Eire, who does not
know the tribute and stii)end of that province, as Dubhtluich INfac Ui
Lugliiiir" said here.
says that he had in his possession some of taut jii'iies inc diversii hiijiis inter suob
(he poems composed by this Diibhthach. Celebris viri opusciila, .alil)i srepiiis ei-
— See Tilan T/iauni., p. «, n. 6. ' Kx larnla." St I'adnck called at tlie house .»f
236 Leabhap
NI t)615 cuaipr no ceanoaijeuchc,
ap ni F'^'j F"p-eolach
1 (b)-pei6m eolaip ilchpochaij,
menib co peij p^'^F'^P"
cipa Teanba ip ruapipcla
copbao uili eipneioe
lap n-upt)'' eola?p ilclanouij^
6 chopach co oeij.
Ni obj cuaipc a (5)-cain choiceuo
DO choiceaoaib cloch 6anba,
map' imchuaipc en cuairhi, —
mao Dia (b)-Fea5chap^ pipinDi, —
pilij nach opon oeachpaijpeap
pochap, Dochap oilmaine
Dpechc each chipi chic:
ip ano ip pat'" peanchaoa
in can l^ajap lepjnirha
inopi 6rhip" uatp.
Ip ano ip ail oUaman,
ariiail oil cean inopcuchao,
in can cuiceap cuupipclo
la cipa cean chunncobaipc,
conup uili inbippea
in each aipeachc apo:
napab poicheach pean apuipe,
ap chpo6 na ap chaipo-pine'^
aip ni pluinopea pean bpecho
peap CO (5)-copup, coinDipcle :
nipab napach noipeaoach
op miab na ap riiop aicnie,
menip'^ pariiloib painijeap''' —
a pocap ni &I15 Nl' [t)^,!^.]
thia poet, who resided in Ui Ceinseallaigh, pal dignity. See Ir. Gram, by J. O'Dono-
near the present town of Carlow, ivhon the van, App. II., p. 437, where the account
latter recommended his disciple Fiech as a of the meeting of Patrick and Fiach in
person fitted to be promoted to tlie episco- given from the Annotations of Tireachon,
na 5-Cea]ic. 237
NO ONE IS ENTITLED to visitation or sale [of his poems],
For he is not a truly learned poet
In the use of various kinds of knowledge,
Unless he knows distinctly
The ample tributes and stipends
That may all be rendered
According to their various modes of distribution
From beginning to end.
Not entitled to visitation in any fair province
Of the provinces of famous Banbha,
Nor to the circuit of any chieftainry, —
If justice be observed, —
Is any poet who will not directly distinguish
The advantages, the disadvantages of the dignity
Of his poems in each territory he enters:
When he is a learned historian,
It is when he has read all the actions
Of the isle of noble Eibhear''.
It is then he is a rock of an ollamh.
Like a rock immoveable,
When he comprehends the stipends
And the tributes without doubt,
So that he can recite them all
In each noble meeting:
Let him not be an old rusty vessel
Influenced by. wealth or friendship.
For, exploded judgments should not be pronounced
By a man of justice and mercy:
He shall not be able to bind usages
On the great or noble tri])e.
Unless thus he variously distinguishes —
To his emoluments he is not entitled. NO ONE IS ENTITLED.
and compared witli the Tripartite Life as •" Isle of noble Eih/ienr, i. e. Eire of
published by Col^an. As to this rithleartf Ireland. Eibhear wa-S the eldest son or
see Battle ofMagli I'ath,p. 154, and p. 102, Mileadh orMilesiiis, and the ancestor of tb«
n. *,siiprd. dominant families of Munster.
238 Ceabhap
[ConiD ap na cuapapclaib pm anuap ajup ap na cfpaiB po cacain
6en^an hoc capmen uc Ppalcepmm Caipil oipcir] :
ceaniaiR, ceach a m-bi mac Cuino,
popao'* na laech a 6iach-Dpuim,
ard lim-pa do mebaip
a n-oipi oo oeij-peapaiB'^
Cach pi jebup Ueamaip cheanb'^,
acup ceachcBup lach n-Gpeano'*,
ipe apaipe Oib uile
oo pluaj 6anba bapp-bui6i'^.
ITldb pij bileap Do Cheurhaip
bup Geach-" bo na o^ij-peapaib
jiallao each co puici^' a cheach
Do'n pij pip-6n, prp-bpearac.
tDleajap oe-porii^^ peip na ploj
ace CO (D)-ripao 'n-a chinol,
oleajap Gib-peom jeill" each pip
acr CO (D)-rlpaD co CeariiOip^^ C
CGQniQlR nocho Dip o6-pon
minba peancham pap popaio''*,
CO n-inDipeao o'd jiuipi*"
cuapipcal each aen Duine.
Hd rapoao cap ceapc co neach,
co nach puca^' p^in ju bpeach ;
nd D^ancap Debaio 'n-a rhij,
odij ip jeip mop o'd jeapaib"^*.
Co nach Dedpna cocao coin,
pi ploj'^ choicib Choncobaip,
'X,ia<A-rfrwt»t, one of the names of the hill "• The province of Conchohhar, i. e. of
of Teamhair (Tara). See p. 144, n. ', suprh. Uladh or Ulster, so called from Conchobhar
na 5-Ceapr. 239
And it was concerning these stipends and tributes following Be-
noan sang this song, as the Psalter of Caiseal has said:
TEAMHAIR, THE HOUSE in which resided the son of Conn,
The seat of the heroes on Liath-drnim*^,
I have in memory
Their stipends to the chieftains.
Every king who occupies strong Teamhair,
And possesses the land of Eire,
He is the noblest among all
The hosts of Banbha the fertile.
If he be a rightful king of Teamhair
It is right for the chiefs
To make each of them submission even at his house
To the just and justly-judging king.
It is due of him to acknowledge the hosts
When they come into his assembly,
It is due of them to give hostages each man
When they come to Teamhair. . >\^>9rw i v''. . TEAMHAIR.
TEAMHAIR is not due to him
Unless he be a very intelligent historian,
So that he may tell his chieftains
The stipend of every person.
That he may not give beyond right to any one,
That he himself may not pass a false sentence;
That no quarrel take place in his house,
For that is the great restriction of his restrictions.
That he may not wage fierce war
With the host of the province of Conchobhar**,
Mac Neawa, kitif^ofthat province, iiiidor rislird ahniit tlin i)crioJ of the birth of
whom the horons of tlie Red Branch flou- Christ.
240 Ceabhap
na palmaijcheap Ueariiaip 6e
Do chocab clano ■Ruopaibi.
t)lijiD Beirh i (D)-CeaiTipaiD'<' ehp^iri
acup each ic a oijp^ip,
mene epji pein pe 301I''
OD piapaiD 00 a chuiceaoai 5.
tJCi^ib Ri^ uf,a6 eartiNa
plea6 DO each peachcmao Sariina
ip a cup DO eean jainoi
CO bpui Cinoi Cuaichpmoi'*.
m^D na pleibi a oeapap ano"
DO pi Ceampa na (D)-cp6an lano'*
Da DobaiD Dec each leanoo,
CO n-a puipeac" ptp-jpeama.
Oul CO UearhpaiD 'n-a oeajaio
'n-a rhinoV^ do oeij-peapaib;
inDmop Doib ap a n-aipceap^'
CO (b)-pmDcaip'8 a (D)-ruapipcal.
OlijiD pi Garhna ITIacha,
Doij noeho mac miolaca^',
J jach plaich jebup jopc n-jaine
noch pa h-olc do a^" pomafne.
tDlijiD^' leach in ciji [ce]
m ploj*- pin eaitina TTIaichi,
acup jabaiD, — nl claen lino,
ceipc-leach" ap aen pe^" h-Gipino.
ptn bo odil poppo** a (b)-CeaThpai6
co*^ meaDaijeab a meanmain;
* iSo>w of Rvdhraidhe — These were the Rudhraidhe was monarch of Ireland, A. M.
ancient inhabitants of llladh or Ulster. 3845,accordingtoO'Flaherty'sChronolog}'.
na 5-Cea|ir. 241
That Teamhair be never wasted
By war with the sons of Rudhraidhe®.
It is his right to be at mighty Teamhair
And nil to him obedient;
If he himself break not his faith
His provincialists to him are obedient.
BOUND IS THE KING OF ULTONIAN EAM1IAIN[
To make him a feast every seventh Samhain [Allhallows]
And that to be sent by him without scantiness
To the margin of Linn Liiaithrinnfe"^.
The extent of the feast here mentioned
To the king of Teamhair of the mighty swords [is]
Twelve vats of each [kind of] ale,
With a suitable quantity of best viands.
[lie is] to go to Teamhair after it
With his assemblage of chieftains ;
Wealth [is to be given] to them for their journey
In coming to know their stipends.
Entitled is the king of Eamhain Mhaclia [to gifts],
For he is not one who will fail of his succession,
[And] every king who succeeds to n rightful inheritance
Shall receive no despicable gifts.
Entitled to half the warm house
Is that host of Eamhain Mhacha,
And they take, — it is no partiality of our's,
The exact half"^*^ [of the house] along with [the rest of] Eire.
AVinc is to be dealt out to them at Teamhair
Until their spirits arc increased;
' Eamhain So<' p. 22, n. ', supra. plicil to a ]iart of tho Boinn (IJoyiio).
"Linn Liifiitlirinnr, i. p. " pool of ilii" '" JC.rarl /lalf, i. o. iis lar^n n .sliare of
wliirluig ;" not iilciilifitMl, Init proimlily a|)- tlic liouso as all tin- rest of (lie men of Eirr.
n
242 Ceabhap
cuipn bpeca co n-a m-beanoaiB,
poipni CO n-a (b)-p)chchillaib^^.
Coirh leichiD a h-aiochi''^ o'op
Do'n pi Dipeagpa, ofrhop,
oa ceac bo acup d6 cheao ech,
Da c^ao capbao, — ni claen bpecli.
Od luinj Dec ap coblacb coin*^
6 pi Ueariipa co (D)-cpeapaib
a (5)-cup DO rhacaib placha
Doij ip conjaib inD lacha*".
Od pleij d6c ap a m-bia nem,
Dd claiDearh Deg map ealcam^',
od eoach Dec each Dacha
pd choTTiaip mac n-apD-placha.
Roja cochmaipc a (D)-UeampaiD
DO pijnaib CO po^^ riienmain
a robaipr do, ace co (D)-t:o5a"
md Dd poib a n-aencurha".
Comaipci jaei Deipj DdriiaiD
DO pij Ulao ilbdjaij;
od poib a (D)-CearhpaiD na (D)-cop
nd Idm neach a pdpujao.
s Clothes of every color ^^According to " Hoc item rege, vestes rubeo cmrulcoqiie
Keating's Historj- of Ireland one color was colore infici coeperunt, et ad amictus varia
used in the dress of a slave, two colors in ornamentorum genera artificum manibus
that of a plebeian, three in that of a soldier addi. Idem insuper instituit, ut plebeio-
or young lord, four in that of a brughaidh rum et infimi ordinis hominum indunicntis
or public \'ictualler, five in that of a lord unicus dimtaxat inesset color, grcgariorum
ofatuath or cantred, and six in that of autem militum vestimenta duobus colori-
an oUamh or chief professor of any of the bus ; nobilium Ephaborum tribus ; locu-
liberal arts, and in that of the king and pletum villicorum quatuor ; tetrarchorum
queen See Keating's History of Ireland, quinque ; eruditorum denique, Regum et
Haliday's edition, p. 322. The passage Rcginarum, sex colorum varietate distin-
is translated by Dr. Lynch as follows: guercntur."
na 5-Cea]ic. 243
Variegated drinking-horns with their peaks,
Sets [of chessmen] with their chess-boards.
The full breadth of his face, of gold,
To the great, matchless king,
Two hundred cows and two hundred steeds,
Two hundred chariots, — no partial decision.
- Twelve ships of the fleet of war
From the king of Teamhair of battles
[Are] to be sent for the sons of the chieftains
Because they are acceptable presents.
Twelve lances on which there is poison,
Twelve swords with razor edges,
Twelve suits of clothes of every color^
For the use of the sons of the great chieftains.
A choice of courtship at Teamhair
Of princesses of highest minds
[Is] to be given to him^, but so as he selects her
If she (the princess) be unmarried.
The protection of the red-hot javelin is given
To the king of many-battled Uladh ; [i. e.]
If he be at Teamhair of lords
That no one dare dishonor him'.
^ To be given to him, i.e. in marriage. it must be considered that marriage, ac-
According to the traditions at Taillte (Tell- cording to the rites and ceremonies of the
town in Mcath) all the marriages which ancient Irish Church, is intended liy the
tofik place in the kingdom were celebrated words in the text.
there in Pagan times, but tluj contract ^ That no one dare dishonor him, i.e. thai
lasted for twelve months only, at the cxpi- no one violate his privileges. The word
ration of which the parties might separate papuji;ciD is translated " dishonorare" hv
if they pleased. The ICditor, however, ha.-, themigiual compileroftheAnnalsof Ulster.
never l)ccn able to test the truth of this Sec Pinkerton's extracts from those Annals
tradition by any written evidence. At the in his Inquiry into the History of Scotland,
period to which thi.s poem refers, tlie Chris- where he remarks that tliis word is pecu-
tjan religion prevailed in the counfiy, an<l liarly Iiish. For the vnrii.us a\ilh(.ntie«
II 2
244 Ceabhaji
^aileanja p6 chif a each";
piji 6pea3 pa [p]6ipnib a ech^^;
Du poiB a'^ (t>)-UeaTTipaiD chuacliaiD
po peap ip D'd pip chuacliaib.
a chuibpint) a (d)-ci5 Uheanipa,
copaioi DO mop'^ niennia
cpi pichic mapr, pichi muc,
pichi cmoi CO cpean lucr.
Pichi jlac lopa, Dap lim,
pichi uj palbnD poipinD*^,
pichi cliab 1 n-a m-biao beich*^",
ip a (D)-cobaipt; do ap in leic.
Sl
Ml olijeano ace ma6 pine
6 pi5 Ueampa conn-^laine
acup a Deipim p6 di
ni h-inanD pin ip nethchni""^
Qp pin r^iD poime o'a chi^*^^
pij Cuail^m cup na caraib"*;
lap n-aipipim a aipcep
DO pojail^* a ruapapcail.
Do pi TJacha nioip IfTluiji
olijiD po chpuD, pi^paiDi;
Duijf' ipe ip uaiptfe aipceap
ip ap cupca cuapipcol^^.
DlijiD — ci [p]iappai6iD^« pin?
Tninba h-e bup pi ap Ulcaib®,
which prove the exact meaning of the as if he were a llaniing sword or javelin ;
'word, see the Editor's translation of the and, therefore, any who sought his protec-
secon'd part of the Annals of the Four Mas- tion were absolutely safe-
ters, note ^ under the year 1537, p. 144G. J Gallcanpa.-Seo. p. 188, n. ", suprci.
The protection of the red-hot javelin means " Breaph. - See page 1 1 , note ^ and
that the king of Uladh was as untouchable page 178, note ^ supra.
na 5-Ceapc. 245
The GaileangaJ [shall be] under rent [for the support] of his
steeds ;
The men of Brcagh'' under the troops of his horsemen ;
If he be at Teamhair of tribes
It is known that these are of his true territories.
His portion in the house of Teamhair,
Wherefor he should be of great cheerfulness,
[Is] three score beeves, twenty pigs,
Twenty tinnes (salted i^igs) for his mighty people (the Ullta).
Twenty handfuls of leeks, methinks.
Twenty eggs of gulls along with them,
Twenty baskets (hives) in which are bees,
And all to be given to him together.
He is entitled only to that
From the king of fair-surfaced Teamhair ;
And I say it twice (i. e. emphatically),
That is not the same as nothing.
Then forward to his mansion goelh
The king of Cuailghne' with the battalions;
[And] after resting from his journey
To distribiite his stipends.
To the king of Rath Mor Muighe"'
Is due great [and] kingly wealth ;
For he is of the noblest on the journey
And the first who receives his stipend.
Entitled is he — shall any ask it?
- Unless he be king over the men of Uladh,
' Kiiit; of Cunilff/inp, i. c. of Ulndh or Louih. ,S,c ji. 21, iintc ', siipn).
INtcr, fii'iii CiKiil^'Imc, tli(! rcmarkalilc "' lialh Muif//ir. i.e. the king of Magh
chain of nunnitains (if that name in (Ik; IJno, in wliioli lh(^ chiuf icsidcnce '.vn.t
ancient I'ladh, tlioiigh now a part of mo- calk'd Ralh Mor Muinht- Line. Sn- jiago
dcrn Leinstcr, in the nortli of the count j- of 1 70, m)te '', siipiu.
246 Ceabhan
ochc m-bpuic oacha acup Da luing
CO fciach n-jel ap gach n-jualainD.
Pichchill acup bpanoub ban
ochc (5)-cuipn acup ochc (5)-copain,
occ mllchoin acup ochc n-eich
acup ochc pleaja ap ein-lejch'".
t)li3iD pi TTIuiji CoBa^'
na n-apm n-eabpom, n-imcana
ochc'^ milchoin acup ochc^^ n-eich
acup ochc n-jabpa ap jlan peich^\
tDlijio ©ojan pluaijeao leip,
acup Conall cean dtpleip,
paip nocho n-pellam a n-oaiU^
ipeo bleujaiD beich o'aen laim.
ObjiD pi QipjiaW^ a each
cap ceano a jiall, — ni ju bpear,
acup olijiD Conall cam
puiDi each ou ap a belaib'^
011516 pi h-Ua Tn-6piuin iniabach
a each ppanjcach pip Tniaoach:
DI1516 pi Conmaicne com
each acup poja n-ix>a^^^''.
11 Maffh Cohha As to this plain see possessed the greater part of what now
the note on Cobha, page 165, n. '', supra, forms the county of Donegal. See p. 34,
and see the Editor's translation of the An- n. •', supra.*
nals of the Four Masters, note 'i, under the '\Oirghialla. — See pp. 134, 140, note r>,
year 1 188, and note ", under the year 1252, supra.
p. 344. "■ Ui Briuin There was a tribe and
" Eoglian, i. c. the Cineal TSoghain or territory of this name in Ulster in St. Pa-
race of Eoghan, son of Niall of the Nine trick's time, as we learn from the Tripartite
Hostages, who possessed a great part of Life of St. Patrick, published by Colgan,
Ulster at this period. Seep. 34, n. % supra. part iii. c. i. Trias Thaum., p. 149; and
P Cotiall, i. e. of the Cineal Chonaill, or Colgan thinks that the region so called in
race of Conall Gulban, who at this period St. Patrick's time, was styled Muintir-
na 5-Ceapc. 247
To eight colored cloaks and two ships.
With a bright shield on each shoulder.
To a chess-board and white chess-men,
Eight drinking-horns and eight cups,
Eight greyhounds and eight steeds
And eight lances, together.
Entitled is the king of Magh Cobha"
Of the light and thin-edged weapons
To eight greyhounds and eight steeds
And eight mares in fine running order.
Eoghan" is bound to go on a hosting with him.
And ConallP without neglect,
Against him they shall not act treacherously at the meeting,
They are bound to be of one hand (i. e. of one mind).
Entitled is the king of Oirghiallai to his steed
On account of his hostages, — it is no false award.
And the mild Conall is entitled ' * *
To sit at every place before his face (i. e. in front of him).
Entitled is the king of the noble Ui Briuin'
To his truly noble French steed :
Entitled is the king of the fair Conmaicne*
To a steed and choice raiment.
Uirn in his OHii time. Ilis note is as fol- sarum rcgionumConnacia?, qure Ili-FJniiiiiw
lows: priscis tcmporibus nomiiiabaiUur, ct aliijuaB
",/(/ rryionem, rpite .tfjiiilonaris Hi- ex eis respect u luijiis sunt Australus, aliic
liriuin appellatur. c. i. Videtur esse regio Occidcntales." — 'I'rius T/iuiim., page 184.
1 )i(Tcesis Anhnadianic in Tir-eoguin^ quo Muintir-lJirn, the territory here referred to
viilg(\ MiiinliT Ilirn app<-'lhitiir: ct noinon liy Colgan, is shown on an old map of
ilhid sortita a IJruino lilio Miiredachi Mcil/i, Ulster preserved in tiie State Paiurs ( )llico,
liUi Imchadii, filii Colla; Dachrioch. Pos- as situate in the liaroiiy of " Dimgan-
tcri enim liujus C'oII.t, postea Orgielhi dieti non" in Tj'ronc, and separated from the
lal(5 in isto (ractii tempore ratrieit domina- territory of " Troiigli," hj- tlic Hiver Hlack-
l>aiilur. Dicitiirautein liaT regio Ili-IJriiinia water.
Aqiiilonaris a coinparatione aliarum diver- ' Conmaicnc This was evidently (he
248
Leabhap
If aipi DO bepc pn boiB
pi Ulao an aipm cpen, rhoip^*
CO m-beiD a (b)-cpepi 'n-a chij
CO (o)-cea5aiD leip co Ueamaip"^.
^easa pij Ulao*" eamna
acup a lano Ian chalma*'
bula 00 a (5)-ceanD ooipi chuipc*^,
aen-peachc o'aicpin o'd puabaipc®'.
Gicpeachc p6 h-4nlaich jlinoi
6acha Saileacli, paep bino)**,
pochpucao 6eUcaine chaip
ap pino Coch^* alamo Pebail.
Qc pm a geapa cpuaioi
aipo-pij coiciD Chpaeb Ruaioi ;
tnct Da n-Deapna co jnuch pm
nl jeba co bpdch Uearhaip
t)d 6uabai6«« pij uiao uiu,
comriieaD a Chapc®^ a (5)-Caen-Dpuim,
a maip i (D)-UaiUcm cpe gail**",
Garham ac a mjenaib*^.
Coblach ojci pop^° Coch Cuan,
clearinnap pe pij ^all ^lan uap^',
Conmaicne \vho were seated in Magh Rein,
in the south of tlie county of Leitrim, and
in the comity of Longford; but these,
tliough of tlie ancient UHta or Chnnia
Rudln-aidhe, were not considered as in the
proviuce of Uls'.jr for many centuries.
' Dolre itdrc, i. e. tlie oalcwood, or re-
treat, of the hog or wild boar.
" Loch Saileach This is evidently in-
tended for Loch Suilcach, Anglicc " Lough
Swilly," the arm of the sea running into
the county of Donegal. The valley liere
referred to is Gleann Suilighe (Glenswilly),
near Litear Ceannaighe (Lctterkenny),
tlirough which the River Suileach (Swilly)
Hows. See p. 23, and n. y, ih. ; the same
geis occurs there, and thus Linn Saileach is
identified.
" Loch Fcahhail, " Lough Foyle" (the
arm of the sea running between Donegal and
Derry), i. e. the lake of Feabhal, son of
Lodan, one of the Tuatha De Danann co-
lony. See poem on Aileach, published in
the Ordnance Memoir of Tcmplemorc.
na 5-Cea[>c. 249
The reason that these are given them
By the king of Ulaclh of the mighty [and] great arms,
[Is] that their strength might be in his house,
That they may go with him to Teamhair. . . TEAMIIAIR.
THE RESTRICTIONS of the king of the Ultonian Eamhain
And of his very brave sword [are]
To go into a wild boar's hannt',
[Or] to be seen to attack it alone.
To listen to the birds of the valley
Of Loch Saileach", the nobly melodious.
To bathe on May-day eastwards
In the brinrht and beautiful Loch Feabhail*.
'o
Such are the hard restrictions
Of the supreme king of the province of the Red Branch* ;
If he usually practise those [forbidden things],
He shall never obtain Teamhair TEAMIIAIR.
OF THE PREROGATIVES of the great king of Uladh, [viz.]
To keep his Easter at Caen-druim'',
His stewards [to be] at Taillte^ through valor,
Eamhain [to be] in the possession of his daughters.
That he have a fleet on Loch Cuan*, [Galls,
To form a marriage alliance with the king of the fine cold
" 77/f' priivince of the lied Uranch, i. u. uf Mtatli, nearly luiilway between tlie towns
I lie iirovincc of Ulaclh nr Ulster, from the of Navan and Kells. See 0' Flaherty's
Ikjuso (if the Craebh Riiadb, or Red Branch, Otiygin, c. 1 3, and the Editor's letter on the
near Ard Macha (Armagh), so celebrated parish of " D(>naj,'liitatrifk," in the county
in Irish stories. of Meath (now preservcMl iit the Ordnance
* Cain-ilriiiiii This was the old name Survey Ofliee, I'hcenix I'ark), in which
of the hill of Uisneach, near Uaile Mor !>"- the jiresent remains at Tdlltc are described.
chaSeindididhe (r.allyniorc Lougliwwdy), See page 201, n. >', supra.
in the county of Wcstnieatli. SceAiuialsof « Loch Ciiun. See page IGl, note ••,
tlie I'our Masters, .in/K) ;y««7i, 3.170. Sec supra, and ColgiUi's Triun T/iaum., page
page ti, note *■', aupn). 19, note -15. The name has sometimes been
'' 'I'aiUte, .-/»(//ici} Teltoun, in the county .\nglicized into " Lougb Cone."
250 Leabhap
Ganacli^' Cafn bo beich pa blaio,
acup a mafp a (D)-Ceamaip'^^ C[eamaiR, CeaC].
t)f.]§l6 m NQIS, anopa,
pleao*** aoBal, nach upuopa,
picli) DuBach DO each lino
CO n-a (b)-puipeac°^ op a cino.
Uuapipcal pij Caijean 6uipc
6 pij Ueathpach in rpean puipc*
a opeam-pa, map ara ipcij,
ip leam-]^ ica do rfieabaip^.
Ceo mac uippij ip buan blao'*'
leip CO cua naP^ Uearhpac,
mjean aenrurha each pip,
dbach caebrana i (D)-CeaTTiaip. U.
SeachC (5)-CaR6aiD ap"-" a m-bia op,
neach beipeap leip co corhol,
peachc (b)-piehic eoach oaca
p6 chorhaip mac n-apo-placha,
Qp"'' pm ceiD poirhe D'd chij
pij Caijin cup na lueehaib'"*,
CO poirh Dur« Nctip lap n-aipceap'%
CO (b)-po6ail a rhuapipcail.
rriaD ae Cemopealaib'"'' epooa
biap m plaichip pip rhopa'"*,
ip leo plaicheap'"^ a cpuio chain
DO Thae,-pi5 ip ba'07 pi jaib.
tilijiD pi h-Ua Paelan pino
peachc'"^ m-bpuic oara im each oeij lino
» Eanach Caebi, i. e. tlie beautiful marsh. •• Kittff of Nas, i. e. of Laighin or Lein-
Tlicre are various places of this name in ster, from Nas (Naas), one of the scats of
Ulster, and it is iiot easy to determine the kings ofthat pro^^nce; see pp. 9, 202.
which of them is here referred to. <"■ Laiffhin of Lore The provjnce of
na 5-Ceapr. 251
Eanach Caein* to be under his control,
And his stewards to be at Teamhair TEAMHAIR.
ENTITLED IS THE KING OF NAS^ now,
To a great banquet, not easy [to be procured].
Twenty vats of each kind of drink
With the accompaniment of viands besides.
The stipend of the king of Laighin of Lorc"^
From the king of Teamhair of the mighty fort ;
O ye people, who are in the house,
By me it is borne in memory. v.
A hundred sons of petty-kings of lasting fame
With him [go] to the district of Teamhair,
A maiden, of age to be married, for each man,
[And] fine textured clothes at Teamhair. . . TEAMHAIR.
SEVEN CHARIOTS on which is gold [ornament],
Which he brings with him to the banquet.
Seven score suits of clothes of [good] color
For the iise of the sons of the great chieftains.
Then forward to his house goeth
The king of Laighin with the heroes.
Till he reaches the fortress of Nas after a journey,
Till he distributes his stipends.
If with the brave Ui Ceinnsealaigh"*
The truly majestic sovereignty shall be.
Theirs is the dominion of [distributing] its fair wealth
To the princes and to the kings.
Entitled is the king of fair Ui Faelain*
To seven colored cloaks with as many good mantles
Ltinster is here so callud from Luegliuirc k, supra.
Ix)rc, one of ita anck-nt kings. « Ui raelain — Sec page 205, n. ', ami
•* Ui Ciinnteuluiiih See page 208, nolc p- 222, n. ^ on Magh Laiglican, supra.
252 Leabhap
acup ceichpi lonja ap'°'' loch
CO ni-beb co"° coppa a coblach,
OlijiD pi h-Ua pci'^' [f]"°P
ceichpi pceic baca — ip oeaj luaj'",
ceirpi cuipn caca oacha"%
ceichpi claiDiTTi cpuao caca"'\
DlijiD pi OppaiDi an
Da rhilchoin Gee co n-oea^al,
Da each Dec do, cean aipe"*,
CO (5)-capbaDaib oeaj riiaice'".
• 1^15 h-Ua CenDpealaij na (5)-cpeach"*
leip cumap ^51 Ceampach,
ipe peo"* a pip in each chan
uuip ip6 reach pij Caijean.
011516 pi h-Ua n-^abla n-geap
painoi oip im each n-en rh^p;
acup pail oip, o'n jeal jual,
DI151D pij pino na (b)-Popchuach.
^eaSQ"° pij Caijean aD chim,
carh DO uajpa paip 'n-a chip"^
acup ^oill D'airhpeip im pinD"%
acup a j^ill co"^ t)uiblinD.
Rij ap aiDi cean p^ajao'^",
Caerhjin can u choirhejaD'^',
cean ceachc co Nctp'-'' pe lino lain
DO jeapaib in pij po naip.
6"R1^1^ 00 peip im a pach
DO buabaib na pi^'^^ taijneach,
' Ui Failghe. — Soc page 2 1 C), note ^ 8, supra.
suprh. ^ Ui G'al)/ila This leniluiy is inen-
B Ui Ceinnsealaujh See page 208, note tioiied in the Annals of tlie Four Masters
na 5-Ceapc. 253
And four ships upon the sea
So tliat his fleet may be increased [complete].
Entitled is the king of cold Ui Failghe*^
To four colored shields — it is a good stipend,
Four drinking-horns of various color,
Four hard swords of battle.
Entitled is the noble king of Osraidhe (Ossory)
To twelve greyhounds of goodly breed,
Twelve steeds to him, without abatement,
With choice good chariots.
The king of Ui Ceinnsealaigh of the preysS
Has the power of the house of Teamhair,
This is the truth at every period
For it is the house of the king of Laighin.
Entitled is the king of sharp Ui Gabhla''
To a ring of gold upon every finger ;
And a ring of gold, bright from the fire,
Is due to the fair king of the Forthuatha'.
THE RESTRICTIONS of the king of Laighin I see,
A battle to be proclaimed on him in his territory,
And the Galls (foreigners) to defy him even to the sword,
And [to take] his hostages to Duibhlinn (Dublin).
The king not to respect his tutor,
Not to defer to Cacimghin, (i. e, St. Kevin),
Not to come to Nas with u full retinue
Are among the prohibitions of that very noble king.
BRIGHIDJ to obey for Iter favor
Is among the buadha [prerogatives] of the Leinster kings ;
at tho year 1072, but nothing has been ' Fnrthnatlia. — Sec page 207, note ■',
discovered oa yet to show where thoy were sitpn).
locato<l. ■• linrfhid, i. o. MriRhid ChiUe Uarn, " St.
254 Ceabhap
bee d6 p6 chip »n a chi j,
bola each mip CO Ueariiaip'^^ . U[erriaiR]'
061516 Rl'caiSlC na (5)-cpeach
Dula CO cua'-^ Uearhpach
, Dct pichic caippeach'^^ male,
00 chaipbeanao a pleoe'^.
tDlijiD pi Ueampach na (D)-cop
Dula'-'^ coimlin pm leipin,
acup cean mac achaij ano,
00 chaiceam pleJoi ©pann"^.
tJlijiD a"" (D)-Ueamaip tuachpa
pjj murhan na"' mop chuacha
oeich n-Dobcha picheao, po peap,
CO n-a (b)-puipec"2 ,p pfp leap"^
tDlijib pechcmain riap ipcij"^
1 (o)-Ueamaip 6uachpa tDeajaib"*,
'p can Dula ap ap aipceap'^^
no CO (b)-po5la a"7 chuapipcal.
]ph-e peo in cuapipcol ceant>
oleajap'^^ 6 aipD-pij GpeanD,
ochc n-ech, och© (5)-capbaio p6 chuinjj'^^,
ochc (b)-pail5i acup ochc (5)-caem cuipn.
Ochc (b)-pichib bpac do bpacaib,
ochc pc6)ch jela op jlan jlacaib'^"
peachc"' peppecha na ppeich pldm'^^
ipeachc (b)-pichic bo beannain"^
Coipi ua6 DO pij-Caipil'**
6 pi^ Uearhpa, in cpean caipic'-**,
Bridget ofKildare," the patroness of Laighin Earann, son of Fiacha, son of Aenghus J
or ancient Leinster. Tuirmheach, monarch of Ireland, A. M:
^ Earna This was the name of a peo- 3787. See O'Fla. O^y^za, part iii. c. 40.
pie in South Munster, descended from Oilioll ' Teatnhair Luachra, or Teamhair of
na g-Ceajic. 255
To be tributary to her in his house,
To repair every month to Teamhair TEAMHAIR.
BOUND IS THE KING OF CAISE AL of preys
To go to the district of Teamhair
Accompanied by two score chariots,
To display there his banquet.
Bound is the king of Teamhair of lords
To go [taking] the same number with him,
And no son of a plebeian there,
To eat the feast of the Earna'^.
Bound at Teamhair Luachra'
Is the king of Mumha (Munster) of great lordships
[To give] thirty vats, it is known,
"With such viands as are suitable.
He is bound to stay a week in the west, within.
At Teamhair Luachra Deaghaidh',
And not to go from thence on a journey,
Until he distributes his stipends.
This is the great stipend
Which is due from the supreme king of Eire,
Eight steeds, eight chariots fully yoked,
Eight rings and eight fair drinking-horns.
Eight score of cloaks,
Eight bright shields over fine hands,
Seven plough-yokes in full series,
And seven score short-horned cows.
A cauldron is given to the king of Caiseal
By the king of Teamhair, the mighty chief,
Liiacliair Dcighaidh. It was also callctl wa.s the ro3'al residence. See lost note,
Teamhair I'larann, i. e. Temoria Earaniio- al.so page 90, note ^, supn), on Teamhair
rum, from tlif jwoplo of whose country it Shuhha.
256
Leabhap
arabeapc map oleajap chpa
'p-a bpeidV^° i (D-)CeaTTiaip 6uachp?i.
Qp pin po6lai6 pi^ muriian
na (5)-cach ip na (5)-ceac cupao
DO luclic a n-jnirii ceanoam jail*''^
icip pij acup pi^ain'^^
Ochc n-eich maichi ap a m-bia jpao
olijiD pi na n-t)epi nap'^^
ip ochc m-bpuic uaine male,
CO n-ochc n-oeiljib pmopoine.
DI1516 pij h-Llo ^lachan lip
ochc (5)-cuipn acup ochc (5)-claiDim
acup ochc n-eich maichi do
6 pij Caipil, can chlaechlo'^".
t)lij5i6 pij h-Lla n-Gachach n-oll
luipeach acup ya'^' 1 (5)-c6mlonn
acup Da pdlaij o'op oeapj'*^
acup Dci each nach Dpoch Beaoc. •
iDlijiD pi tDaipine Duino
6 pi Caipil in chomlainD
ochc (5)-claiDim coppa chacho,
ochc lonja ip ochc luipeacha.
Oo \\i 6acha 66in leBaip
DlijiD cumain chaipDeamail
1S3
'" Deise See page 184, note ", supra.
" Ui Liathain See page 72, note %
supra.
" UiEathach, i. e. of Ui ^thach Mumli-
an, the descendants of Eochaidh, son of
Cas, son of Core, king of Munstei', son of
Lughaidli, the fourth in descent fiom Oilioll
Oliim, Icing of Minister. Their territory
originally comin-iscd the barony of " Kinel-
meaky," in the county of Cork, and they
afterwards encroached on Corca Luigho,
and became masters of the district called
Fonn lartharach, which is called " Iva-
hagh," on several old maps made in the
reign of Elizabeth and James I., and com-
prises the parishes of " Kilinoe, Scool, Kil-
crohane, Dnrris, Kihnacanoge, and Ca-
heragh,'' in the south-west of the county
na 5-Cea]ir. 257
To be presented in diie form,
And to be brought to Teamhair Luachra.
Then distributes the king of Mumha
Of the battles and of the hundreds of champions
[His stipends] among the people of stout valorous deeds,
Both kings and queens.
Eight good steeds of high distinction
Are due to the king of the noble Deise""
And eight green cloaks besides,
With eight pins of findroine (carved silver).
Entitled is the king of Ui Liathain" of the sea
To eight drinking-horns and eight swords
And eight good steeds [given] to him
From the king of Caiseal, without change.
Entitled is the king of the great Ui Eathach"
/ To a coat of mail and a spear for combat
And to two rings of red gold
And two steeds of no bad temper.
Entitled is the -king of brown Dairine'' (Dairfhine)
From the king of Caiseal of the conflicts
To eight polished swords of battle.
Eight ships and eight coats of niail.
To the king of extensive Loch Leii;''
Is due a friendly return,
of Cork. See Liher Regalis Visitationis of correIati\'e5. See page 64, note ", and page
1615. After the establisliment of surnames 46, note », «?//)ra ; and Keating's History
the chief family of this tribe took the siir- of Ireland, llaliday's edition, "Jk 13G.
name of O'Mathgliamhna, Anglici O'Ma- 1 King nf Loch Ldn, i. e. of Eoghanacht
liony, and the name is still common and Locba Ixiin. After the establishment of
respectable in IMunster. See note >", on surnames the chief family of this tribe took
Raitlilinn, p. o9, supra. the surname of O'Doniichadlia, Anglice
P/)airiHr, otherwise Dairfhine, the tribe of O'Donohoc, O'Donoiighne, &c. Seepage
O'h-EifUrsreoil (the O'Driscolls), and their .50, note ', suprct,
8
258 Leabhap
pici bo acuf'*' pichi eac,
pichi long 06 — n\ opoch bpeach.
Dlijib p{ Ciappaibi in chniiic
pichi each — nf pdch dpo uilc,
acup cpt pichio bo ban
acup rpf pichir'" copan.
OlijiD pi h-Ua Conaill chain
eppiD Cdpc 6 pij Caipil,
a Uann lijoa co li n-jloin'*''
acup a jai 'n-a oeajaiD'*^.
TDlijib pi Gile, mop ca,
a chip paep co Sliab 6laDma,
ache, mina rheachca each coin,
eachcpa paip [gan eachcpa B,] peach each pijpaij'^
]p aipe pin do beip 061b
pi muTTian an aijnij moip'*^
ip &e bup buibeach na pip
can a (b)-puipeach 1 (t))-Ceaniaip I
CR] 6Ua^a pij Caipil cam
pijan aici a Conoachcaib,
I loinjeap aici ap S(h)inainb pldin
acup Caipil 00 congbail.
Q cpi Dimbuaba ap'^° pin
' each o'puajpa uao ap Cai jnib
a choinrheab a (5)-Caipil chain
acup jan oul co Uearhaip [CGITIQIT? C]
"■ Ciarraidhe of the hill, i. e. CiaiTaidhe ' Ui Chonaill, i. e. Ui Chonaill Gabhra.
Luachra. See page 48, note ', suprd. The See page 76, note '^. supra.
mountains of Sliabh Luachra are in this • File. — See page 78, note ', supri.
territory. " Sliabh Bladhma, Anglice Slieve Bloom,
na 5-Ceapc. 259
Twenty cows and twenty steeds,
Twenty ships to him — no had award.
Entitled is the king of Ciarraidhe of the hill""
To twenty steeds — no cause of great evil,
And three score white cows
And three score cups.
Entitled is the king of fair Ui Chonaill*
To an Easter dress from the king of Caiseal,
His beautiful sword of shining lustre,
And his spear along vnth it.
Entitled is the king of Eile', so it happens,
To [have] his country free as far as Sliabh Bladhma",
And, unless when he makes battles for himself.
He is exempt from furnishing forces beyond each other
kins:.
It is for that reason that to them
The king of Mumha of the great mind cedes it;
It is therefoi-e the men are thankful,
Not to send their feast to Teamhair TEAMHAIR.
•THE THREE PREROGATIVES of the king of fair Caiseal
[are]
To have a queen out of Connacht,
To have a fleet on the ample Sionainn (Shannon),
And to maintain Caiseal.
His three dimbuadha (misfortunes) then [arc]
To proclaim battle upon the men of Laighin,
To feast his visitors at fair Caiseal,
And not to go to Teamhair [Luachra] TEAMHAIR.
a mountain which divides Eile Ui Chear- County from "DppeiOssoiy," in the present
t^haill CEly O'CarroU), in the present King's Queen's County.
82
260
Ceabhap
or>]51t) 6 plaich Cuimnij lip
pleao aipeaj&a, popbailij,
oeich n-oabcha picheao, po peap,
CO n-a (B)-pLiipeac pe ptp leap.
T3i Cua6 muriian in ropaio
olijiD cumain chdipDeariiail,
cpi Deich m-bo'^' acup oa ceac each,
cpi pailji b'op'^-, ni epoch bpearh.
Ceirhpi lonja pe laibinj, —
54 eao ni h-6po anatbinn, —
Oct pciach im each luinj oib-pin,
ba laino acup oa luipij.
Hi olijeanb ace ma6 pine'^^
plaich ^uimnij a ^larhmuine,
ip eajopc a pij [ip6 peo a pip B.] amach'*^,-
acup injean pij Ceariipach , . .
061510 pij Chopco 6aipcinD
6 pij Cuaj muthan caipcill
copn acup oa pichic each,
^bach in pij'^*, ni gu bpearh.
Dlijib uippij5'* Chopcampuab
6 pij Cuao rriuTTian na (D)-cuach
^ Lnimneach This has been for many
centuries exclusively the name of the
city of Limerick ; but ft appears from the
Life of St. Cart'..ach of Lismore, that it was
originally applied to the estuary of the
River Sionainn below the present city, now
sometimes called " The Lower Shannon."
The king of Luimneach is here put for
king of Tuath Mhumha (Thomond). See
the next note.
w Tuath Mhumha, i. e. North Munster,
now Anglice Thomond. According to Keat-
ing this territory extended from Leim Chon-
chulainn (Loop Head ; see p. 75, n. ») to
Bealach Mor (" Ballaghmore in Upper
Ossory"), and from Sliabh Echtghe (Slieve
Aughty, on the frontiers of the counties
of Clare and Galway, see Ui Maine,
page 91, note'') to Sliabh Eibhlinne (now
Sleibhte Fheidhlimidh, jn the county of
ria 5-Ceajir. 261
HE IS ENTITLED from the chief of LuimneacL" of the sea,
To a spleudid, cheering banquet,
Thirty vats, it is known,
With the necessary viands.
The king of productive Tuath Mhuniha"
Is entitled to friendly fidelity.
To thrice ten cows and two hundred steeds,
Three rings of gold, no bad award.
Four ships with a boat,
Even this is not an unpleasant order.
Two shields with each ship of these.
Two swords and two coats of mail.
There is due but only this much
To the chief of Luimneach from Liathmhuine'',
This is the truth in full, —
And the daughter of th§ king of Teanihair [Luachra]. . T.
ENTITLED is the king of Corca Bhaisciun^
From the king of Tuath Mhumha of the marchings
To a drinking-horn and two score steeds.
The king's apparel, no false award.
Entitled is the petty-king of Corcamruadh''
From the king of Tuath Mhumha (Thomond) of the lordships
TipfHTary). The, southern boiindary »( fd thu Eugeiiian or Desmond line. I( would
this great turritoiy is btill [ucservcd in tliat apply very well when the king WiU, of the
of the diocese of Killaloe. line of the Ui Caeimh (O'Keetfes), of whom
^ Lialhmhiiinc. — Tliis is the name of ace- there was a kingof Mnnstcrin 902, namely,
Icbrated place in the parish of "Kilgullane," Fionguine, son of Gorman, who died in that
in the territory of Feara Muighc, (Fer- )ear.
moy, iu the county of Cork) ; but it seems ^J Corca- Bhaiscinn See page 48, note*-',
irregularly introduced here as a distinguish- sitprii.
ing app»llativo of the king of Munster, » Coicanniindh See page fi.'i, n"(r '.
wlien "f thf ]in'> 'T Eoghan, romincnlv i-iill- .luprr).
262 Leabhaji
a poja lumji a\\ 16 ap"'^ peachr,
Da ceac bo acup a beanoachc.
Injean pij Cuao TTluTTian ceno
DO pij Chopcompuao beipim,
coma li-i a bean ap each leach
ap (D)-cochc a (o)-ci5 pij Ueanlpach'"^ C[email^J.
^GQSQ pij ^uimnij leachain
ainimaip"'^ [a maip, B.] op aipo-eacaib,
beich cpiup 1 n-a chocap chain,
acup a pun pe pijain.
CfpioD a buaoa m pij paich
nonbap 'n-a chocap co maic,
paja oealba aip lapcain,
acup a TTieanma'^" a (D)-Ueamaip. , . . C[6mQlR].
oci^it) p^aiuh ci^uachaw, nu ceiV",
oa pichic oabach ac''^ plei6
acup can duI udichib'"^ ann
6 pij uapal na h-GpinD.
Olijib pi 15o^^a in j^opa
a chomain uaoa'"^ anopa,
rpi'"* pichio bo, DO ceao each,
ceichpi pailji — ni opoch bpeach.
Ceichpi cuipn im a m-bia op,
neach beipeap leip co comol,
ip a (b)-FC(5^a'^ '^'"P '"-a''*^ chij
DO plaich Cpuachan in cuipij'".
Ceichpi pceich beapja Dacha,
ceichpi cachbaipp corhoaca,
ceichpi Unpeaclia 'n-a n-Diai6,
ceichpr pleaja co'^^ pap jliaiD.
» (,'aela, i. e. the king of Counacht, who in Ui Maine. This name is now obsolete,
is here called of Gaela, the seat of O'Lomain, but it ainiears from several references to it
iia 5-Cea]ic. 263
To his choice ship on a day of voyage.
Two hundred cows and- his blessing.
The daughter of the king of powerful Tuath Mhuniha
To the king of Corcamruadh I give,
So that she is his wife in every respect
On his coming into the' house of the king of Teamhair (Lu-
achra.) TEAMHAIR.
THE RESTRICTIONS of the king of wide Luimneach [are]
To have his stewards on his noble steeds,
To have but three in his kindly confidence,
And [that he should] communicate his secret to his (jueen.
The prerogatives of this gifted king are ,
That nine should be in his full confidence,
That he be of beautiful form,
And that he aspire to Teamhair TEAMIIAIK.
BOUND IS THE KING OF CRUACHAIN, conceal it not,
To give two score vats at tlic banquet,
And not to depart from them there
From the noble king of Eire.
The king of Gaela* of substance
Is entitled to his return now.
Three score cows, two hundred ateeds,
iiouv rings, — it is no bad award.
Four drinking-horns on which is gold,
AVhich he brings with him to the banquet.
And to leave them in the west, in his h()U!^e,
With the prince of Cruachain of the host.
Four shields of red color.
Four helmets of equal color.
Four coats of mail after them,
Four lances for valiant combat.
Ilinl il Miis mar I/k1i Riacli, or l^nughifu, Mainr, [lagc 31, iK'to '. aiiil Aiiiwils of tli.
in (ialwav. Srr Trihrt; and fustoms "f I'i Four AIa"^l<Ti< at thr vrar !M."'.
264 Leabhap
^eiS DO Chpuacha"^ o'pap p6 cp>,
buai6 DO loinjeap pop'^° Coch Ri;
mdo oia n-oeapna peach each pin
^ebaiD pe co jnac'^' Ceamaip [C.J
t)^lglt) pf h-Ua mdine mop's^
ceichpi ciiipn dIB pe c6rh6l'*\
pici bo acup'** pjchi each
eoach Da ceac, — nf ju bpeach.
t)li^i6 pi h-Ua Piachpach pinD
ceichpi lonja pe laioinj,
[beic mna piceoD, aiobli, buip,
acup cpi cuipn du copnaib,]
[t)li5iD pi na (D)-Uuac Ceopac,
jean ju (B)-perip aneolac],
pichi tnapc ip pichi muc,
pichi rinDi CO rpean luchc'®*.
tDlijio pi Cuijni IdjaiD
ceirhpi pceich co corhparhaib'*'',
ceichpi h-inaip co n-6p [nj-oeapj,
ceichpi lonja, nf epoch beaojs;.
Ni olijeano ache mao pine
6 pi Cpuachan in cachaioe'^^ ; ''
Dleajaio do each Dail map pin
acup a n-Dail CO Ueariiaip C[ernQ113].
^ Loch Ri, otherwise called Loch Ribli ■■ Ui Fiachrach Finn, i. e. the descend -
(Lough Ree), a celebrated lake fonned by ants of Fiachra Fionn, tlie eldest son of
an expansion of tue River Sionainn (Shan- Breasal, son of Maine Mor, ancestor of
non), between Ath Luain (Athlone) and all the Ui Maine. These were seated in
Lanesborough — See Tribes and Customs of Macn-inliagh, a fertile territory lying round
Ui Maine, page 10, note ^. the town of LochRiach (Lough Reagh), in
' Ui Maine See page 106, note i', the south of the county of Galway. See
supra, and Tribes of Ui Maine, pp. 4, 5, 6, Tribes and Customs of Ui Maine, page 70,
and the map to the same work., note ', and page 71, note '.
na 5-Ceapc. 265
It is one of his restrictions that Cruachain should be thrice
ravaged,
It is his prerogative to have a Heet on Loch Ri'';
If he observe each one of these,
He shall usually obtain Teamhair. ../... TEAMHAIK.
ENTITLED is the king of great Ui Maine'^
To four drinking-horns of them for the banquet,
To twenty cows and twenty steeds,
To two hundred suits of clothes, — not a false award.
Entitled is the king of Ui Fiachrach Fionn*^
To four ships with a boat.
Thirty women, large [and] hardy.
And three drinking horns.
Entitled is the king of the Three Tuatha®,
Although the ignorant know it not.
To twenty beeves and twenty pigs,
Twenty tinnes (salted pigs) for his brave people.
Entitled is the king of Luighne' to reward.
To four shields for deeds of valor.
To four tunics with red gold,
To fpur ships, not a bad gift.
'Iliey are not entitled to more than this
From the king of Cruachain, the warrior;
All are thus mutually bound,
And to repair to Teamhair TEAMHAIK.
i
' Thrie Tiiutliu Geiuially i;ill«d Teora his residence at Lissuilorn, noar Elpliiii, wa»
Tiiatha, i. c. the Three Districls. These ()'Man< liaiii (Monahan), hut this family
were Tir Briuiii na Sionna, Cineal Dohhtlia, was dispDsses.seil hy tlie lainilie.s vf O'h-
aiid t'orca Achlann. This tripartite terri- AinHghe(0'Ilanlys)andO'15irn(0'Bcirne«)
tory, called the Teora Tuatha, formed a in the thirteenth century ; sec the Editor's
deanery in the dioeese of F.lphin, comprisinR Ann. IV. ^faj^. a<l .\. D. 1180, p. 8t), n. •',
ten pari.shes. AfU'r the cHlahlislnnent of and MisccU. Ir. Arch. .Soc., p. 271.
surnames the ( liief of this territory, who ha<l ' Lui<ihtic — See page 1 33, note '', .%iipia.
266 Leabhap
O^l^'t) pi TTIibi in niapcaiD
6 pij h-GpJnD CO n-upo blaio
feachc peippeacha chpeBup cip
acup peace (b)-pichic ailbin.
OlijiD pij 6peaj m muipip
pichi each, — ni h-apo puoaip,
acup ni coip a peana, —
CO n-6aoaijiB n-imchpeana.
DlijiD pij na Saione p6
each acup do pichic bo,
uaip ni luju a n-joipi amach
a chotpi acup a oabach.
t)li5i6 pi na n-t)epi anochc
pichi mapc ip pichi mole,
ip blijio pi Cuijni ap pin
pichi each co paoallaib.
OlijjiD pi ^aileanja 501
CO n-a h'lnDpma o'op cheapoai
acup pici ppian pocal
DO chpuan ip do chapmoj^al.
Ip arhlaib pin oleajap be
cuapipcol maichi ITIibe
acup jan a (5)-cleich pe jail,
acup a m-bpeich co Cearhaip.
;5^QSa P15 eoJQin 'n-u dnj
pijan aici a ConDachcaib,
a pic pe h-Qpai6i anall,
acup cacao pe Conall.
K Sailline. — A territory in Fiiiyall, for- page 181, note ", supra.
merly the patrimonial inheritance of the ' Luighne. — See page 18G, n. 1, supra.
family of O'Cathasaigh^ no-w Anglicd Casey. J Gaileanga — See page 188, n. ", supra.
See page 187, note *, supra. ■* Ofcruan, i.e. ornamented witli cninn-
*> Deise, i.e. Deise Teamhrach. — See The word cpuan is explained " buiDe
ria 5-Cea]ic. 267
ENTITLED is the king of Midlie (Meath) the horseuiau
From the king of Eire of high fame
To sevea plough-yokes, which plough the land,
And to seven score flocks.
Entitled is the king of Breagh of the [great] household
To twenty steeds, — no cause of grief,
And it is not right to deny it, —
With fine strong clothing.
Entitled is the king of Saithue^ to this.
To a steed and to two score cows.
For his rising out is not less
Neither is his cauldron or his vat.
Entitled is the king of Deise'', to-night,
To twenty beeves and twenty wethers.
And entitled is the king of Luighne', then.
To twenty steeds with saddles.
Entitled is the king of GaileangaJ to a javelin,
With its mounting of wrought gold,
And twenty splendid bridles
Of cruan"*. and carbuncle.
It is thus are due of him
The stipends of the chiefs of Midhe (Meath), x
And not to be withheld by fraud,
And to be brought to Teamhair TEAMHAIK.
-^ THE PliOllllUTlONS of the king of Eoghan' m his house
To have a fjucen out of Connacht, [ai'c]
To make peace witli tlic Dal Araidlie'" ever.
And war with C'unall".
") betipj^," i.e. yellow and rfil, in old supn).
«il<)hsariu.s, i.e. orange. "' Ual .Iruul/ie — See juigc 23, note ^,
' King nf Eoghan, i. c. of the Cinral Mipra.
Kogliain, or r»cc of lioglian, son of Niall " Conull, i. c. witli llic Ciiieal Clionnill,
•if ilie Nine IloaUiges. See page 34, nolo '. or inhabitants vf the |>rcscnt county of Do-
268 Ceabhaji
Nu aen ap cli6ib poip 6 chij
pij f.afpi cup na laechaib,
pichi ech bo ap a aipceap,
ipe pin a chuapipcol.
Ri Nime acup Ualriian cpen
i CO n-Geapnom uili a oijpeip,
CO pobam co cpean 'n-a rhij
Daij ip aiBni na Ceriiaip CeQftlQlR.
negal See page 23, note p, st(pia. This neal Chonaill, was founded on experience.
prohibition against war, or necessity of and it is ciuious to observe that the " war"
peace, between the Cineal Eoghain and Ci- made by Seaan (Shane) O'Neill on the
na j-Ceapr. 269
Every one who goes eastward from the house
Of the king of Laeise" with the heroes,
Twenty steeds [are given] to him for his joiirney.
That is his stipend.
The mighty King of Heaven and Earth
May we all obey,
May we be mighty in his house
For it is more delightful than Teamhair. . . . TEAMHAIR.
Cineal Chonaill, in 1557, prepared the way and O'Domhnall (O'Donnell), at " Kiu-
to the roin of the Cineal Eoghain; and the sale," in 1602, was the cause of the defeat
jealousy which subsisted between O'Neill and downfall of both races.
piNlU.
VARIOUS READINGS,
SELECTED FROM THE BOOK OF BAILE AN MHUTA (BALLY'MOTE. MARKftD B) AS COMPARFb
WITH THE TEXT IN THE BOOK OF LEACAN (MARKED L.)
[See Temarks in the Introduction, and further at the end of these Various Readings] .
VARIOUS READINGS
IN THE
^easa a^us 6uat)ha Rio^b emeaHN.
PAG£.
pop Dpuim, 2
ciipleim, ib.
eich, ib.
pan, ib.
ceabra, ib.
bpuinoe eich, . . . . ib.
pe pamain, ib.
pe m-belcaine, . . . . ib.
bpi ler, ib.
uaip, ib.
an bliuoam ooimeala m
ceic a n-aiperh c-paejail ib.
4
ib.
ib.
4
ib.
r^p',
coipm,
aipeaj ceopa pleao, .
pciij^e uii. n-aiDche, .
ban maije pene aj a pa-
paj"^'
poceaoal ceapc a caipel
PAGE.
.1, copjaip, 4
imoecccoijeap pleiBi cua ib.
pij connacc, ib.
coipm, ib.
a peapca .i ib.
comluD, ib.
pop acfi caillre. . . . ib.
annao, ib.
laicne, ib.
apo coicpicup ora luain
pop rponi lai^e ceampci, ib.
ace III. cecr ap tDapba, . 4
en, . 6
pianraib leic lap bun-
aipe, ib,
Doipe mic piacna, ... 6
aoall, ........ ib.
cpicao, ib.
uarbap, ib.
272 Various Readings.
^* CuQD a puioe a n-Uifnec To pay for his seat at Uisneach
gaca nil. moo bliaoain i a coma every seventh year, and the same
olegap DO jac u.eo on-Gpmooon is due of every province [provin-
pep Ceampa do oenum Do p'jaib cialking] in Eire, in retur^ for the
epennopij Ueampac -lapanopin Feis of Teamhair being made for
acnaijreap ap eaccpa pijCeam- the kings of Eire by the king of
pa po epmn uile i ap arm no Teamhair ; and it is there the chief
cpenoaip a paioe a n-Uipnec -\ a sovereignty of the king of Tea-
nubpamj pij na cuiceo. 6a pi mhair over all Eire is reacknow-
anluaiDijecc bumoe mao no biD ledged [or renewed], and it was
a laim jaca plara oe op pag- there they purchased their seats
bao ina puioe ol an can no at Uisneach, and their recognition
jleeaD an pep Ceumpa ■] ni im- as kings of their provinces.
luaiDip piaca na cainjne jup m The price was a champion's
peacr n-aile a cino pecc m-blia- ring, which used to be on the hand
Dan beop. Qp oemen cpa bo of each king, of gold. He used to
pijGib 6penn Dia comiloip na leave it in his drinking seat when
geappa pin -] na buaoa ni biao the Feis of Teamhair was con-
cuipel pop a plaicemnap -] ni sumed. And they adjudicated nei-
cicpaD ceiDm na jopca na plaja ther debts nor questions until ano-
na h-ecrpano i ni biao epcpa pop ther meeting at the end of seven
a paejal. Cuan cc.* years.
It is certain to the kings of Eire
that, if they fulfil these restrictions
and prerogatives, that there shall
be no interruption to their reigns,
/ and that neither pestilence nor fa-
mine, nor plague, nor strangers,
shall overcome them ; and that
• ' ■ > their lives shall not be short. Cuan
cecinit.
» This reading should have been inserted in the text, as was done in a Uke case at
pp. 136, 137. The reference 34, in page 6, is misplaced. From the word luag. L.
[luoD, B.] in page 6, to the word " cecinit," in page 8, supr^, is all represented by the
above extract from B.
Various Readings.
273
" ip ine LKi f^ocain,
36
PAGE.
. . 8
uuipe, ib,
'' ce, 10
^ piulbuD, ib.
** apoplara, ib,
*" rebca, ib.
^' maije CuiUenn, . . . ib.
*2 eic, . 12
*• ua lorcairi coilli, . . . ib.
" celpa ib.
*^ DO mu6, 14
46
pepe
ib.
PAGE.
alluD, 18
62
comeacac na cip,
20
*' laijin, ib. i ^■- (his) co ceano,
*^ coicijep lap mip,
*^ Oia ciu^plaraiB,
**• oici bunoD pia, ^ .
16
ib.
18
" uUco, ib.
^ DO pain opeimeip ooppa, . ib.
" miDiD, 22
*^ coicib, ib.
^" implain, ib.
*« oaipbpij, ib.
^' eccfiaep, ib.
^ line, ib.
^' email, ib.
^- ul-lro, 24
. . ib.
. . ib.
. . ib.
. . ib.
*' na puijibcheap, ,
'^ leo ppi, . . .
6i
^obac,
Note The prose in B. only mentions teora (three) geaaa of the king of Laighin,
and as many of his buadha, omitting the first and second of the former and the fourth
and fifth of the latter according to the order of enumeration in the poem. It omits tlie
fourth of the buadha of the king of Connacht, which, indeed, seem to be six, both in tlie
poem, and in the prose in L. So, the fourth of the buadha of the king of Uladh is not
found in the prose in B. It calls the buadlia of the monarch ceithora (four), though it
mentiuos seven, and begins by sajing that his urgliartha are se (six), though it shows
them also to be seven.
The order of enumeration in the prose varies much in both copies from that used in
(he poem ; and the prose in B, differs in its order in many respects from the prose in L.
274
Varioufi Readhufs.
VARIOUS READINGS
IN
ceabbQR NQ ^-ceai^c.
I — Dlisheaoh Pigh Chaifil.
PAGE.
caipil Dibu .1. capail [N. B.
a paper copy of 1713'
reads, nn can nc leip*
apopij ©ipeann. Caipil
bona I. Caipeal] ... 28
piobaioe m can pin, . . ib.
ba gilijcip, ib,
puUnapap, 30
in apopcira, L. an Qpb
Qcbap, B. [wliich is
right], ib.
epipoil [This is manifestly
a mistake in B. for eap-
pcal, which is the word
in the paper copy of
1713], ib.
ciD puil ann oon pin ip
cellpopr, ib-
[do pij muTTian an baile
pin -| bleajaip ciop-] poj-
naiTi B-peap niuman Do
pij Caipil bo J5peap,
Paper copy of 1713], . ib.
a recr, ib.
a roi^ecr, 32
pc. lonja, ib.
PAGK.
'■ oa TTiip, 32
''DO, ib.
" conao oa puioejuo . . . 28
'^ Dun pi ounap oelbnp bu
paino, ...... 34
'® bluiD, ib.
'" (bis) [biacao mip o apb
plair Oilij, bo riiaiciB
muirian. Paper cop)y of
1713], 36
■' can maich,
ib.
ib.
'" ni pcirobo pcic pem [ni
pjiacac a pcir peiom,
paper copy of 1713], . .
-" bu cijeapna,
-■ ceagaic,
^^ o rhuiriB Uomap [o maicib
iDanap. Paper copy of
1713],
"* am capnan,
-* jlinoi bach [jlainne ja,
paper copy of 1713],
"^ ua poileao [nocan paileac,
paper copy of 1713], .
=« Qr
38
ib.
ib.
40
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
Various Eeadings.
275
PAGE.
molcnin, 40
50" 0^'5' ib.
Da, . . 42
nocon ap an oaipe cpa
icaic na cipapa ace ap
ceano, 42
pi h^apm n-apoaip, ... 44
(bis) rpeb na Ioijxid, (line
5, last four syllables), . ib.
ar: bepi6, ib.
canaiD, ib.
aj raiobi, 46
nip pi, ib.
piam, ib.
nip map, ib.
T, 48
jan anuo, ib.
up, ib.
lap lo laijim, . . . . ib.
•ap, ib.
n-ar, ib.
ppinac, ib.
oleccaioe, ib.
cpain, ib.
pin pime po raipi^, ... 50
pailmceclu6(i, . . . . ib.
a Caipiul, ib.
nab bu pi pop Spinn, . . ib.
ip Dec (oec) *' DO popbpla-
mcif, ib.
DI1J516 ban, ib,
ceampaij^ piabe ba, . 52
DO mui^ fi\\^u% comb, . ib.
bo plair, ib.
(/</.v)Cpopcub Ruaoan mac
PAGE.
Peopjupa CO naeriiaib,
(lines 7, 8), 52
'"bo, ib.
'■ mic (C)applainn. [N. B. —
The " C" is added to the
original MS., and a like
interpolation is observable
in the text of the Book
of Leacan in two places], 54
^« b, ib.
^' peapunb, ib.
^ (his) o ia Qr Cliac ju
reach nbuinn (line 10), . ib.
«" aiUe, ib.
Gl
eic, ib.
"- oli^enp, ...... ib.
63
no, ib.
** conbac ipbula laip a ppirh-
car, ib.
" bu pi^ jail lap pippain ap
a cel^ub na chip, . . 56
■^'jaeij, . ib.
"' Ip I in cam blijio, . . . *ib.
"" cpi, ib.
*"" nac ppir paill, .... ib.
'" beannaccu mop, . . . ib.
'" (bis) 51D mop mo ail oepinn
am (line 16), ... . ib.
" nuluim. [N. B. The next
quatrain omitted in B.], . ib.
" (iw)p,pimracup(line4, mif.), ib.
" puil, 58
"' an amcech, ib.
'* puil cpi pi la, .... ib.
■' cuiUiub, 60
T 2
276
Various Beadhu/s.
PAGE.
'■' (bis),
t)ail Cai)^ ni pubcir alen,
po jubuD ppi ppaip pfpen,
oop pab gu hilepoci hep
rijeapna ncambiu 6enen
(lines 5, 6, 7, 8), . . .
"* oo bobeap
amuil pop pajaib, . .
'• rupcujub,
'* ccc. bam. I. luljac a oaip-
F'"e, .
•" Db. bam ud. bpac, . . .
60
ib.
ib.
aip
ib.
62
ib.
*' peapanna pojniab Caipeal, ib.
*^ no a T?airliunn, . . . , ib.
'' conaipe ac-beapc 6enen
in paic inib pip, . . . ib.
*' bia, " ib.
*'^ gad bliaona ju bpar, . . ib.
I' (bis) ara buairib (1. \5,Jin.), ib.
*" puaicnij, ib.
*' ppia, ........ 64
*' bi cop,
cpi caeja ceuo luljac, . ib.
*" cecluaicce, ib.
"" pop, ib.
"' o opvinj, ...... ib.
"^ cpana, ib.
"^ jan oiamaipe, . . . . ib,
bo o na baipbeacaiB, . . ib.
cpan, ib.
(6«5) capuip (line 3, ^n.), . 66
5". ib.
'' Ni olij DO, ib.
"* pojniao, ib.
PACK.
ni olecipjcp, 66
(bis),
SocfipmoipeacmopCaipil
mebpaij lac jach niip,
ni mac plaic ap meann
ITIuriiain,
neacnaccoiMjnicip. CIS. 68
[N. B. The following qua-
train is not in B.]
[N. B. Also the following-
prose and poem, from p. 68
to p. 80, are not in B.]
1 corcupa a pocap,
5paD -| Dilmaine
ap meo nipc -] poplamuip
ap Dilmaine pecca i plo-
jajD ap poipbe -\ ap pop-
bp'5 1 op p'linpipe op
comaiplearii, .... 80
mibigrip, ib.
peancao, ib.
bib ammep, ib.
ac Oail Caip, . . . . ib.
apb maip, ib.
le 516 nnba o'aigebaib, . ib.
malle, ib.
bu pi t)ail Caip cuilbuibe, ib.
ip po pfp, ib.
ni bull), ib.
a cuaiD, ib.
bap apb muipiB, . . . ib.
coip, 82
pa ploij, ...... ib.
lap coip, ib.
ni clepi, . . . . . . ib.
Various Readiiujs.
277
euO cum blu6, .
I'.VOE.
. . 82
"* nac caip, ib.
"" calma, ib.
cam.
ib.
130
I '.'I
-" {bis) muip, ib.
CO pi]i jail (line 16, y?"«.), ib.
'■-' {his) Raiclmo (line 21), . ib.
'" lunna, ....... 84
'-' Donnu a tmara, . . . . ib.
'-' ipcocall jfiiji^poilleoaij.
[N. B. — The next quatrain
is placed later by two in B-]
'-'" comblaoac, ib.
'•■ ^abpa, ib.
me&aij, ib.
""•' cfn pop pueli, . . . . ib.
' in pi leur-juulamn, . ib.
'' eppeao, , ib.
bo caec, ib.
eppeo, ib.
* bpoj^a I pij, ib.
'";c. pinoj^aiU jafi^aioealja, 86
"* ap, ib.
oe, ib.
nanuuice o pi 6penn, . ib.
cuaicle, ib.
"" pecc pceicpecccloiDimccnn
ip pace n-eic ana paonaiB, il)
'" peace cloioriii pecc pcriiolcu
ip peace, ill.
"■ pi fcile riioip, lb.
'" peace pc.i peace cloioim cam
peace rnojaio peace mban-
moouij il'.
1
13
13
132
I3.i
13
I3r
138
I3n
144
145
14«
146
146
147
147
148
149
150
161
152
153
154
155
1.SG
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
161
165
166
167
I6K
I Ml
170
in
172
in
175
PAGE.
Cuileanoan, . . . . %Q
biD peap leigmo e ppia la, ib.
niulciac, ib.
(his) Reca (same line), . ib.
iter) ap bile (line 28, init) ib.
Conamj, ib.
{bis) mvipbolj (line 1), . 88
n-Gca]ibuine, . . . . ib.
ucmaj cuecam, . . . . ib.
Cuaim n-Goen Vlluj Qpail, ib.
loiccfno, .~ ib.
Cpeoua, ib.
Rairfpc, ib.
Raic apo, ib.
t)el5e, ib.
. . . ib.
. . . ib.
. . . ib.
. . . ib.
... lb.
. . . ib.
. . . ib.
. . . ib.
. . . ib.
... 90
ap bill, ib.
m-beapjioin, .... ib.
ba coniap cuan, . . . il>.
conamj ib.
cuip, il'-
pope, ib.
ap nunp ib,
aic, ib.
niulbolj^ j^im ib.
cuip, ib.
h-ui ciiipb,
uD Bap aepa,
t)omun,
a peoDii, .
DO, . . .
niuilciac,
Rfca, . .
le lep 516,
c. cuaij^i, . ,
c. j^leno, .
278
Various Readlnys.
PAGE.
'^^jnoai, 92
'" Llccmaj, ib.
'■' cecain boipne buan bun ,pi, ib.
'•" nepm, ib.
'*" elca Rapano ip pip, . . ib.
'" apea&a, ib.
I'AGE.
"- 510 cpeja (last line), . . 92
"* oelge-cep (line 2,/?i.), . 94
"** beanncpaije jpegpaioe
opbpaioe -| b ui cuipib
apa pfp, ib.
II — Oligheaoh Pish Cpuachann.
PAGE.
annpo.t.mop cipa Connacc
eoip b)acu6, 96
' cope, ib.
'Mm ib.
-j rn hap DQipe inn pin ace
ap peap peupuno, . . ib.
UM. I. caepac, . . . . ib.
a rip, . ib.
ap I05, ib.
na bia, . ib.
DO pin, 98
na op coll, ..... ib.
jan bm peam dju noeaj-
cuaroib, ib.
j^ach aen 01a nolij Dipli, ib.
ni eel, ib.
aipo pi, ib.
Ob jfn, ib.
1 u. ;c;c. Uil.gaeb, .... ib.
o cineao gpfjpaibe glam
bu copacca co cpuaeham, 100
imip
ini.
ib.
cpi;c^t. cope rfnb mail, . ib.
bo beapap, ib.
jan buB, 102
PAGE,
, 102
. ib.
. ib.
. ib.
. ib.
. ib.
. ib.
. 104
. ib.
. ib.
^- 1 peap, ....... ib.
^^ a cabaipc jach naen nuaipi, ib.
** Du pi iTiuije hai, . . . ib.
*^ ip mop jliaiD, . . . ib.
^^ cnbeap 00 pi olnejmeacc, ib.
*^ gan anpopup, ib.
** ip 00 Delbn, blejaip pin,
ou pi connucc gu cpua-
eham, ib.
^" ip bo bealbnaib noco bpej
blej^aip m cam Da coirhfo, 106
'" iminboD in peapuno paen-
jeal, ib.
" mmbub cap ceano a cipe, ib.
''l;c;c., 106
^- buan I bpac, . . ^. .
■^' aracup,
-' pipm pij pope, . . .
-^ a cabaipc la beallcame,
-'" -^an anpip, ....
" lap lo alle, ....
^* Ppi ppiCDUTTl, ....
-" eia bo beapab, , . .
^'' a cip,
'' noco niub lujjne, .. .
Various Readings
279
PAGE.
cia DO beapap in cam caevii
o huib maine nu maj
paen, 106
jan comlano, . . . . ib.
na clann, ib.
comlann, ib.
hua bpmin noco bpej am-
blao, ib.
na cacc, 108
cam, ib.
ploinnpfc, ib.
imjlec, ib.
olijio, ib.
olejaip, ib.
no 1 compaiccib, . . . ib.
munab, ib.
*' " In can nacleo piji ucuaio,
la pil aeba ipjuaipe jUiuip
ipann leo jan cpuo cam
leac-jualu Ian pi cpuu-
chain 110
lllaic po piiaip 6enen ju
beacc,
an eolupa na neceapc,
ploinopeacy^a ouib cpe buio
in bil,
a oame anu eipbij^. .
[N. B. The interveiiiu
raiMi is not in B.]
oo rufipapclaib,
on peapamo, ....
lb.
ib.
110
I'AGE.
ana, . 110
ip puioiu po bic, conuD, . ib.
ou jubail, . . . . ib.
naemu, ib.
pair, ib.
pogniac, ib.
uii., 112
Cuapupcla C0151&, . . . ib.
Dia, ib.
FPN ib.
nil., ib.
nil. mna
nil. luipecu ppi a la, . ib.
pop a linj, 114
nimjell, ib.
epoeapja, ib.
luaijni (corrected to lui
5"')' ib-
caicim, ib,
jap^a jlaip ^eala, . . . ib.
na cop on caiU. [N. B. —
This figure '^ should be at
the end of the first line
of the UQ^t rann which
precedes this iii B.], . . ib.
nac clae, ib.
mblabai^, il>.
{his) ;c. neic-| i^'^y P'luij^ .,v.
cl., ib.
ppi, . .
miii;^e bai.
116
ib.
280
Various Readings.
III. 1.— Oli5lieat)h Pigli Q1I15I1.
PAGE.
' -| a cuapapcla i. a cipooib, 118
' (bis) c. tnapc c. cope I. bo, ib.
^ DO., ib*
' in piiici pe la 6enfn, . . ib.
* cpica, -.120
o cuaic paca,
. . . ib.
;^.;j;;c;c., ib.
' blaca, ib.
^ in cuipt), ib.
" na, ........ ib.
'» baiD, ib.
122
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
124
" ni bai6 nimnm, ....
"^ CO mbain imlib, . . .
'^ ppip caiUcip cuaib, . .
o cianacc in cpuao cojaib,
cibnajaip,
cope,
" jan luije, ib.
"* Hi olejaip, ib.
'" gabaip, ib.
•'"no, ib.
'' cpom, ib.
'^ nocho pai nacha paipij, . 126
PiS^, ib.
cuinjeaba ceapc, . . . ib.
Qp lac po pojla, . . . ib.
ono, . • ib.
PAGE.
pa oe pin in can nac, . .126
piun bno, ib.
rl^eja, ib.
pi., ........ ib.
pi., 128
compamo, ib.
Q pip Dia noechup pa cuaio
CO, ib.
er-, it>.
jualaino, ib.
cpeach, ib.
cpuooapcaip, ib.
in TTiuipn, ib.
ui. eoco,
pe, . .
uii. ntc.
130
132
ib.
ib.
re,
ailli ppt baijib, . . . . ib.
pfn, ib.
cpi, ib.
Diaoi 5 pTip, ib.
P ib.
comola, ib.
a cuaiD, ...... 134
a libap cu lep, . . . . ib.
ipi pcpibup, ib.
Various Headings.
281
III. 2 Dlislieaoli Righ Oipshiall.
PAGE.
caecuip, 134
no, ib.
rejaiD. [N. B The refe-
rence ^ has been dropped
from the text. The reader
will supply it to the last
line of the page but one,
where for na ceij- in L.
we have mai rejaio in B.
The sentence following
has been inserted at page
136, in full, from both
copies],
ar peajgain,
blejaic,
ceacaip,
pum,
ipeao po cula,
nacap cino pojrhaip
ppi bpuinne buana, . .
Se c. a Docomlub. . .
pe c. DOib aheappac, .
TTIciD lui licecippum,
a njnimaib ^eimlij
Ml ole^ap Dib pium, . .
airepe ann Oipj^iciU,
je ib.
oia nela, ib.
ip pip inp ponoa, . . .
la CoUu niecnin Dacci, . ib.
O cecichiio eptimrun^,
CO popvim nun ceam, . . 112
ni huinmep il>.
ib.
136
138
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
140
PAGE.
(bis) buD eippin (end of
second line of the prose,
for fooepin), . . . .142
-| a neiOiuD ooib -\ a mber
po puinib pij, .... 144
mappopluipeo, . . . . ib.
Du pi h. m-6pain QpcaiU, ib.
DU pi leicpinn, . . . . ib.
ui., ib.
poip, ► ib.
conio Da cDiTitfc na pocup
pin po pi^, - ib.
ploinopiD oe, 146
pfncup cloinne caeim Caip-
ppe, ib.
abpao, ib.
allaim, ib.
jan cuibpig, ib.
cojap, ib.
jeiban jlap, ib.
in, ib.
DU, ib.
naeb, 148
u!., ib.
copprap caem ib.
dIij^id uippi iKi noprain, . 150
apcaill, ib.
pe hec blip rpiuin ppi co^-
puim
j'e moj^aiD nac cael iincam
pe mna naepa Dia noi^-
licnl ib.
cpi cuac opcip, .... ill.
282
Various Readings.
PAGE.
" pua cpniich., 152
" 0I1516, ib.
''a, ib.
" oip ]x., ib.
"lop, ib.
« am, ib.
"" caca, ib.
^' u. lonja u. Imp.
r
ui. cl. cama^
m
l-UI. PI
piD.
Ul.,
Oip, ....
poip, ....
cu mop baruip,
Dia, ....
PAGE.
marg. <{ ui. pino mna |> . 152
154
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
III. 3.— Oligheaoh Rijh Ulat).
PAGE.
nac pi e p. ep. a leaclam
-| jupub e bup copac co-
jaip 1 coiTTiioeucca ineaS
Bfp a pail pi ep. ■] in can
mupjepac, . . .
' bu pi aenoapc oi cein,
* bail buinne, . , .
^ conall. aipjic, . .
* Du pi Duibcpum, . .
' 00 ^ni,
* na hupjaile, . . .
^ a cearhpaiT^, . . .
'" na mbuainpleao,
" Caeja cl. I. eac noono
I. bp. I. cocoll
1. pcmj^ noumeuc nbara,
I. luip. Ian cara.
'-pc. longa ppi lun rpeap
'■■ na piao bpec,
'* nuabuaip, . . .
'a.
154
156
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
158
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
PAGE.
'* pici bp. ni beaj ini, . . 158
"* cpi niog. cpi mna baepa, 160
Ian caerha, ib.
Ian Til fpa, ib.
pi o neapcDu cein^ . . . ib.
re, ib.
^' pe cuipn pe claioirh cojaio
pe mojaio pi mop obaip, 162
" oail buinoi bain, . . . ib.
^' mepa, ib.
'* caicmec, < ib.
^' ni plciib, ib.
'•^ cona ppianaib pfn aipgic, ib.
"' ppl'in, 164
na pcaiceann pluai^) . '. ib.
ce mbennaib, . , . . . ib.
Ian cennuij, ib.
*' jan uiop pach ib.
" occ mna occ neic Donna, . ib.
" baipce mbile, .... ib.
*' rpi, ib.
Various Readings.
283
PAGE.
ceanu, ....... 164
aen jeala, ib.
coba cairn, ib.
ocuip, ib.
Dia, 166
am, ib.
baipce, 168
piala, ib.
I, ippair, ib.
aline, ib.
cpi, ib.
a larapnaib, ib.
a cpocpije, ib.
ap in bpfouij, . . . . ib.
o moncaib, ib.
je mocab, ib.
leopibe, ib.
rupjnani, ib.
S3
S4
6j
AS
57
5S
39
UO
ei
62
63
64
65
6<J
67
68
69
PAGE.
-\ uamnai juc baru, . . 168
iDlijeao aipbpi emna ip
ul., ib.
1 muij, . 170
^an bine, ib.'
ploino 6u cac, . . . . ib.
po, ib.
cope aca ula, ib.
oil. o cpocpije, . . . . ib.
DojpaiD, 172
a na, ib.
cia, . . . ■ ib.
moncaiB, ib.
ab, ib.
ib.
ccc.
na coipcaip, ib.
CO mil bpij jop an pij, . ib.
ana, 174
IV — Dlijlieat)}! T^ijh Ueanilipach.
DU pij5 cuar miDi,
ou pi laij5pi,
DU pi peap ceall,
DU pi peap ceabca,
caiU poUariiain;
ou pi Delbna, .
conuD De pin, .
a ceampaij^, .
pop Uirt riiebpai^.
ceiniipac, .
Umn.
PAGE.
176
ib.
ib.
iV).
ib.
ib.
ib.
178
ib.
a.
" B. has here both the readings
inserted in the text, and
also ec repeated, between
them. It is plain that tlie
last three words in B. are
alone the true text, .
" lae^uipe,
'' irprn |ii,
PAGE.
. 178
ib. ' "• Ctiille 6uc6acli,
il>
' S'Hl
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
IHO
284
Various Readings.
PAGE.
ceubctt, 180
Debra, ib.
bia [N. B. the two quatrains
following not in B.], . . ib.
caille an oUanri, . , . 182
Qc pom cuap ib.
1-, ib.
ac bip piL, ib.
ip an dIij., ib.
CuGjiapcla pij cuar mioi
po paiD| earn, . . .^ . ib.
ona, ....'.... 184
roj^aib, ib.
pme, ....... ib.
nuna, ib.
cobai 5 na canapa, . . . ib.
jap mbuom, ib.
po paiD, ib.
mme, . ib.
map pojnac bo ceampaij
caip, ib.
po pealbca, ib.
o 6arii beipi, ib.
&li j)6 pi ceariipuc na cuar,
PAGE.
;c;c;:. cpaiii ni tip bpacup,
•?^;x.;c. mole maii a naipim,
bo pi miDi mop pailio. . 184
a moip pine, ib.
cemaip, 186
papjBa, i ib.
0 bpaicpiB na bopb luijne, ib.
C. papbpac o na paibnib,
c. cpana ip cpoo pip raicio
1 c. mapc ap muigib,
la c. mole oia mo.ipai ji6, 1 88
C. a cuipcnib, . . . . ib.
loma oupi luiDip liac bpo-
ma, ib.
pailleanb, ib.
DU claen pair po cuala-
baip, ib.
o, ib.
nocop Dub DuepaiD, . . . ib.
pcpc:;:. Xiid^a^ oarii ip baipe,
;x:;c;c. luljac Ian buioe. . ib.
Ix. mapc Dun mop culaij, 190
1 ceaiiiaip (last linebut one), ib.
a haipb cip (last line), . ib.
v.— OlislieaobPijhCaijhean, agup UiomnaChacImeip
m]i6i|i.
PAGE.
' '5^S 192
^ in painpepce, ib.
^Qip, ib.
* cam m mmo mop aicnio
PAGE.
maipee mo mac minjop . 192
ppi ceamap (last line but
one), ib,
la mbuan mucaib, . . .191
Various Beadings.
285
.PAGE. I
gopbao buioni beanacra, 194 1
Dubaipc, ib,
ip lap, ib.
Doipe m-bappac, . . . ib.
CO n Dananup, . . . . ib.
pui6 aipenac, . . . . ib.
na j^uib epic al. peoou ao
comaipce, ib.
bpeirpi, ib.
a, ib.
CO mbao ma copobop ronj^
gailianaib jap, . . . ib.
DO, ib.
ono for Din, ib.
pip paipe cen pucaipe, . 196
epi5F>o, ib.
caerpoc, ib.
lama, ib.
bubapc bo a peDam pooe-
pin CO lin a pualaip, . ib.
-| apbeapc ppi ceran, . . ib.
Dum ceouc cpi6e acaip, . ib.
Dun, ib.
je beir peal, .... ib.
\1an15a1ne, ib.
jfn imjlinne, . . . . ib.
aip ni moineac, .... 198
cluicecuip, ib.
lim a Ian rhaipi, . . . ib.
a cualaip, ib.
cpi mepci Fpia, . . . . ib.
P'P"r» ib-
pealb peapb, ib.
ap meao ipimnaip, . . . il).
airip, ib.
PAGE.
mo eoco, 200
ceclannpap, ib.
rpeoip, ib.
cuipjeboac nipobap map, ib.
ni po, ib.
a bparaip, ib.
Of. ib.
a ib.
. . . ib.
. . . ib.
. . . ib.
huatp DO pair, ....
ba,
a hachap,
pai mip jaca bparaip,
DiiiD -| paiDi .uii. mbliaona
larh pop,
po jnipinD,
milceouib,
Capman, .
aipD miDin,
CO lucr maipe, . .
ap mo piaco apDmijnio,
Dno,
na m-bparap, . . .
piaco ba haicio,
olejap jan eocli, . .
anupm,
conDpocaip, ....
luaijne,
ib.
ib.
ib.
202
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
204
ib.
ib.
ib.
Dno., ib.
nal, ib.
Cacaip mop in popap uc, ib.
ba, ib.
ConiD Doib pin po cacain, ib.
cpia cuaicle na ruapipcail, ib.
uip buD acuiob, . . . . ib.
pa.
ib.
286
Various Readings.
PAGE.
" pe lenna ap m Lairippe, . 204
'" &ia, 206
■' lap cuill., ib.
■^ on laec pin, ib.
'" This figure is misplaced.
'" in aipioen, ib.
*" {his) nacaipijfo, end of line
14, ib.
*' pe tjaiTTi luaca leorrieaca, ib.
'' na, . 208
" pe pailje apaino bu pi Rai-
penb, 210
. ib.
. ib.
. ib.
. 212
. ib.
. ib.
. ib.
. 216
'* Dun riiiliope,
"' cop numaij,
*" po6opc,
"' aj Oino jabpct, . . .
*" ap cop a»p ap aijib,
'*" ppi cocojao, ....
"" menn mopa, ....
"' ina noeajpomal,
■'■- pecuipn beci m u njlac-
caib, ib.
•'^ ip IOC cuap. laec laij.
alam> jlainmapjelcopaD, ib.
"* pop jallaib ceacamup cup
na cana pa .i., .... 218
"■* cc, . . . . . . . . ib.
"" o cojaiprib na ngpao pene, ib.
"■ ma ppepair caega ma ce-
cio 1 no pin DO coibeppoppo, ib.
I, ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
220
98
99
pap, . . •
'"° ap a n-olij,
"" ip eon'^abla,
*"* ip GO. bo, .
104
105
106
107
108
PAGE.
oil. c. bpac noco bpej,
ip c. cope ip cpom 1 cpeo, 220
nail, ....... ib.
caema, ...... ib.
ace o poipb, ib.
a, ib.
ni icoio u. pailji naip,
cip no canaio no curhail
Gu pi laijean ma lai ap
peer
ace cuiD ai6ci ap aibacc, ib.
na, ib.
bona, ib.
nScpP' ib.
cc. mbpac cc. mbo mbic
blicc, ib.
5U, . . . . . . . .222
ip lac pin opa, . . . . ib.
na, ib.
a coipcecc, ib.
F", ib.
blejap, ...... ib.
gen ceap, .' ib.
ap, ib.
be ouinib, ib.
cip Du cunnu ip nemio, . ib.
cip ounaij ip bpolcao, . ib.
pii, ib.
caen, ib.
belm, 224
a peapono, . . \ . . ib.
Noco olijfnb geb cino, . ib.
pill na piupcap pip pin,
acip ip a cuap ib.
picron, ...... ib.
Vrmoiis Beadinqs.
287
131
132
13.1
134
13.-.
I3fi
i:i:
138
13S
140
141
PAGE.
na, 224
cviapipcla cipa coipc. . . ib.
po, , i'b.
amail pop pajaiB 6enen
(line 20), ib.
511 coipacc, 226
ba, ib.
muc aeoil pacaij, . . . ib.
na moip f lac, . . . . ib.
Qoa^ap ju hua oeocaij, ib,
Dia 228
jup epijj ma becaio, . ib.
142
143
U4
143
146
147
148
149
130
131
PAGE.
aonajuo, 228
ppona pain, ib.
pop paccao, ib.
neopao, ib.
nopceppofpi Duib oeamon, ib.
Pacbuim pop an ur uilel, 230
b. 01a oalcaib jonnaf, . ib.
in bun ap a ranaj ruaio,
ni paba a pi po buaib, . ib.
a jaiUe, ib.
clann, ib.
f See note at the end.
VI beannachc phaOjiuij, ajnp Cea|ic Piogh Gipeann
a o-Ueamliiiaigli.
PAGE.
' bail, 234
■^oaice, ib.
' ce, ........ ib.
'' piapapa cipa 1 cuapapcla, ib.
'ap, ib.
" ulujaip, ib.
' [N. B. — The figure ' is
misplaced in line 7], • • 236
* a caen cuijfo a cuije-
oaib ol banba noc, . . ib.
* peaccap, ib.
'" jac ripe a ci^ ip ano a pai, ib.
"eb ib.
'* anap caipoine, . . . . ib.
" no ap map aicme minab, ib.
" r^'S'sQ"' i^'-
'» peupunD, 238
X' oanof^ peapaiB,
" ceampaij cinn,
'^ reaccpai jfp Gp.,
•'-' bpaenui^e, . .
ceac,
PAGE.
. 238
. ib.
. ib.-
. ib.
. ib.
. ib.
ib.
" conuvje,
22 bepion, '. ib
" Dib| lun jiall
** DO bpeich 00 pun co cfm-
r"'5'
** paep popuD, ....
"^ no 50 pipa Da cmpe, . .
" no cupoa ceapr peap ceapc
nee CO nac beapa, . .
00 eijpib,
b.
ib.
b.
h.
" 00 eijpib, ib.
** ceapna cojciD cam, ap
fluag, ib.
288 Various
i
PAGE.
'" 1 ceamaip, 240
•'' mina pQiJ"" F^" pe jctit, ib.
^^ op bpua linni luacjamni, ib,
" Tneo na pleD) olejap ann, ib.
'' licinD, . ib.
" F"'P'5' ib.
^^ a cinol, ib.
" ap a napoap, . . . . ib.
'' 'pe pin, ib.
^^ mac min placa, . . . ib.
*° na bab olc do, .... ib.
*' oea^ai}, ib.
'* Dun cploj, ib.
« a lear, . ib.
** Fpi, ib.
'* oppo, ib.
*^oo, ib.
^' poipm pinna, o pibcel-
laib, 242
*^ ComleruD a ai jchi, . . ib.
'^cain, ib.
*" inn placa, ib.
*' conalcaib, . . . . , ib.
** Dun pij pin ju mop, . . ib.
^' DO pa coja, ...... ib.
** ma6 ba pab in aen coma, ib.
** pa caem cip ec, . . . 244
*^ maipec, ib.
" cupaib 1, ib.
^8 Doib moip, ib.
^9 poppinn, ib.
^ a mbiDip beic (end of
line 11), ib.
"' caeb jlaine, ib.
^ ni bmunn i nfrhcni, . . ib.
Readings.
PAGE.
^^ lap pin ceb prriii ba caij, 244
^* CO na cacaib, . . . . ib.
^' DO popcuo 5u pobail, . ib.
""ooij, ib.
^ apcap ipe ap cupju a
- cuap ib.~
^' i^e lappaijdieap, . . . ib.
^^ uUcaib, ib.
7° pop leic, 246
'' caba, ib.
'' ui'., ib.
73 -| peace pleja pop lee, . ib.
''*' olijib conall co coimofip,
lap noco gabonn a mbaio, ib.
7' oipjiall, ib.
7^ puibi m jac du ap a be-
laib, ib.
57 a ec -| coja eoaij, . . . ib.
^^ ca nimab a ploij, . . 248
^ na cai j,
conoecao leip co ceam-
pa'5. ib-
"o aluinn, ib.
^' -| a lann Ian mebpa, . . ib.
*- bopun 1 cenn cuipc, . . ib.
83 oecpain ba pobaipc, . . ib.
^* paip linne, ...... ib.
8' ap loc pinn • ib.
^ Q buaba, ib.
^ a coinmeao cape, . . . ib.
»^ cpe Doij, ib.
8^ ima injfnpai j, . . . . ib.
50 ai5i ap, ib.
5' njlap puap, ..'... ib.
^ lapeap, ...... 250
Various Readings.
289
'^' a paip a reampcnj,
'^Flej,
''F'T'S' • . . .
96
ruipc,
PAGE.
. 250
. ib.
. ib.
. ib.
^ acaiD inbofi rai j,
aca lempa do mebaip, . ib.
!N
po pij CO par par,
ib.
* lepiun CO cuachaib, . ib.
'""in, ibi
"" lap, ib.
'<« leapjjaib, ib.
"^ lap naipe pean Ga papcuo, ib.
mao a Cennpelacaib, . ib.
bep a placup Ian rhopa, . ib.
"* poDail, ib.
'"" Dojnacaib pij poo, . ib,
"^ occ, ib.
I(M
105
loO
a.
ib.
"« a, • .252
'" Dfjnuall, ib.
"- cama "^an cleir, . . . ib.
"^ (bis) oecaib maire, . . ib.
'" 1 nil. cpuao cloibearh, . ib.
"^ (bis) comoaire, . , . . ib.
"< na nee, ib.
'" pin, ib.
'"^ buaoa, ..... ib.
"^ cor b'p'Jf'SP'^ <^"r "CI rpen
cip, ib.
"'' bo pep in lino, . . . , ib.
119
in.
lio
ib.
ib.
il>.
jan ceac i naip, . . . ib.
'" olej^ciip on pi nn, . . . ib.
'"• mil Jjficd mipco rfinpriij^, ib.
aepuD, .
'" coriipfjao,
122
PAGE.
. 254
caippreac, il).
"^ DO comaiDeam a pleioe, ib.
'" Dul DO ruarhaib na,
1«6
1S9
1^9
cecc 1,
ep.
ib.
ib.
'3' pa,
ib.
ib.
"* FU'P'5. ib.
'" pip oeap, ib.
"' n« rij, ib.
•« D' pfjain, ib.
'^*' 1 jan Dula ap apcap, . . ib.
'^7 no ju pajao, . . . . ib.
'^'olij^n ib.
''^ ap cuinn, ib.
'*" o pi apail, ib.
'" occ, ib.
'<' cpebap cip, ib.
'^^ 1 occ;:;c. ailbin, . . . ib.
'^* Qcaipe UQD du caipel, . ib.
'^* caebcaipean, . . . . ib.
'^^ combeD, 256
'^'' I jniriia CO njail, . . . ib.
'^^ Da macaib pij p oa pijaib, ib.
149 (These lines are transposed
inB).
'^0 in aen lo, . . . . . . ib.
'*' a luipeac pa f^a. ... ib.
'** oa eac mairi in opocbeoj, ib.
'" comain compamaij, . ib.
'*' DO ip, 258
'" qii cmpn -| cpi, .... ib.
'^ a lann pijoa co pinn njlan, ib.
137
na pappao.
ib.
ip muna cecca cur cam,
ecrpa nip peac pi^dib. il).
II
290
Various Readings.
. 159
PAGE.
aijniD apt) rhoip. . . . 258
"■^ lap, ib.
'^' cpi yi^. bo, 260
[The following rann not
inB.]
l62
l63
Dip,
ib.
ib.
fame,
164 , pg peo a pip ) mac, . . ib.
16,
"■ DO C.
ib.
\66
167
mop an &I151D pi, . . . ib.
po,
262
'®* gupub ) a bean pe gac
pleij
-| a peap » cempaij, . . ib.
'® amaip, ib.
''° comoair
poja noelba ep pe jail
1 a pum, . . . ' . •. . ib.
'^' cpuacna ni eel, . . . . ib.
'" na, ib.
'^3 uacao, ib.
5a,
'■'' Cpuacna in cinio,
178
ISO
191
PAGE.
'7< UOD, 262
'7'oa, . ib.
>76^r, , ib.
. ib.
PN . . ib.
'79 cpuacu, 264
ap, ib.
ma oa nbeapna
ju gnnc pain
ni jeba gu bpac, . . ib.
'^^ in mal,
'^^ nil. pceic baca ip oegoal,
'8* 00 ip,
'85 gu cpen uc, ....
'8^ com pajaib, ....
'*'' o plaic cpuacna cnfpji,
[N.B. — The nine ranns fol-
lowing, to the end, are not
in B. ; that copy finishes
at the foot of fol. 154,
a. b., as follows:
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
piHiu. ameH. so^am o t>Roma womiHe S5R16S]D].
The folloAving remarks on the style of writing observed in the two
MSS. (I/, and B.) which have been now the subject of comparison, may
interest the critical Irish reader. They are offered in addition to what
has been said at the close of the Introduction.
1st. As regards as'piration. The dot, as a mark of aspiration, is
seldom used in those MSS., and even more sparingly in L. than in B.,
though the latter is rather the more ancient MS, The letter h, to
denote aspiration, is frequently used, but its use is strictly confined
to three cases, viz., ch, ch, and ph. This last is rather of rare occur-
rence, for the ktter p itself is infrequent in the Irish language, and its
aspirate of course still more so. The aspirates bh, bh, ph, 5b, mh,
ph, do not occur once in either MS.
Various Readings. • 291
The cause of this plainly was, that the school of writing in which
the scribes were trained was a Latin school, in which ch, ph, and ch
(following the Greek aspirates ;tj, (p, 6), alone were i;scd; the other
aspirates, hh, dh, &.C., were unknown to the Greeks and Romans, and
were therefore considered inadmissible by the Latin scribes.
For the same reason, in forming Latin names, Teamhair became
Temoria; Laighin, Lagenia; Uladh, Ulidia; j\Iumha, Moraonia; Breagh
became Bregia; Laeghaire, Loegarius; Ruadhan, Rodanus, &c. <S:c.
But Ard Macha preserved its form, the aspirate being already knoAvn
in the Latin tongue; and Muireadhach became Muredachus, in which
the aspirate dh was commuted to d, while ch was preserved.
That the habits of the L-ish scribes were Latinized will further
appear from an inspection of some of the contractions in common use :
for instance, i for acup, p for ace, t for no. These are obviously Latin,
viz., 1 ^) r *^^' ^ ^'^^' 'Corresponding in meaning with the three Irish
particles just mentioned; and in the MSS. these Latin contractions are
introduced into the body of Irish words, to express, at one time, the let-
ters of the Irish particles, and at another the letters of the corresponding
Latin particles. Thus, -jip stands not for acup ip, but enp, i. e. lOip,
between; so conp stands for Connacr, and catme for cunotne. So u
is used for the Irish nnoppo, corresponding with the Latin vero^ which
it represents.
The omission of the dot in writing, or of h in a Latin name, can
seldom be taken against other evidence as proof that aspiration was
not used. The constant use of ch and ch in these I\ISS., and the
occasional use of the dot, determine the usage of the language at the
time; and it will be fovind that the habit and rules of the language, as
regards aspiration in speaking, have varied in little or nothing from the
fourteenth century to the present time.
In editing Leahhar na g-Ceaii, the omitted dot has been generally
supplied, but not over initial capital letters, for the use of the dot
over capitals is inconvenient in printing; but where, in the case of a
capital letter, aspiration is connected with the construction of tlic
language, as when used between one part of speech and another, to
mark their mutual dependence, an h has been inserted, but always in
a parenthesis (h), as it was determined to print the text without the
addition of a letter; as in o m(li)upcpnihiH, rip R(h)niTioin. no-in'
I 2
292 Various Readings.
t)(h)aipe, a t)(h)aipe. In similfir situations, after C and C the
text already possessed the h, as 6 Chiappaioib, icip Uherhaip ip C\a-
rhain. But when there was no such government the parenthetical (h)
has not been inserted, as t)eap ^ulSmp for Deas Ghabhuir. The dot
found in the MSS. has in sOme cases been pi'eserved over the initial
capital, as 6 Peapaib Qpba, p. 186; do j'll Piuchach, p. 204; bo pi§
Popchuach, p. 206.
Secondly, as regards eclipsing. We find that the proper eclipsis has,
Avith almost perfect regularity, been inserted in three cases, viz., before
b, D, and 5, i. e. by mb, no, and nj; or, as we have printed them, m-b,
n-b, and n-5; also in the corresponding prefixing of n before voAvels
in similar situations, as n-a; thus, peace m-bpuic, occ Ji-oum, nae
n-jabpa, beic n-eic.
In the cases, however, of words of eclipsing poAver occurring before
the consonants c, p, p, c, eclipsis is never used in these MSS.
Now this occurs, not because the eclipsing sound was not adopted
in these cases, just as much as in those we had just noticed, but
from quite a different cause. It will at once be seen that the conso-
nants c, p, p, c, are those in which, in the succeeding century, the act
of eclipsing was designated by a simple reduplication of the consonant,
viz., by CO, pp, pp, cc; and there is no more doubt that the single let-
ters in o^ix text, in the eclipsed situations, were sounded exactly as
they are now pronounced, than that those redoubled letters were so ex-
pressed: and thus, peachc claibim, ochc pailji, in the fourteenth
century ; peace cclaibirh, occ ppailji, in the sixteenth century; and
peace j-claiDirh, ocr b-pailje, in the eighteenth century, are the same.
The parenthesis has also been used to exhibit this eclipsis to the
reader, and the text appears thus: peace (5)-claiDiTh, oce (B)-pa»l5i.
Thirdly, as regards the accent, or mark of long quantity. The adop-
tion of this improvement, which enables the reader at once to enjoy
his text by being informed how the best scholars of the age consider
that it ought to be expressed, stood free of all difficulty. Not a single
accent is discoverable in the entire text, either in B. or L., and therefore
no disadvantage could here arise from the adoption of the accent.
Fourthly, as regards the use of the voivels and consonants in these
Manuscripts.
The diphthong 00, or triphthong aoi, never once occurs in the
Various Readings. 293
entire work; ae is the form generally used, occasionally oe; therefore,
^>aejuipe, and sometimes Coejdipe, never ^aojaipe. Theae is used as
a hroad diphthong, though ending in a slender vowel, and no confusion
results from the use of it. Instead of aoi, aei occurs several times;
very often a\ in which the i is long, and it is accented cii in this edition,
as in Ccirhaip, oaipe, paipe.
The diphthong eu never once occurs. It was subsequently invented
as a substitute for ea, and very uselessly, as the use of the accent was
prefei'able to a change in orthography.
The modern diphthongs io and lo never once occur. The simple
vowel 1 is used, and the reader is supposed to understand that it ends
broad. Thus we have pil, not piol; Cjifpc, not Cpfopc; pip, cip, cipaib,
rpicha, not piop, cfop, c'opuib, cpioclia, c^-c.,.in such words there was
little or no occasion ever to have introduced the "o." In words
whose terminations take the slender inflexion, it might, indeed, l)e said
tliat the distinction afforded between lo (broad) and i (slender) is an
advantage, as if the Nom. be made Caipiol, and Gen. Caipil; or Gen.
©ipiorm and Dat. 6ipmn. But in such cases a much better rule Avould
have been to have adhered steadily to the Gen. Gipecinn and Nom. Cui-
peal, and to have reserved the ©ipinn and Cuipil for the slender ter-
minations. The form ©ipeann (Gipeant>, Gpeanb) occurs oftenest,
but it must be admitted that Gipinn, GpniD, &c., in the Gen. also are
often found here.
The simple e for the diphthong ea, terminating broad, occiirs very
often; but on the whole it appears, that at the date of these MSS., the
use of eci was decidedly prevalent, and a great advantage was gained
thereby, for whether the ect (unaccented) eci (e accented) or ea (a ac-
cented) be intended, the u always governs or influences the sound.
In the same way the simple e is often used where ei is used at other
tnnes, as Gle for Gile, 6pe for ©ipe, ec for eic, bech for oeich, pc^ch
lor pceich.
A final I occurs frequently for a final e, as TTlui^cpaiDi for niii|c
paioe.
There are varinus words in wliich irregular vowels are found, iis
cii<ipi)"cln for ciKipapcla; so ?;" (!>.) fiT j^o. ^
AVith respect to consonants there is a very general mm- of the jni-
niary (s|.iral() mute (c) for tlu' nirdial (vocal) letter (?;) of the fr^ainc
294 Various Readings.
organ; as acup (iu L.) for agup (which occurs in B.); co for 50, ceac
for ceao, coic for cuig, each for jach, ic for ag, caioc for caioj, and
caipppe for caipbpe.
There is a good deal of looseness in the use of 5 (i. e. 5) for o
(i. e. 6), and vice versa, especially in the ends of words and between
vowels, asUeari.paib for Ceampaij, loije for lui6e, &c.
The use of the nn is frequent, but the no in place of it is still more
so. There is a circumstance observable in these MSS., proving, as is
generally known, that the t> in the no was not pronounced,^viz., that
in a great many instances the o is dotted, thus, no, as may be seen
above at pp. 279, 280, &c.
W. E. H.
CORRIGENDA.
The words leaBup na c-Ceapc iu p. 28, 1. 1, should have been printed na (5)-
Ceapc. The MS. B. does not contain the second c.
The whole passage in B., referred to by Nos. i*7, us^ to p. 230 (see Various Readings,
p. 287), runs as follows :
Pacbaim pop an Qr uile, — b. m-ban pop a ban-cuipe, —
b. ap [a] gallaib jlana, — b, n-aiUe ap a mjeana, —
6. pnama ap macaib a m-ban, — b. cojaio ip b. coTvipaTTi, —
b. Dia oaicaib gonna, — im luao copn ip comola.
Jt appears by the fourth and seventh lines that the possessive pronoun here intended is
the masculine singular; although there is a change to the plural in the fifth line, just as
the plural runs through the text in L. Consequently Qr, the Ford, is referred to, and
the division of letters into wOrds in the first line of the text in B. is correct, and the
translation should run as follows :
I leave upon the whole Ford, —
Gift of being good wives upon ITS female bands,
Gift, &c.
Some omissions to insert the necessary marks of aspiration, eclipsis, and long quantity,
in the Irish text, have taken place, particularly in pp. 28, 30, 32, which went to press
before the rules to be observed were settled so fully as subsequently they were ; and even
in the succeeding pages an attentive observer will detect, occasionally, omissions of the
proper marks, which it is hoped the indulgent reader will excuse ; for it is indeed difficult
altogether to avoid error in such matters, although there can be no doubt that, with aid
so eminent as has been enlisted in the present publication, — Mr. Curry transcribing tlie
MS. for tlie printer, — and Mr. O'Donovan superintendmg its progress through the press,
— the highest perfection of accurate editing of the Irish text is attainable. But the rules
to be ultimately adopted should be thoroughly understood beforehand. In the present
case the wliole MS. was transcribed in the same manner as that from which the text of
the ^eapo, &c. (pp. 2-24) was printed ; and many of the typographic niceties after-
wards adopted, were only gradually developed and systematized in the progress of the work
through the printer's hands.
INDEX.
PAGE.
A.
Abiiain Mhor (Blaekwater, in Mini-
ster), 42, «.
(Avonmore, in Lein-
ster, 196, n.
Achadh Dubhtliaigh [Aghadowj-],
church of, 123, n.
Finiche, church of, . . . 12, n.
Leithdheirg, battle of, 136, 136, n.
■ Chonaire (Aclionry), diocese
of, 19, n. 103, n.
Achoni-}', diocese of. See Achadh
Chonaire.
Aedh, son of Eochaidh Tirnicharna, 100, n.
, king of Connacht, race of. See
Cineal Acdha.
Aenach Ciiairpre, 87, 9],m.
m-Bearrain, ... 87, 90, «., 91
Aenghus, . . . 61, ajid Introd., p. vlii.
Cinn Nathrach, .... 93, m.
Fionn, 99, n.
Nic, 199
Aghadowey, parish of. See Achadh
I)iihhthiii<ih.
Aidliue (see L'i I-'iuchiuch .lidhm),
108, n., 117
Ailbhe (see .l/.(<//i Ailbhr), . . 16, «., 17,
203, 203, n.
I'AGE.
Aileach, 31, 35, 119, 121, 125, 127, 129,
130, «., 131, 133, 135, 137
Aileach (Ely), palace of (see Grianan
Aillph), (Greenun E\y), . . .120,-h.
Aillinn, Cnoc Ailliune (Knockallen
or Dunallen), . 202, n., 203, 210, «.
Aill Mc Cuirr, 89, 91, n.
Ailpin, son of Eolathach, . 226, n., 227
Aimherghin (Amergin), 197
Aine (Koghanacht Aine Cliach, and
Cnoc j\ine, Knockany), 39, n., 46, n.,
67, 79, 86, 11., 87, 89, 93, 93, n.
Air Bile (Ard Bile), .... 90, n , 91
Airgead Ros (Ilathvcagh), . 203, 203, ».
Airteach, territory of, 102, n.
Aitheach Tuatha(Attacots) (see Athach
Tuathu), 104, n.
Alba (Scotland), 179
Allen (Knockallen or Dunallen). See
Aillinn.
hill of. Sec .llmhain.
Almhain (hill of Allen), 5, 14, «., 15, 2(i3
Alpinus, 226, n., 227
Aljdann or Al|)riuin (("alforn, or C'al-
pornius, father of St. I'atrick), 31, 55,
.'.7
Anghaile (.Vunaly) 181. n.
Aniialy. Hcb Anphaitr.
296
Indeci
PAGE.
Annatruim (in Upper Ossory). See
Menedroichet Eanach Tntim.
Antrim, baronies of, . . 161, w., 170, w.
Aodh.' See Aedh. '
Aoibh Eachach. See Ui Eaehach.
Aonach. See Aenach.
Aonghus. See Aenghus.
Ara or Ara Tire (barony of Ara or
Duhara), .... 43, 47, 61, 63, 87
Cliach, 46, n.
(great Island of Aran), . . . 92, n.
Aras, the three, 87, 91, n.
Araidhe (Dal Araidhe), . 23, 23, n., 159,
159, w.
Arda (barony of Ards), 157, 164, w., 165
Ard Achadh (Ardagli), 9, w.
Ai'da Cianachta, or Feara Arda (baixi-
ny of Ferrard), 186, n.
Ardamine, 202, n.
Arda Sratha (Ardstraw), . . , . 121, n.
Ard Bile or AirBUe, .... 87, 90, n.
Ard Chonaill, 87
Ardghal (in Meath), . 177, 179, 179, n.
Ard Macha (Armagh), , 142, w., 227, «.,
249, n.
Ard Mic Conainn or Ai-d Mic Conaill,
87, 90i M., 91
Ardpatrick (in Limerick), . . . 42, n.
Ard Ruidhe, 87, 91
Ard Sratlia (Ardstraw ), . 1 21, w., 129,
133, n.
Ards, barony of (see Arda), . .164, «.
Ardstraw. See Arda Sratha.
Arklow, 196, n.
Arklow, barony f, 13, w.
Armagh, barony of, . . 148, w., 151, w.
See Ard Macha.
Asal, Cnoc Droma Asail (Tory Hill,
near Citjom, Limerick), . 92, w., 93
Askeaton. See Eas Geibhtinc.
Assaroe. Sec Eas Acdha Runidh.
PAGE.
Ath Cliath (Dublin), 12, w., 33, 41, 51,
55, 225, 226, »., 227, 229, 231, 231, w.,
232, «., 233
na Borumha (at Killaloe), . 20, w.
Gallta, 5, 20, M, 21
Athlone, barony of, 105, n.
. See Ath Luain,
Ath Luain (Athlone), . 5, 19, n., 264, n.
Maighne (a ford in the parish of
Mayne, in Westmeath), 3, 10, 10, n.
Athach Tuatha (see Aitheach), . .174, n.
Ath Truistean, .... 212, w., 215, n.
Athboy, (see Tlachtgha), . . . 10, w.
Athy, parish of, 210, n.
Attacots. See Aitheach and Athach
Tuatha.
Augher (in Fir Leamhna), . . . 152, n.
Avonmore. See Abhain Mhor.
B.
Badharn, cataract of, . . . 34, n., 35
Baile Mor Locha Seimhdidhe (Bally-
more Loughsewdy), 249, n.
Baiscinn (see Corca Bhaiscimi), 43, 48, n.
49, 65
Baiscneach, (see Baiscinn) . 65, 65, n.
BaUaghkeen, barony of, ... 202, n.
Ballaghmoon. .See Mughna h-Eal-
chain and Bealach Mughna-
Ballaghmore. See Bealach Mor.
Ballovey. See Odhbha Cearu.
Ballyadams, barony of, . 214, w., 215, n.
Bally boy, barony of, . . . . 180, w.
Ballybritt, barony of, ....'. 79, n.
Ballycarbery, 47, w.
Ballycowen, barony of, . . . . 180, /«.
Ballygawley (in Tir Leamhna), . 162, n.
Bally -mack-elligott (see Ard Bile), 90, n.
Ballymore Loughsewdy. See Baile
Mor Locha Seimhdidhe.
Ballynacourty, parish of, ... . 92, n.
hide.
X.
297
PAGE.
Biilhnialiincli, barony of, ... . 100, «.
Baiuigh, barony of, • . 130, «.
Banbha (Ireland), 158, n., 159, 225, 237,
238
Bandain (Bandon) river, .... 59, n.
Bangor (see i?e«««c/(0/'), .... 164, n.
Bann (the river, upper and lower), 37, m.,
38, n., 123, n., 124, w., 147, «.
Bantry. See Beanntraidhe.
Bard, meaning of the word, -. . .183, n.
Bamane Ely (Devil's Bit), ... 78, n.
Barnecullen (see Cualann), ... 13, n.
Baniisniore (see Bearmas), 19, n., 34, n.
Barrane(Aenachm-Bearrain), . 90, n.
Barrow, River (see Bearhha), 5, 15, w.,
16, w., 17, «., 210, n., 212, n.
Barry (Philip and William dc Barry).
See Barrymore and Li Liathuin.
Barrj'more, barony of, 73, n.
Battle of Acliadh Leithdheirg, or Cam
Achaidli LeitluUieirg (see Achadh
Leitlidheirgh), . 136, n., 137, 153, «.
liattle of Ardeoran, 161, ?*.
Bealach Mughna, . . . 230, n.
. CluainTarbh (Clontarf ), 207, n.
Crinna, 186, n.
Magh Tuireadli, . . . . 115, n.
Tailltc, 104, w., 205
Beal .\tha naTeamhrach(see Teamhair
Luachra), 90, «.
Bealach Diiilihlinne, 14,n., 15
(jiablirain, ... . 32, n,
na LiR-Iinidc, 20, n.
M.ir (Ballaghmore), . . 260, n.
Mughnu, battle of, ... 58, n.
r.ealUiiiMc (May-day), 3,11
Heanna Boirc'Iu' (see Boirche), 38, n ,
148, w., 1(!5, n.
I'cannchor (Mangor), .... KM, n.
licanntraidhe (Banlry), . 89, 95, 95, n
Itcarliha (I'.arrou) riviT, 5, 15, »., 16, «.,
PAGK.
17, M., 40, n., 203, 210, «., 212, n.,
213, n.
Bearnas (Bamismore), 19, 19, n., 34, w., 35
Pearnas Chonaill (Bamismore), . 35, m.
Beam tri Carbad, 20, n.
Beithlinn. See Belin.
Bekan, parish of, 100, n.
Belin (Beithlinn), parish of, . . . 210, ».
Belvoir I'ark, 172, w.
Benean, 29, 33, 51, 53, 61, 63, 69, 71,
81, 89, 97, 99, 111, 113, 119, 137, 145,
155, 157, 169, 177, 185, 205, 219, 225,
238, and see the Introd., p. ii., &c.
BileTortan, 151, m.
Blackwater River (in Minister). See
Ahhain Mhor.
Blackwater River (in Ulster), . . 152, n.
Bo Neimhidh (water of), ... 7, 25
Bochluain, church of, 2 1 5, m.
Boinu (River Boyne), 3, 9,n., 11, n., 21, »i.,
226, «., 241, 71.
Booley. See Buuile.
Boirche (see Beanna Boirche), 38, w., 39,
157, 157, w., 165, 165, «., 169, 169, n.
Boirinn(Burren), . . 43, 49, 49, ra., 65,
92, n.
Eordtr tribute, 52, n.
Boyle, barony of, ... . 20, n., 104, n.
, river, 20, w.
Boyne, river (see Boinn), . 3, 9, «., 11,
21, «., 226, n.
Brann Dubh, a celebrated king of Lein-
.stcr, 36, M.
Branndubh, province of, 36, »., 37, 40, n.
Crawney, barony of (see Breagh-
mhnine), 180, n., 186, «.
I!rcadacli(Kn<>i.klirf(la), 169, 172, «., 173
Bicagh, usually railed Magli Bri'agh,
Mud Latini/i'(l lirrgia, 3, II, II, n.,
52, n., 177. I7H, «., 179, 224, «., 225,
211, n., 215. 267, and Introd., p. ill.
298
Indejc.
PAGE.
Bregia (see Breur/h), . . 87, w., 188, n.
Breagh-mliaiue(Brawuey), 180, n., 186, n.
Breasal Breae, (see Osraidhe), 51, 51, n.
Eiueach-ghlais, . . 195, n., 197
(see Ui BreasaiV), . . . 147, n.
Breice, the oak of, ... . 5, 19, 19, n.
Brian of Archoill, 151, «.
Brick. See 0''Bruic.
Bridget. See Biighid.
Brigli Leithe, heath fruit of, . 3, 9, n.
Brighid Chille Dara (St Bridget of
Kildare), 253, 253, n.
Brosna river. See Brosnack.
Brosnach, the cresses of the, . 3, 9, 9, n.
Brugli-righ (Bruree), 77, n., 85, 85, n.,
87, 88, 88, n., 89
Bruree. See Brugh-righ.
Buaile (Booley) explained, . . . 46, n.
Buais (Bush) river, 159, n.
Buinne, race of. See Dal Buinne.
Butlers, 49, n.
Bunbrosna, 9, w.
Burgheis Ua Cathain (Burrisokane), 52, n.
Burgheis Umhaill ( Burrishoole). See
Umhall.
Burkes, 67, n.
Barren. See Botrinn.
, barony of, ... 49, n., 65, n.
Burrishoole, (Burgheis Unihaill) ba-
rony of, 56, «., 98, M.
Burrisokane (Burgheis Ua Catliain), 62, 7i.
Bush, river. See Buais.
C.
Caechan Boirne (in Boirinn)^ . 92, n , 93
Caelan (see Gaihauga'), .... 188, n.
Caen-druim (an old name of tlie hill
of Uisneach), ~ 249, 249, w.
Caeinihghin (St. Kevin), 253
Caenraidhe (Kein-y), 77, n.
PAGE.
Gael Sliaile Ruadh (Killary), . . 100, n.
Caerthamn (see Tir Chaerthainii), 122, n.
Cahallan. See O' Cathalain.
Caherkincon. See Cathair C(tinn
Chon.
Caiiersiveen, 47, n,
Caille Eachaeh, 179, 179, n.
Caille Fhallamhain, or Caille an 01-
laimh, 177, 182, n., 183
Cairbre, monarch, i. e Lifeachair, . 185
Baschaein, 48, n.
■ ■ Damli-Airgid, 148, n.
— of Druim CHabh, Carburj', in
Sligo, 130, w., 131
Lifeachair, ancestor of tlie
Oirghialla, . . . . 146, n., 147, 185
Muse, . 42, w., 48, n., 76, n., 83
, race of (the Musc-
raidhe), 83, w.
Riada, tribe of (the Dal Ria-
da), 160, n.
Cairbre. See SUahh Chairbre.
Caiseal (Cashel), . . 5, 15, 17, 29 to 89,
passim, 99, 230, n., 255, 257, 259
, supposed derivation of the
word, 29
(Cashel), king of, his seats, 87
Caislean Ui Liathain (Castle Lyons),
72, n.
Carberry, barony of (in Cork), 46, «., 76, ».,
85, n.
Carbury, barony of, (in Sligo),, . 130, m.
Carey, barony of. See Cathraidhe.
Carlow, Fotharta of, ..... 221, n.
Carman (games of), 5, 16, «.
, ancient name of the site of
the town of Wexford, 5, 15, m., 40, 41,
203, 211
Cam Achaidh Leith-dheirg, battle of,
153, n.
Carnsore. See Folhart (in Cliairn.
Index.
299
PAGE. I
Carra, barouy of, . . . 108, w., 115, n.
Canaig Inbhir Uisce, 159, n.
Carraig Macliaire Rois (Carrickma-
cross), 154, n.
Carriekmacros;s. See Carraig Ma-
chaire Rois.
Caa (clann of), . 67, 93, n., 105, «.,
256, n.
Casey. See O'Cathasaigh,
Cashel. See Caiseal.
Castleblayney, 148, n.
Ca^tledermott, parish of, ... . 210, n.
Castle Island, 10, w.
Castle- Lyons (Caislean Ui Liathainn),
72, n.
Castlereagh (Upper), barony of, . 161, «.,
172, n.
(Lower), barony of, . 163, n.
Cathair China Chon (Ciiherkincon), 87,
90, n.
Chnuis, 87, 89
— Cbuirc, 87, 91, n.
Fhinnabhrach, . . 87, 89, 89, n.
Cath*irgheal, 91, n.
Cathair Ghleanna Ainiinacli (Glan-
worth), 87, 90, n.
na Mart (Wcstport), . . 98, n.
Meathais, 87,' 90, n.
Thnaighe, 87, 89
na Steige (Stague Fort), . 90, n
Cathal (see Leath Chathail), 165, n., i
169, »., 173
Cathaeir, king of Leiiister and mo-
narch of Jrehiiid, A. D. 358, . . 208, n.
Mor, king of Leinstcr and mo-
narch of Ireland in the second cen-
tury, 192, 193, n.
, race of, . . . 45, n., 192
, will of, 192
Cathraidhe (Carey), 171, «.
fcall Abbaiii 214, w.
PAGE.
Ceall Ausaille (Killossy),'. . . . 212, n.
Ceann Gabhra, . . . ^ ib.
JIara (Kenmare), 51
Nathrach, .... 89, 93, 93, n.
Sleibhe, 93, ra.
Ceanann's wood. See Coill Chea-
nainn.
Ceatach (son of Cathaeir Mor), . . 197
(^see UiCeathaif/h and Ikeathy),
197, n.
Ceneal Aedha, 99, 117
Chess and chess-boards, 35, 35, «., and
Introd. p. Ixii.
Ciaii (son ofOiUoU Ohim\ race of, 51,
66, 7j., 78, n., 103, n , 122, n., 186, n.,
187, n., 188, n.
Cianachta (race of Cian), 51, 119, 122, w.,
123, 132, n., 133, «., 186, n.'
Breagh, 187, n.
Gleanna Gcimhin, . . . 129
Ciar, race of, 48, w., 100, /(.
Ciarraidhe Luachra, i. e. of Munster
(Kerry), 42, w., 43, 48, n., 49, 61, 65,
65, n., 69, 75, n., 84, «., 97, 100, n.,
^01, 103, 166, «., 259
Aei, i.e. of Connacht, 97, 100, w.,
101, 103, 104, n.
Airtich, 103, n.
Locha na n-Airneadh, . 101, «.
Cill (Kill, ne;ir Naas), . . . . 212, «.
Abbain, 213, ».
Achaidh Sincliill, church of, . 216, >i.
Droiiia l'"oda, church of,
216, I*.
Bcacain (Kilpcacon), .... 42, n.
Ceri (Kilkearo), 42, n.
Chcire (Kilktary), near Nenagli,
29, «.
Da Chealloc (Kihnallock), . 77, n,
Corbnataii, 212, m.
Faelain 21 I, w.
300
Index.
PAGE.
cm Fiacla (Kilfeakle), 42, w.
Fionnabhrach (Kilfenora), . 89, n
Mhic Duach ( Kilmacduach), dio-
cese of, 108, n.
Mor, 148, n.
Osuadha (Kellistown), . . . 211, m.
Cineal Aedha of Aidhne (the tribe
name of 0' Seachnasaigh ( 0' Sb augh-
uessy)), 109, 109, n., 113
ofEasKuaidh, 97, 99, 117,
127, 130, w., 131
m-Bece (Kinehneliy)^ . . 59, n.
Boghaine, in the barony of
Banagh, in Donegal, 127, 130, w., 131
Cobhthaigh, 203, n.
Chonaill (see Tir Chonaill), 31,
119, 130, n., 267, w.
Doblitha, 265, n.
Eanna, .... 127, 130, w., 131
Eogliain (see Tir Eoghain), ■
267, n.
— ' Fhaghartaigh (Kinelarty),
barony of, 164, n.
Lughdhach, . 127, 131, 131, w.
Cionaeth (Kenny) O'Morna, . .161, n.
Claenadh (Clane) church, 205, w., 222, n.
Claen Rath (at Tara), 187
Clane. See Claenadh,
Clane, barony of, 205, n.
Clanbrazil. See Clann Breasail.
Clanconway. See Clanna Conmhuighe.
Clangibbons (barony) 78, n.
Clankee, barony of, 188, n.
Clanmalior. See Clann Maeiliaghra.
Clanmauricc, barony of, . 90, n., 100, n.
Clanwilliani, barony of, . 42, ?«., 92, w.,
Clann Aedha Buidhq (Clannaboy),
163, V.
■ Acilabhra, . . . . . . . 173, n.
Breasail (Clanbrazil), . . 148, n.
Ceithcarnaigh, 102, ??.
PAGE.
Clami Colla, 37, n., 142, «., 156, n.
159, w., 161, w.
Maeiliaghra (Clanmalier), 193, n.
Neill, 52, M., 63.
Clannaboy. See Clann Aedha Buidhe.
Clanna Conmhuighe (Clanconway),
180, n.
Chais, 63
Rudhraidhe, . 36, ?^., 148, n.,
153, «., 159, n., 162, «., 166, n., 248, n.
Claine (a seat of the king of Caiscal), 89,
92, M., 93
Clare, barony of, in the county Gal-
way), 107, n.
Cleare Island, parish of, 46, w.
Cliach (see Ahie Cliach^, 39, 39, n., 71
Clogher, see of, 121, w.
, 152, n.
Head, 186, n.
Clonard, 12, w.
Cloncurry. See Cluain Conaire.
Clonderlaw, barony of, 48, n.
Clones. See Cluain Eois.
Clonlisk, barony of, 79, «.
Clontarf See Cluain Tarhh.
Clooncraffield. See Cluain Creamh-
choille.
Cloonsost (see Cluain Sosta^ and
Cloonsast, parish of, 214, n.
Cloyne. See Cluaiji Uamha.
Cluain Conaire (Cloncurry), 205, n., 212, n.
Conaidli, church of, . . . 181, w.
Creamhchoille (Clooncraffield),
100, n.
Eois (Clones), ' 172, n.
»- Fearta Mughaire, churcli of, 216, n.
Fota, 215, n.
Imorrois, 216, n.
Mor, church of, . 186, n., 214, n.
Sasta, and 214, n.
Sosta (Cloonsost), church of, 216, n.
Index.
301
PAGE.
Cliiain Tarbh (Clontavf), .... 72, w.
Uamha (Cloyiie), . 87, 89, 89, n
Cnoc Aillinne (Allen), 202, n.
Aine (Kiiockanv), , 39, n., 46, n.
Breadaigli (Knockbveda), . 172, n.
Droma Asail (Ton- Hill), . 92, n.
Grafaiin (Knockgraffon), 88, «.,91,k.
MaeUlomhnaigh (Knockmel-
down), 16, »j.
Coagh (in Tyrone), . . . 165, n.
Cobha, (see Ui Eachach'), . 157, 165, n.
Cogart, the term explained, . . . 200, «.
Colli Cheanainn (Ceanann's wood), 228, n.
229
Coirr-sliliabh (Curlieu mountains), 20, n.
Cokiston, 13, «.
Colam mac Criomlithainn, . 199, 199, 7i.
Coleraine, baron}- -of, 123, n.
Colman (patron of TJi Fiachracb j, 109, n.
Colla Uais, . . 106, n., 121, «., 122, n.,
123, n., 141, n., 151, n.
da Chrioch, 106, n., 141, «., 146, n.,
117, n , 1-18, 71., 151, n., 152, n., 153, n.
Mcann, . . 106, 137, 141, 141, «.
ColIa.s, the three, 22, «., 141, 145, 153, n.,
166, n.
Collins. See O'Coileain.
Comar (see Fan Chomar, Tri Co-
mar), 12, n.
Comharba, its meaning, .... 50, h.
Conaillu Muirthuimhnc, 22, w.
Conaire II., 159, w.
Conaire Mor, race of, 42, n., 47, n., 48, n ,
59, 71., 84, n.
Conall (see Tir ChnnaiU), 35, 127, 247,
267
Ccamach, . . . 166, w., 214, n.
(iablira, 76, n.
Conall's gap. See Bearnas Chonaill.
Conall Oulban, race of, . 31, »;., 130, n.
132, H.
PAGE.
Couchobar, province of (i. o. Ulstci ),
237, «., 238
Mac Nea.ssa, .... 237, n.
Condons, barony of, 78, ?/.
Conillo, barony of, ... 76, «., 88, n.
Conmaicne, ; • • 97
. . territories named from, in
Connacht, . 100, n., 101, n.. Ill, 115
Cbineal Dubhain, . . 100, n.
Mara, 100, n.
Cuile Toladh, . . .100, n.
(Leitrim), 247
Conn of the Hundred Battles, 51, 57, 58, n.,
107, n , 166, n., 184, «., 185, 211, «.,
226, n., 238
Connaught (see Connacht and OU-
neagmacht), 5
Connacht, 5, 19, 57, 97 to \\", passim.
Connell, barony of, 210, n.
Connla, the race of, .... 40, n., 4 1
Coolavin, barony of, 99, «.
Coolbanaglicr. See Cud Beannchair.
Coolestown, barony of, 92, n.
Coonagh. See Ui Ciianach.
, barony of, 92, n.
Corbi (Cuirbthi), the term explained,
161, n.
Core, .son of Lughaidh, 29,51
Corca (of Connacht), . 97, 104, n., 105,
115
Achlann, .... 101, n., 265, «.
IJhaiscinn, . 43, 48, n., 61, 75, w.,
85, rt., 261, 261, n.
Dluiibhne, 43, 47, «.
I'.albrnch, 18, w.
Firtri, 101,//.
Corcaguinny, barony of, . . . . 47, k.
Corca Luighe, . 43, 46, n., 47, 59, «.,
64, n., 2oC, n>
Mogha, 104, w.
Mhuichet, chief of, .... 76, ».
302
Index.
PAGE.
Corcomroe. See Coreumrvndh.
barony of. Do.
Corcomruadh (see Corcowroe^^ 49, n., 63
65, 65, w., 75, M., 76, w., 77, 91, m.,
166, M., 261, 261, M.,263
Cormac, monarch, i. e. Mae Airt, or
Ulfhada, 184, n., 185
Cas, race of, . . 66, n., 72, n.,
103, n.
Mac Airt, 14, n., 18, n., 49, n.,
104, M., 185
Mac Barone (O'Neill), . 152, n.
Mac Cuileannaiii, 58, »., 59, h.,
87, 230, n.
Gaileanga, . . 103, w., 104, w.,
186, «., 187, n., 188, n
Corrib. See Loch Oirbsea7i._
Cosblea, barony of, 92, n.
Coshma, barony of, ... 67, n., 77, ».
Coshmore and Coshbride, baronies of, 72, n.
Costello, barony of, 19, n., 100, m., 103, «.
Craebh (on the Bann), 119, 125, 125, n.,
129, 133, 133, n.
Ruadh (see Red Branch), 214, w.
Creagh, parish of, 47, n.
Creamhthann, race of, . 152, n., 153, n.
Creniome. See Crioch Mvghdhcrn,
, barony of, 148, n.
Crioch Cualann, 13, n.
na g-Ceadach, 200, n.
Mughdhoma (Cremome), 141, n.
148, w., 165, n.
— O m-Bairrche, 212, w.
O m-Barrtha, ..... 212, n.
0 m-Bu'.Jhe, or . . . . 212, ?^
. O Muighe, 213, ».
na h-Oirthear, 161, n.
Croghan. See Crnachan.
Cromadh (Croome), 77, n.
Croome. See Cromadh.
Crotraidhe, 169, 171, 171, w.
PAGE,
Cruachain, 5, 20, w., 21, 31, 35, and 97
to \\1, passim, 263, 265
BriEile (King's County), 221, n.
Cruach Phadraig (Croagh-Patrick), 19, w.
115, w.
Cruan (the wotd), explained, . . 266, n.
Cua (see Slinhh Cua), . 89, 92, n., 93
Cuailghne, 7, 21, 21, n., 148, n., 158, w.,
159, 169, 169, n., 245, 245, w.
Cualann, 3, 13, 13, «., 15,-207, 207, n.
218, n.
, mistaken by modem Irish
writers, 13, w,
Cuan O'Locbain, 8, n., 9, 18, and
Introduction, p. xlii.
Modh (Clew Bay), .... 19, v.
Cuchulainn, 168, n.
Cu Uladh Mac Duinnshleibhe, . . 167, ?/.
Cu Uladh O'Morna, 162, w.
Cuil Beannchair (Coolbanagher),
church of, . . . 216, n., 89, 92, n., 93
Cuileantraidlie, ... 119, 120, n., 121
Cuirrcne, in Westmeath (now Kil-
kenny West), . 177, 180, n., 181, n.,
188, n.
Cuirreach (Curragh) of Kildare, . 210, n.
Cularan, 29
CuUenagh, barony of, 214, n.
Cumhal (explained), 221
Curlieu Montains, See Coirr-shKahh.
Curragh of Kildare. See Cuirreach.
Cutt's Fisherj', ........ 125, n.
D.
Da Chioch Danann (Pap mountains), 75, n.
Dairbhre (O'Duibhne), ancient name
of Valentia (see Corca Dhnibhne),
47, 47, n., 49, 7i., 74, ii.
Daire Barrach, son of Cathaeir Mor,
172, «., 194, «., 195, 212, «.
Index.
303
PAGE.
Dairfhine (see Corca Lvighe), 61, C4, n.,
65, C9, 74, 71., 75, 83, 257
Daire-mic-Daire, 7, 25
Dal, its signification, 159, n.
Dala, king of, 71
Dal Araidhe, . 7, 23, «., 155, 159, w.,
161, w., 166, n., 267
Dal m-Buine, 157, l63
Dal Chais, . 21, 21, n., 48, w., 61, 69,
70, «., 71, 72, «., 81
larthair, 185, 185, n.
Riada, 155, 159, n., 161, 169, 171
Danes. See Galls, Tomar, Sfc.
Dar-mhagh, 5, 20, w., 21
Dartraidhe Coinninnse, 145
Dartraidhe, 153
Dartry, barony of, 153, «.
Deel. See Daoil.
Dealblma (Delvins), 97, 105, 107, 111,
177, 183, 185
(Delvins), from whom de-
scended, 105, n., 182, n.
Beag, 182, n.
Mor, 177, 182, n.
Cuill Fabhair, . . . . 105, n.
Eathra, 182, ».
Feadha, 105, w.
Nuadliat, . . 105, n., 106, w.
Teannmuigli, . . . .182, n.
. Tire da Lodi, .... 105, n.
Deas Ghabhair, 195
Mhumha(De.smond, SoutliJIun-
ster (.see Mumh(i), 1G4, w.
Decici^, baronies of, within Drum and
without (see Deise of Munster), 16, w. ,
93, n.
Deece, barony of (see Deixe Tenmrach'),
60, »., LSI, «.
Decvy. See O'Duihh.
Dei.w (Decies of Minister), 43, 49, 51,
6.1, 67, 7.^ 83. 18.1, 257
PAGE.
Dei.se Teamhrach (Deece of Meath),
49, 184, n., 18.% 2G7
Delvins. See Dealblma.
Demi-Fore, barony of (see Fore and
Fohhutr), 183, //.
Derrj'. See Doire.
Devil's Bit Mountain (see Barnane
Ely), 17, «.
Diannaid, son of Cearbliall, .... 53
Dinn Riogh, 5, 15
Disert Conlocha, church of, , . . 181, ??.
mic Cuillinn, Cluain Eidli-
neach, 214, w.
Meithle CaeUe, church of, . 18G, w.
Dodder (see Dothair), 5
Doire (Derry), 35
DolLardstown, parish of, .... 210, w.
Domhnach Maighean (Donaghmoyne),
church of, 148, w.
Domhnach Mor IMuighe Cobha (Do-
naghmore), churcli of, ... 166, »•■
Eachnach, 186, ».-
Mor Muighe Luadhat (Do-
naghmore), 206, n.
. . 227
. 223, n.
. 94, n.
. 124, n.
Domhnall Dubh-dhamhach,
Ua Fearghail, .
Donaghmore, parish of,
, church of.
See Domhnach Mor.
Donaghmoyne. See Dowtiuc/i Muiyh-
ean,
Donagh]>atricl<, 249, w.
Donovan. See O'Donnoh/tainn.
Donn's liou.ses, 51, 54, w., 55
Donnagorr, j)arisli of, 124. n.
Dortan, 15 1
Dothair (Dodder) livor, . 5, 12, n., i:>
DuwnlvcUy (Druniinaul), chureh of, 124, n.
Dromore. Sec Druim Mor.
Druim Cucin 87, 89, 91, 93.
DnimclitT. Spo Druim Clinhli.
304
Index.
PAGE.
Druim Cliabh (Drumcliff), . 130, n., 131
Deargaidh, battle of, ... 53
Finghin, 89, 93
Leith, 113
Mor, near Mallow, . . 87, 91, n.
Druinmaul. See Downkelly.
Drung (see Corca Dhuihhne), . G5, 85
Druim lie Breagh, the hills of, . . 11, w.
Dublin. See Ath Cliath.
See DuibJilinn.
Dubhthuch Mac Ui Lughair, the poet
and convert of St. Patrick, . . . 235
DufFerin, barony of (see Duibhthrian),
164, n.
Duibhlinn, . . . . 5, 13, 12, m.," 39, 253
Duibhneach (see Corca Dhuibhne), . 65
Duibhthir, the race of, 153
Duibhthrian, 157, 164, n., 165, 169, 173
Dumha Dreasa, 89
Dun Duibhlinne, 226, n.
Fir Aen Cholca, .... 87, 90
Gair, 87, 90, n.
Liamhna (Dunlavan), . . . 228
na h-Uidlire, 124, n.
Sobhairce, .... 7, 23, 23, n.
DunleAy. See Mac Duinnshleibhe.
Dunseverick. See Dun Sobhairce.
Durdru, 29
E.
Ealga (Ireland), .... 168, w., 169
Eamhain Macha (Emania), 7, 22, w., 23,
33, 36, n., 37, 99, 106, w., 156, n., 169,
169, -n., 241,241, «., 249
Eanach Caein, 251
Conglais (Killany), church of,
155, n.
Eanna, race of (Cineal Eanna), . 131, 9f.
Ceinnsealacli (ancestor of the
Ui Ceinnsealaigh), 208, n.
Boghaine, 130, n.
PAGE.
Earc's fort. See Rath Eire.
Earna, 254, n., 255
Eas Aedha Ruaidh mic Badharn, or
Eas Ruaidh (Assaroe), 34, >^., 35, 35, w.,
127, 130, n.
Eas Geibhtine (Askeaton), ... 91, n.
Eibhear (Heber), 54, w., 55, 237, 237, n.
Eibhleo, 89, 92, w., 93
Eidhneach (Eany), river, .... 130, n.
Eile(Ely), 28, n.,-29, 71, 78, n., 79, 87,
87, M., 258, n., 259
Fhogartaigh (Elyogarty), 28, 79, n.
Ui ChearbhaiU (Ely O'Carroll),
78, M., 179, n., 180, n., 258, n.
Eire (Ireland), 3, 7, 17, 25, 29, 41, 51,
55, 59, 85, 87, 125, 127, 129, 135, 137,
139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 155, 177, 205,
225, 229, 238, 241, 255, 263, 267, 272
Eireamhon (Heremon), .... 203, n.
Eithne (Inney), the river, 10, w., 11, w.,
180, w., 181, w.
Ele. See Eile.
Eliogarty, barony of (Eile Fhogartaigh),
28, M., 78, n.
Ely. See Eile.
. See Aileach.
O'CaiToll. See Eile Ui Chear-
bhaiU.
Emania. See Eamhain Macha.
Ennell. See Loch Aininn.
Eochaidh, son of Ailpin, . 226, w., 227,
229
Finn Fothart, . . . .211,tc.
(see Ui Eachach, Iveagh),
148, n., 256, n.
CoWia, . . . 164, «., 165, n.
. Gundat, 172, n.
• Liathanach, 72, ii.
— Muigh-mheadhon, . . 104, w.,
182, n,
Timine, 199, 201
Jn(le.\
aOo
VXC.T..
ICodiaiilli Tirmclmrnn, 100, w.
Ivii-haill (Yoiighall), rive* of, . . 72, «.
Iviglian (^seeCineal Eoyhain, Inis Eo-
f/!iain, and Tir Eoghain, Tyrone),
34, «., 35, 37, 132, 247, 267
, ancestor of the Eoghanachts.
See Eoghain Mor.
Aidhne, ancestor of the Ui
Fiachrach Aidhne, 108, n.
Mor (ancestor of all the Eo-
<;hanaclits), 46, w., 58, n., 66, »., 72, «.,
80, w., 230, n. \
Eoghanachts (see Eoghan Mor), 63, 66, m.,
69, 73 I
Eoghanacht and Dal Cais, from whom [
descended, 45, ra.
Aine Cliach, 46, n., 78, n.
86, n.
Chaisil, 72, n.
Locha Lein, .... 59, m.
Ui Donchadha, .... ib.
I'.oir or Fcdir (Xore), river, . 88, «., 89
I'.olatliacli, 226, n.
Eric, 109, ?J.
I'liis (l(irriis), liarony of, .... 108, w.
F.
I'ai-la(lli"s rnth. See Rath Faeladh.
FMlicrty. .See O' Fathartaigh.
Failyhe Kos, son of Cathaeir Mor, an-
cestor of the Ui Failghe (Offaly),
193, 195, 216, 217, n.
Fan-clioinair, 3, 12, w., 13
I'iirncy. See Fearn-mhuyh.
, barony of, ... 136, n., 154, n.
I'calihal, lake of (i. e. Loch Foyle),
121, 125, 218, ».
Fcarghiis Liiascnii (son of Cathaeir
Mor), 197
Scnnnal ftS, /;., 89
v.w.y .
Feara Arda (Fcrrard), . . .186, «., 187
Ceall (Fercall), . . . 177, 179, «.
Cualann (FereonU'n, .=!ee Cua~
lann), 13, n., 218, h.
Manach (Fermanagh), 145, 154, w.,
155
Mniglie Feine, or Feara Mhuighe
(Fermoy), . 78, ?;., 82, w., 83, 261, w.
Ros, territorj' of (see Fearn-
mhag, Farneg, harony of), . . 154, n.
. Teabhtha (see Teahhtha), 177, 181
Tulach (Fertullagh), 177, 180, w.,
188, n., 189
I'^earn -mliagh (P'arney), barony of,
136, w., 145, 153, n.
Fearta-mna-Maine, 20, n.
Feartullagh (Feara Tulacli), barony
of, ... 180, ».
Feegile. See Fidh Gaihhle.
Feidhliniidh Mac Crionilithainn, . 56, w.,
Introd. p. .XV.
Fir T''i'»hlais, .... "205
Feighcullen. See Ftodh ChvUlinn.
Feilimidh (son of Eaiuia Ceinseallach,
ancestor of the Ui Fealnieadha, 208, ;/.
Feiinhin. See Mtigh Feimhin.
Feis Teamhracli, . 7, «., 272, Introd. p. 1.
Feoir or Eoir (Nore), river, . . . 203, «.,
Introd. l.\.
Feorna Floitm, or Fooniiiin I'loinn, 48, w.,
85
Fercoulan (see Cualann and Feara
Cualann), 13, 'i.
Fercidlicacli, ancestor of tlic tlsraidhe
((Xssorians), 64, ?i,
Fermanagh, or Kir Manach (Feara
Manach), 121, n., 154, «
Fernu>y, barony nf, (sec Feara
Mhuighe), 78, n., 82, «.
Fcrrard, barony of (scr> Finrn /lrdn>,
1SI6, ;/., 1.^7
X
306
Index.
PAGE.
Ferriters, 47, ».
Fiacha, father of Catliacir Mor, . . 203
Bah-Aicidh, .... 201,203
Suighdhe (ancestor of the
Deise), 49, «., 184, n.
Fiachra Tort (ancestor of the Ui
Tuirtre), 23, w.
the race of (see Ui Fiach-
rach), 99,111
Fians (the ancient militia), .... 147
Fidh Gaibhle (Feegile), .... 214, n.
Fine Gall, or Fingall, 187, n.
Finglas river, 226, «.
Fiodh Chuillinn (Feigh Cullen), . 205, n.
Firbolg, 104, n., 106, n.,
107, n., 174, n.
Fircall, barony of, (see Feara Ceall),
179, n.
Fir na Craeibhe, 125, n.
— Leamhna, 152, w., 153
— Li (of the Bann), 119,
122, 122, »., 129, 135
— Luirg, . 119, 121, 121, «., 129, 133
— Manach (Fermanagh), see Feara
Manach, 172, n.
Fithcheal, explained (see Chess),. 70, n.
Fitzgeralds (of Keny), .... 47, w.
(of Limerick), . . . 67, n.
(ofKildare), ; . . . 216, n.
Flann Feonia, 84, n.
— ■ • Sionna, 68, n.
Flannery. See O' Flannabhra.
Fodhla (Ireland), 147, 159
Fonn lartharach (in Corca Luighe,
or O'Driscoll's country), 59, m., 256, n.
Fontstown, church of, 210, w.
Fore (Demifore), baronj' of, ; . 178, n.
Forgo, ancestor of the Ui Mic Caer-
thainn (see Tirkeerin), ... 1 22, n.
Forgney. See Forgnuidhe.
Forgnnidhe, church of, 181, »<.
PAGE.
Forth. See Fothaita.
, baroniesof, (see Fotharta), 221, n.
Forthuatha (in Munster), . . 78, w., 79,
(in Ailoach), . 120, n., 121
(inUladh), 169, 172, n., 173
(in Leinster), . 207, 207, n.,
219, 220, «., 221, 223, n., 253
Fotharta (Forth), barony of, in Car-
low, 211, «.
(Forth), baronies in Wex-
ford and Carlow, . . . .221, 221, w.
Fothart Airbreach, 221, n.
Fothart an Chain (Carnsore), . . 211,»(.
Oirthir Life, 221, w.
Osnadhaigh (barony of Forth
in Carlow), ..... .211, n., 211
Fotharta, 219
Fea (Magh Fea), . . 211, n.
Foyle. See Feabhal.
Frenchpark, modem barony of (see
Boyle), 100, n.
Frj'ars Minors, church of, . . .161,«.
Fuaid (Sliabli Fuaid), . . . 144, n., 145
G.
Gabhal, a name of a wood and river,
and thence of all Leinster, 214, «., 215,
217, 217, n.
Gabhair, ... 67, 67, w., Introd. p. Ix.
Gabhra (mares), . . 114, n., 246, 247
Gabhran (Gowran), 5, 17, 17, n., 40, n,,
41, 43, 59, 59, w., 69, 71, 85, 85, n.,
217, 217, n.
Gaela, 262, n., 263
Gaedhealga (Irish), .... 86, n., 87
Gaileanga (of Meath), . . 188, n., 189,
244, n., 245, 266, n., 267
(of Connacht), . . . 104, w.
Mora (Morgallion, barony
of;, and Gaileanga Beaga, . . 188, ».
Jnde.i
M)l
PACK.
( Jailoans. See Gaileanga.
(iailians (Leinstennen\ . . 194, 191, h.
(iailiiu', 213, w
(lain or Galls (foreigners), 51, 55, 219,
221, 225, 227, 229, 231, 249, 253
GalliMi, barony of (see Ga)7c-fl«(7a), 103, n.
Garrvcastle, barony of, .... 182, w.
Gi'iblitine, (see Eas Geab/itine),
(Askeaton), 89, 91, «.
Geinih (winter), and see the Intro-
duction, p. liv., 5, 17
Geis. Introduction, p. xlv., ... 12, n.
Gt^vayhty. See Mac Oireachtaigh.
Gillemurry. See Mac GioUa Muire.
Gilmor. Ditto.
Glais Naeidhiu (Glasnevin) . . . 188, n.
Glancurry (Glenwhen-y), . . . . 170, ?i.
Glanw(>rth. See Cathair Ghleanna
AmliiKiclt.
Glasnevin. See Glais Naeidhin.
, monastery of, . . . . 188, «.
Gleann a Choirc, (see Glancurry), 170, n.
Amhain, 63, 67
Anihnach (Glanworth), 71, 78, n.,
79
Da Loch(Glendalougli),church
of, 207, n.
Finneachta (Glynn), . . 159, n.
Geimhin (Glengiven), 50, n., 51,
110, 122, n., 125, n., 133, 133, «.
na Muice Duibhie (Valley of
the Black Pig), 136, n.
Righe, . 36, w., 136, «., 148, n.
Soarraigh, ....">,] 1, n., 15
.Suilighe (Glenswilly), . . 248, n.
rissen (Killushinn), church
of, 194, n., 212, n.
Glcnarm ( rppcr), liarony of, . 191, »».
Glundalough. See Gleann Da Loch.
Glcngivcii. See Gleann Grimhin.
Glciiswillv. Spf Glfiinn Suiliqhe.
PACK.
Glenwherry. See Gleann a Clmirp.
Glynn. See Gleann Finnachta .
Gowran. See Gabhran.
Grafann, 89, 91, «.
Grange, parish of, 210, w.
Rosnilvan, parish of, ..210, //.
Greagraidhe (in Munster), .... 89
Greagraidhe (the Gregories in Con-
nacht), . 42, w., 97, 99, 99, n., 1(1 1,
103, »., Ill, 113, ».
Grianan Ailigh (the palace of Aileach), .
120, n.
Guaire (Aidline), 82, «., 99, 108, w., Ill
H.
Ilcber. See Eibhear.
Heft'crnan. See O' h- Ifearnain.
Hennessy. See 0' h-Aenghusa.
Heremon. See Eireamhon.
Howth, . . . . , 1 1, «.
HuaMeith. See Ui Meith.
Iluainidhe. See Crioch Ua m-Buidhe.
Hunting-sheds, 117
Husseys, 47, «.
Hy, — generally for names begun with
" Hy," — see Ui, as, for
Hy-Many. See Ui Maine.
Hy-Mcitli Tire. See Ui Meat I,.
Hvnev. See O' h-Adhtiaiilh.
I.
lar Connacht, 100, ;/.
Ibh, — generally for names beginning
with " Ibh," — see Ui, as
Ibh Conaill Gabhra, 76. ».
Ibrickan. See Ui Brracuin.
, barony of, 48, //.
Idrone (Ui Drona), l)arony of, 16, « , 212
IfTa and Offa Knst. liiinmy of, . . IK, ;i.
x2
ao8
Index.
VAOK.
Ikontliy. See Vi Cenlu'ujli.
, barony of, 205, n.
Ikcrvin, barony of, . . . . 2S, /;., 78, w.
Tmaile See Ui Mail.
Imokilly, barony of, 72, ti.
Tnileach, cliurcli of, 170, re.
Inbhear Mor, or Inbhear Aimhergin,
the estuary of Arklow, 196, w., 207, w.
Latharna, Lame estuary, . 171, re.
Naile (IiibhearJ, estuary of
Donegal, 130, re.
Inchiquin, barony of, . . . 20, n., 93, n.
Inis Eoghain (Inishowen), . 119, 126, re.
127, 132, re., 133
Inishowen, baronj' of, 34, n.
Inis Fail, 57, re.
Inis Mocholmog, church of, . . . 195, n,
Inis Toide, island of, 124, re.
Inneoin, 89, 92, re., 93
Inny river. See Eithne.
Tregan, 193, re.
Ireland. See Eii-e, Ealga, Bnnhha,
Fodhla
Irish. See Gaedharlga.
Irrluachair, called Urluachair, 7 1, «., 75
Island Magee. See Binn Sihhnp.
Isle of Man (;\Ianannan), ... 8, re.
Ttb, 124, re.
Iul)har (Newry), 159, re.
Ivabagh, 256, re.
Iveagh, Upper and Lower, baronies
of, 148, w., 165, n.
Iveragh, barony of, 47, w., 40, re., 84, n.
Iveruss. See Ui Rosa.
, parish of, 77, re.
K.
Kavenagh (Caemhanach), . . . 208, re.
Kealy. See O' Caelluidhe.
Keennght, barony of, . . 50, «., 122, w.
PAflE.
Kelly. See 0' Cfallnig/, imd O'Ciel-
luidhe.
Kenmare. See Ceann Mara.
Kenry. See Caenraidhc.
Kenry, barony of, 77, re.
Kerry. See Ciarraidhe.
Kevin, St. See Caeimhghin.
Kill, parish of. See Cill.
Killarney. See Loch Lein.
Killary. See Gael Shaile Ruadh.
Kilberry, parish of, 210, re.
Kilcoursy, barony of, 180, re.
Kilcoe, parish of, 46, re,
Kilcullen, parish of, 210, n.
Kilcrobane, parish of, . . . 59, re., 90, re.,
256, re.
Killfeacle. See Cill Fiacla.
Kilfenora See Cill Fiunnnbhrach.
Kilgad (in Connor), church of, . 124, re.
Kilgullane, parish of, 261, re.
Kilkea, barony of, . . . . 16, re., 210, re.
, pari.sh of, j 2 1 0, re.
Kilkeare. See Cill Cere.
Kilkelly. See Mac Giolla Ceallaigh.
Kilkelly, parish of, 19, v.
Kilkenny West, barony of, 180, «., 181, w,,
188, n.
Kilkeevin, parish of, 100, w.
Kilkerrin, parish of, 1 04, w.
Killany. See Eanach Conglais.
Killu.shin. See Gleann Uissen.
Killossy. See Ceall Ausaille.
Killyglen, pari.sh of, 171, re.
Kilmaconoge, parish of, . 59, re., 256, re.
Kilmacduagh. See Cill Mine Duach.
Kilmaine, barony of, 100, re.
Kilmallock. See Cill Da Cliealloc, 42, n.,
88, re., 93, re.
Kilmac, parish of, ... . 59, re., 256, re.
Kihnore, church and parish of, . 148, re.
Kilmovee, parish of, 19, n.
Inde.i
309
PACE.
Kiliiamuiiagh, parisli of, .... 1 00, n.
Kili)eafi)n. See Cill Beucuin.
Kilteely, parish of, -lU, «.
Kiltartan, barony of, 20, n.
Kilvvarlin, parish of, 163, «.
Kilwaughter, parisli of, . . . . 171,w.
Kiiiatallooii, bamny of, .... 72, n.
Kinealy. See O' Cinfhuelaidh.
Kinelartj' (see Cineal Fliai/fiai-taiffh),
161, «.
Kinehneaky, barony of, . o'J, n., 256, n.
King. See Mac Conroi.
Kinsellaglis (see Ui Ceinnsealaigh),
208, n.
Kirby. See O' Ciami/iaic.
Knock, parish of, 1 ()0, ji.
Knockany. See ^ine and Cnoc Aine.
Kiiockbreda. See Cnoc Breudaigh.
Kiiockgraffon. See Ginfann and Cnuc
GruJ'ann.
L.
I^ibhraidli, or Labhraidh Loingseach,
• fort of, . . . 14, n., 15, 15, n., 51, n.
I.adhranii (i. e. Ard-Ladhrann), . 202, n.
Laegbaire (the son of Niall), 53, 178, n.,
179, 224, n., 225,230, n., 231
1-acghaire, son of Fiachra Tort, ances-
tor of the Fir Li, 123, n.
Lore, .... 15, n., 250, n.
Laeighi.s, or Lacigh.sc (Leix), seven
sepU of, . . 166, »., 210, «., 214, n.,,
215, 210, n., 210, 222, n., 22.3, 269
lAeigh.scacli, C'cann Mhor, ancestor
of the Lacighsc, 214, n.
Laighin (I^iastcr), 3, 5, 15, 65, 193, 205,
217, 221, 251, 253, 259
I-aighin (sec Tuath Laig/iean), 3, 17, 33
'l'uallia-ghal)hair (northern),, j
Iiitrod. p. Iv., 32, '/., 33
PACE.
Laighin, Uias-gliabair (st)uthern), 88, »;.,
222, «., 223
I,;iiyhne l.L'alhaii-gidas, .... 144, «.
Laithreach Bniin (l^araglibrine),
cliurch of, 2o6, fc.
Lanii Klo (Lynally), ciiunh of, . 179, «.
Laniglibrine. See Laithreach Bruin.
Lame. See Lathuma.
■ , parisli of, 171, ".
Larkin. Si;e O'Lorcain.
Latliania (Laine), . . 169, 171, 171, ".
Latteragh (.see Lcilrenc/ia), . . 17, ».
Leanihain (sec Fir Leamhna),- . 145, 153
Leap, hero of. Loop Head (see Liim
na Con, 75, n.
Leath Chathail (Lecale), 157, 161, «., 163',
165, «., 169
Cluiiiiii (Conn's Half, or tlie
northern half of Ireland), 15, w., 57,
58, 71., 59, 76, rt.
Leath Mhogha (Mogh's half, or the
Southern half of Ireland). . 53, 58, /».
Leatracha. See Lcitrcucha.
Lecale. See Leath Chathail.
, barony of, ... liil, «., 165, n.
lA.'ighlin. See Leith-r/hlinn.
Leini na Con, king of (see Ltim Coii-
chulainn), 69, 85, 85, n.
Leini Conclmllain (Lca|), or Loop-
head), . 20, «., 48, »(., 75, w.. 260. n.
I.«in (Loch Lein, Killarnoy), 66, n., 67
I^iinster. See Laighin.
Leith ghlinn (Leiglilin), . . . . 211.»i.
I/jitrcaclia (Laltcragh^, j
Odhrain (Lattcragli, in b.i
rony of I'pi*'' Ormond), . . . 4'J, ».
Lfilhrinii I |,"i, l,',:i, l.iS, ;,,
Lei.x. See Lafighis.
Lent (CorgH.^), obligation of, . . |, ;/., .>
L<tterkenny. See J.itmr C'-annuighr.
Lfvney, bainny of im>»' l.nlghne . Id."., ;,.
310
Inde.c.
PAGE.
Li (Fir Li), people of, . . . 123, 123, n.
Lia Fail, 67, «.
Liamhain (Dunlaven), 40, w., 41, 203,
203, «., 228, 71., 229, 231
Ijiath-druim (old name ofTeamhair
or Tara, see Liath Thraigli), 144, n.,
14.7, 189, 237, n., 238
Liathmliuine, 261, 261, w.
Liath Thiaigh, 188, w.
Life (Liffey) river, II, «., 12, «., 186, n.,
188, n., 226
Liffey. See Life.
Ijimerick. See Ltniinrt^ch.
Linn Duachaill (Maglieraliua), .159, n.
Liiaithrinne, .... 241, 241, n.
Saileach (Loch Saileach, Suil-
each, orSwilly), 7, 23, 23, ?*., 248, n.
Lios Dun g-Claire, 92, n.
Litear Ceannaighe (Li tttn-kenny), 248, n.
Loch Aiiiinn (Lough i]niiol, near
Mullingar (Westmeatli), . . 8, w., 9, ».
Beag, 124, n.
Ceann, 89, 93
Cuan (Loch Cone, or Strang-
ford), 164, w., 165, 249, 249, n.
Corrib (see Locli Oirbsean), 105, n.
Eirne, 172, n.
■ . n-Eachach, or LiK'h n-Eathach
(Lough Neagh), 166, n.
Feabhail (Loch Foyle), see
Feabhail, 248, n., 249
Gair (Lough Gur), .... 90, «.
Lein (Killarnej'), 5, 17, 17, n., 53,
59, 59, M., 63, 69, 71, w., 75, 84, «.,
85, 257, 257, n.
Lurgan (the Bay of Galway), 105, n.
Measca (Mask), 100, re.
Oirbsean (Loch Corrib), . . 18, «.
100, n., 105, «., 115, n.
Ri (Lough Ree), . . 264, «., 265
Riach (T,oughrea), 2(!2, «., 264, «.
rA«E.
Loch Saileaeli (Lougli Swilly\ (sue
Linn Saihach, or Siiileach), 248, n., 249
Uair (Owel), ..... 9, ».
Londonderry (see Doire), ... 35, ».
Loop-head. See Leiin Chonchululnn,
and Leim na Con.
Lore (Laighin of), why Leinster ^vas
so called, 250, h., 251
Lorha. See Lothair.
Lothra. See Lothuir.
Lothair (Lorha), 39, /(., 52, «., 53, 2;j0, «.
Louglian. See O'Loehain.
Lough Cone. See Loch Cuan.
Foyle. See Loch Fenlhuil.
Gur. See Loch Gair.
Neagh See Loch n-L'ut/uich.
Loughrea. See Loch Riach.
Lough Ree. See Loch Hi.
Swilly. See Loch Saileach.
Lower Ormond, .... 17, «., 198, «.
Luaighne, Fian of, 205
Luchaid (in Dal Chais), .... 5, 21
■ , AngUcized Lowhid, ... 20, n.
Lughaidh (ancestor of the tiihe of
Leithrinn), 153, «.
Lughaidli Dealbhaeth (an aiice-stor of
the Dealbhna, Delvins), . . . 105, n.
Lughaidh Laeighsceaeh (ancestor of
the Laeighse), 214, 7*.
Lughaidh Mac Con, ancestor of the
Corca Luighe, Dairfliine, (i. e an-
cestor of the O'h-Eidirscfcoil or
O'Driscoll), U,n.
Lughair (the poet), 205
Luibneacli, 3
Luighne, (barony of Leyney, terri-
tory of O'h-Ara), 103, 104, «., 105,
113, IW, »., 115, 186, //., 187, 265,
265, II., iCiG, H., 207
Luimneach (Limerick), . . 26(1, «., 261,
2(^3
Index.
311
PAGE.
Luue, barony of, 186, n.
Lurg (Feara Luirg), . 119, 121, 121, «.
Lurg, barony of, 121, n.
, men of, 133, n.
Lynally. See Lann Elo.
M.
Mac Aedha (Mageo), . ..
Aenghusa (Magenni.-^s),
. 141. n.
164, n.,
165, n.
Anna (Mac Cann), .... 141, «.
Allisters of Scotland, descended
from CoUa Uais, 141, n.
Aftain, tribe of (in Down), 163, «.,
164, n.
Brody. See Maeilin Og Mac
Bruaideadha.
Cann (see Mac Anna), . . . 147, «.
Cai'thy. See Mac Carthaigh.
Carthaigh (Mac Carthy), . . 45, n.,
66, n., 71, n.
Cathaniaigb, 52 «.,
Ceoach (Mac Keogh), families
of, 45, n.
Cochlain (Mjic Coghlan), . .182, n.
Coghlan. See Mac Cochlain.
con, 64, n., 65
Conmara (Mac Xamara), family
of, 70, n.
Conroi (king), 105, n.
Cuileaniiain (Connac, king of
Miinster), 87, 87, «., and introduction,
p. viii.
Cuinn na m-Boch^ .... 212, n.
Daibhidh Mor (Mac Davy Jloro),
208, n.
Davy More. See Mac Daibhidh
Mor.
Dermol. S«'<' Mac Diarmadu.
IH.'iniin'la (Mac I'lrmoC), . I(i7, n.
PAGE.
Mac Doniluiaill, 141, w.
Donnell. See Mac Domhtiaill.
• Diigalds (of Scotland), . . . 141, «.
Duinnshleibhe (Dunlevy), . . 166, «.
Eochagain (Mageoghegan), . 52, n.
Eniry. See Mac Inneirghe.
Faelain, 205, n.
Fearghusa Ceirbheoil (Uiarmaid),
his reigii, 20, n.
Gilniory (Gilmore). See A/ac
Giolla Ml/ ire, 161, «.
Gillespick. See Mac Giolla Eps-
coip.
Giolla Ceallaigh (Kilkelly), 108, n.
Epscoip (Mac Gillespick),
172, 71.
Mhuire (Gilliinuny), . 161, «.
Pliadruig (Fitzpatrick), 40, >i.
Gorman, . . 48, n., 194, ti., 212, n.
- Inneirghe (Mac EnirA-), . . . 76, «.
Keogh. See Mac Ccough.
Mathghainhiia (MacMahon),. 48, n.,
70, n., 141, «., 148, w.
Mahon. See Mac Mathghamhna.
Murchadha (JIac Murruugh), 208, n.
Namara. See Mac Conmara.
Oireachtaigh (Geraglitys), . 107, i.
Uadog (Maddock), .... 208, n.
Uidhir (Muguire), . 120, n., 141, n.,
154, n.
Macha (see Ard Mncha, and Eamh-
ain Macha), . . . 149, 171, 227, n.
Machaire Chai.sil, 18, n.
Cluinnaciil, 10J,/i.
f)irghiall, 21. «.
Kois (Magheross, parish) of,
1.^4, >i.
Maedhlih, KiO, n.
Maeilin Og Mar Bniaideadlin (Mac
Br..dy) 212, «.
:Mail (llishoj,), chiinb i.f, . . . . 9, /».
312
Index.
PAGE.
Maelcobha, KJl,//., 165, «.
Maen-mhagli, 5
Magee. See Mac Acdhu.
Mageniss (see Mac Aenghunu), . llJiJ, «.
Mageoghegan. See Mac Eochagain.
Maguire. See Mac lidhir.
Magunihy, barony ol', 47, n.
Magh (see Magh Int/iii), . 124, tt., 12.5
Aei, . . 104, «., 105, 107, n., 117
Ailbhe, . 5, I'l, «., 17, «., 230, n.
Braiinduibh, 40, « , 41
Breagh (see Bimgh), 3, 205, 22(i, ?i.
CaiUe, 5, 87
Callaiu or Cuilliiiu (]\Ioyciilleii},
3, 11, 11, n.
Coblia, 7, 25, lil5, «., 246, w., 247
Dubliain, 131, «.
Druchtain, 213, «.
Eanaigh liosa, 93
Fea. See Fotliai ta Feu.
Feimhiu, . 6, 17, «., 18, >i., 40, «.,
49, 71.
Fian, 82, «., 83
lotha, 119, 125, 125, n , 127, 128, «.,
133, 133, 71.
Laighean, . . 222, n., 223, 250, ti.
Leana, battle of, 58, n.
Li, 123, 71.
Life, 226, w.
Line (Moylinny), . 142, «., 169,
170, n., 171
Locha, . 177, 178, n., 179, 188, n.,
189
Liiirg (Moylurg), 107, n.
Maistean (isee A/a/*'^m), . . 5, 15
Muirisce, 6, 19
Jl.ighnus Mac Mathglianilnia, . . 148, n.
:\ragh Naei, 89, 92, w., 93
n-Asail, 89
u-Eadarbane, or Magh u-Edar-
ba, : 89, 93
PAGE.
Magli Hath, 40, «., 41
Rein, 247, n.
Saire, 87, 90, «.
Sein-elieiiieoil, lOG, n.
Samhne, 170, n.
Teamhrach (see Teamhair), . 2, n., 3
Tuireadli, battle of, where fought,
115, /I.
Magheralin. See Linn Duachaill.
Maghery-Couall, 166, n.
Magheross. See Machaire Ruis.
Magheraboy, barony of, . . . . 120, /(.
Maigh (Maigue) river, 77, '.•.
Inis, 1 65, M
jNIaigue. See Muig/i.
Maigh (Maigue) river, 88, n.
Maine, sepulcliral nioinids of the wife
of, 5, 21
— — — (from whom Breagh Mhaine,
i. e. Brawny), 186, n.
Mai, 205
Mor, from whom Ui Elaine, 1U6, w.,
264, II.
Mainister an Aenaigh (Mannisterane-
iiagli)' ''1'"-
Maistin, plain of, 14, «.
■ (generallj- called Mullaghmast),
(see Magh and MuUagh Maisiean'),
14, n.
jNIannistcranenagh. See Maiuistir an
Aenaigli.
Mancha (or Moncha, or INIonaigh
Uladh, desc^ided from Monach of
Leinster). See Feai-a Manach,
169, 172, M., 173
Mann (see Manann), 3
Manann (Mann), 3
, the present Irish name of the
Isle of Man, 8, «.
Maryborough, East, barony of, . .214, n.
, West, barony of, . . ib.
IndiW.
» 1 o
Massareene (Upper), liaruny of, . 1G3, n.
(Lower), 23, n.
Matal, the term explaiuctl, . . 38, «., 39
Mathgliamhain (JIahon), king of II mi-
ster, 07, n.
^layne, river (see Ath Maiijltnc), . 10, n.
May-day (see Bealltaine ., .... 3
Meath. See Midhe.
^leg Uidhir (see Mac i'idhir, Ma-
guire\ 172, n.
Menedroichit Eanacli Tvuiin (Anna-
truini), 214, M.
Jliddluthird, barony of, 91, «.
Midhe (Meath), 39, 53, 78, «., 183, 188, «.,
191, 211, n., 22(!, n., 231, 267
iMileadh (Milosiiis), 51, n., 124, n.^ 174,
227, w., 237, n.
Milesius. See Mileadli.
Modh Huadh (ancestor of tlie tribe of
L'orcumruadh), 65, n.
Miigh Tluith, a celebrated dniid, 78, «.,
82, n., 94, «., 104, n.
]\Ionach, ancestor of the JIancha, or
Fir Manach (Fermanagh;, . . 172, n.
Monahan. See 0' Manc/itiin.
Monaglian, barony of, 148, «.
Monaigli Uladh (see Manclia), . 1 72, n.
Moone, parish of, 210, «.
, barony of, . . . .16, «., 210, «.
Morgallion, barony of, lf<8, n.
Mount Sandle. See Dun Da B/icann.
Mourne, barony of (not Crioch Mugli-
dhoriia), 38, «., Ill, «., 1 •')(», «., 16."), h.
Moyarta, barony of, , 48, «.
Moy Bruy (see Maffh lireag/t), 11, n.
Moycnlleii, ijarony of, 10.'), «.
Moygoisli, l)arony of, IH2, «.
.Moylagli, parish of, 1 78, n.
.Moylinny. See Mngh Linn.
.Moylin'g. See Mii;ili I.nii/.
MM.In.; I no
PAGi:.
Muciianih (Muck)ioe) 148, «.
Muckuoe. See Mucnamh.
Mucknoe, church of, ib.
Mughdhom (Crioch Mughdhorna, Cre-
niorue), 145, 154, n., 155
Dubh, 148, «., 150, «., 154, «.
Mughna h-Ealchainn (Ballaglnnoon), -
212, ».
Muilchead, a seat of tlie king of Cai-
seal, (Muilchear, now applied to a
river), 87, 89, 89, n.
Muintir Birn (see Ui Briuin .Irc/ioill),
151, n., 246, ti.
Fathaidh, 105, n.
Rodiiibh, 107, n.
Thadhgain, 180, m.
Muireadhach Meith (ancestor of the
Ui Meith), 148, w., 151, n.
Muilleathan (ancestor of
theSiol Muireadliaigh), . . . 107, h.
Muirisc (Murrisk), 10, ;i.
Muirisc, also the name of a district in
the barony of Tir Fhiachrach (Tire-
ragh), 19, «.
Muirtheiuihne, 7, 21, 21, »., 157, 166, n.,
167
Mniscritli (see Muscrnidhe)^ . . . 764
Midhollaad. See 0' Maelc/taHain.
Muilajiliinnono, 02, «.
Midlaghrecliun. Miillnch Raileann.
Alullaglnnast. See Mullach Maistean.
Mullacli .Maistean (Mullaghiuast), 212, «.,
214, «.
MuUadi lta(.ili'anii(.Mullaghrcclion), 210, /i.
Mmnha (Munster), 5, C, 19, 29, 35, 37,
41, 51, 59, 69, 71, 78, «., 87, 219, 255,
257, 259
, the two provinci's mI' i sr c
TiKith Mhtiniliii anil Ihax M/mni/iii.
Thnmond and Drfiiiinid). . . . 95
Minister. See Mniidiii.
314
Inde.i
PAGE.
Murbolcan (Trabulgaii), . . 89, 91, n.
Murchadh na n-Gaedhall, . . . 209, n.
Mur-nihagh (Murvy), ... 92, n., 93
Murph}'. See 0' Murchadha.
Murrisk, barony of, ... 56, n., 98, n.
Murvy. See Mur-mhagh.
Muscraidhe (Muskerrj-), 29, J 2, n., d3,
45, w., 62, n., 63, 69, 74, 75
, divided into six territories,
all in Munster, 42, w.
Breoghain. See Muscraidhe
Treithirne.
Chuirc. See ditto.
Donnagain. See Musc-
PAGE.
-Ui Fhloinn. See Mitxcraidhe
raidhe Tri Maighe.
larthair Feinihin, or west of
Feinihin, the country of O'Car-
thaigh, in Clanwilliam, Tipperary,
42, n., 4.^, w.
Luachra, the coiuitry of
O'h-Aeilha (O'Hea), at the source
of the Blackwater, ... 42, n., 44, n.
Mitine, or Muscraidhe Ui
Fhloinn (Mnsgrilin), in the country
of O'Floinn, in the north-west of
Cork, 42, /«., 44, n.
Tliire (Muskryheei-y), the
country of O'Donghaile and O'Fuirg
(Ornioud, in Tipperary), 29, ra., 42, ».,
45, n.
Treitheirne or Muscraidhe
Breoghain, or Muscraidhe Ui Chuirc,
the country of O'Cuirc, in Clanwil-
hara, in Tipperary, . . 42, n., 45, n.
Tri M. Jghe, the country oi
O'Donnagain, in Barrymore, Cork,
42, n., 45, n.
■ Ui Chuirc. See Muscraidhe
Treitheirne.
Muscraidhe, Ui Donnagain. See Mus-
criildhe Tri Maighe.
Mitine.
Muskerry, Muskry, or MusgTy. See
Muscraidhe.
Myross, parish of, 47, n.
N.
Naas. See Nas.
Nas (Naas), residence of the kings of
Leinster till the tenth century, 3, 9, 9, «.,
99, 203, 205, n., 226, «., 250, n., 251,
j 253
I Nangle, 103, n.
I Naragh, barony of, 210, w.
I
Naraghmore, parish of, . 14, «., 210, 7i.
Navan, fort or rath (see Eamhain), 22, w.
Navan (Upper and Lower), baronies
of, . . 178, n., Introduction, p. xxvii.,
note '".
New Chapel, parish of, 92, h.
Newcastle, barony of, 13, >i.
Newry. See lubhar.
river, 136, n.
Newtown- Ards, 164, n.
Niall of the Nine Hostages, race ot^
34, n, 53, 107, n., 108; »., 130, ».,
131, w., loo, 135, M, 151, n., 166, «.,
178, w., 230, n.
Niall O'Neill (A. D 1387), . . 22, n.
the Haughty, 148, «.
Niallan, race of (see O' Neilland,
barony), 147, «.
Nic, (see Aenghus Nic), 199
Nicholastown, parish o^ . . . . 210, «.
Nore, river. See Eoir and Feoir.
Norse tribes (see Fin.gall), . . . 220, n.
Northmen, Norwegians, &c., . . 226, «.
North Munster (see Tuafh Mhumha'),
105, «.
Nowhin. See OW'nal/aiii.
Jntle.
V.
:^lo
1'a<;k.
O.
Oath of a hostage, 140, re.
O'Baeigheallaiii (O'Boylan), . . 153, n.
O'Baiscinn, 48, «.
O'Bearga, 77, w.
O'Beime. See O'Birn.
O'Birn (O'Beime), 265, ».
O'Boylan. See 0'' BaeigheaUuin.
O'Boyle. See O'EuighiU.
O'Braein (O'Breen), 186, «
O'Brain (O'Byrne), 205, w.
O'Breen. See O'Braein.
O'Briain (O'Briau), families of, . 70, n.,
105, «., 212, n.
O'Brien. See O'Briain.
O'Bruic (Brick), 49, n.
O'BiiighiU (O'Boyle), 126, n.
O'Byrne. See 0' Brain.
O'Bjrne's country, 205, n.
O'Caelluidhe (Kealy), 213, n.
O'Caeimh (O'Keeffe), countiy of, 74, n.,
78, n.
O'Caenihain, . . . . . 108, «., 152, n.
O'Caise, 212, n.
O'Callaghan. See O' Ccallachuin.
O'Canannain (O'Canannan), . . 126, n.
O'Caoinih (O'Keeffe, see O'Caeimh).
coiintrj' of, 74, «.
O'Caliamcy. See I'i L'ut/iar>tai(//i.
O'Cainnealbhain, Hi, n.
O'Carroll. See 0' Cearbhaill.
O'CarroU, Sir Charles, 78, n.
O'Carlhaigli, 42, n.
O'Catliaiii (O'Kane), . . 50, «., 122, n.,
125, 71.
O'Catlialaim (Cahallaii), .... 45, n. j
O'Catlia.saiKli (»;a.s.y), . 1 87, «., 26C, «.
O'Ceallacliaiii (O'Callaghan), . . 72, »».
O'Ceallaigh (O'Kclly), . 32, "., 52, ».,
53, «., 213, n.
fl'Coail.li.iill ((iCarii.li;, . :>'.), "., 7«, «.
PAGE.
O'Ciannliaic (Kirby), . . 46, «., 67, n.
O'Cinfhaelaidh (Kinealy), ... 76, w.
O'Clery. See O'Clerigh.
O'Clerigh (O'Clery), 108, «.
O'Coileain (Collins), 76, n.
O'Coindhealbhaiu (O'Quiulan), . 52, ».
178, H.
O'Conghaile (O'Connell), , 32. n., 47, n.
O'Conghalaigh (O'Connolly), . . 53, w.
O'Conchobhair (O'Conor or O'Con-
nor), 48, n., 50, w., 65, »., 107, «.,
122, w., 124, »., 216, n.
O'Conchobhair Failghe (O'Conor Fa-
ly), 193, n, 216, «.
Ciarraidlie (O'Conor
Kerry), 49, n., 82, w.
Itiiaidhri (Roderic
O'Conor), 88, «.
of Gleanji Geimhin,
(O'Conor of Glengiveii), from
whom descended, 122, «.
O'Connor or O'Conor. See O'Con-
chobhair.
O'Conor Kerrj'. See 0' Conchohhair
Ciarraidhe.
of Glengiven. See O'Con-
chobhair of Gleann Geimhin.
Faly. See O'Conchobhair
I'ltlii/hi'.
O'CuiMull, . 7t>, II.
Sec O'Conghaile.
O'Connolly. See O' Congha/aigh.
O'Cuinn (0'(>iiinn), 70, >i.
O'Cuirc, 42, «.
Odhbha Ccara (Ilailovy), jiarLsli of,
1 1 ."., II.
O'Deaghaidh (O'Dea), . . 70, "., 93, w.
O'Dca. Sec O' Dcaghaidh.
O'Dempsey. See Diomaxuigh.
O'Dloma-saigh (f»'I>iini>soy), . . I'.i:!. »/.,
216. 'I.
316
Index.
FAOK.
ODochartaigb (O'Doherty), . . 132, n.
O'Doherty. See O' Dochartaigh.
O'Domlinaill (^O'Donnell), 48, »/., 126, w.,
131, «., 132, n., 267, n.
O'Dongliaile, 42, n.
O'Doiinobhain (O'Douovan), (see Ui
Fid/igheinte^, 46, w., 67, n.
O'Doimagain (Donegan), .... 42, n,
O'Douncbadha(O'Donoboe), 72, w.., 257, ».
O'Doiinell. See O'Domknaill.
O'Donogbue. See O' Donnchadlia.
O'Douovau. See O' Donnobhain.
0'Dooli.y. See O'Duhhlaighe.
O'Dowda. See O'Duhhda.
O'Driseoll. See O'h-Eidirsceotl.
O'Driscoll's country. See Corca
Lvighe.
t)'Dubbagain (O'Dugaii), . . . 78, p.
O'Diibbhiighe (O'Dooley), . . .180,".
O'Dilgan. See 0' Diihhagain.
O'Dubbda (O'Dowda), .... 108, n.
O'Diiniie. See 0' Duinn.
O'DuibbdiiUine 212, w.
O'Duibh (Deevy), 216, w.
O'Duinu (O'Diuui. ), 193, n.
O'Duibhtbire 152, w.
O'FacIain (Pbelan), 49, n.
O'Failbbe (O'Falvy), fmiiily of, . 47, «.
O'Falvy. See 0' Failhhe.
O'Fan-ell. See O'Feargliail
O'Faberty. See 0' Fatharfaigh.
O'Fatbartaigb (O'Faberty), . . . 105, n.
Offaly. See Ui FaUghe.
Oflelan. See Ui Faelain.
O'Fiaelira, 196, n.
O'Fiachrach (Opbeathrach), . . 121,w.
O'Fioiinacbtaigh, 107, n.
O'Fioiiuallain, 182, n.
O'Fogarty. Sen 0' Fogartaigh.
O'Fogartaigh (O'Fogarty), . . . 78, «.
OTbdicrtv. Sic ()' Flaithbhrnrtithih.
PAGE.
O'Flaithbbeartaigh (O'FJaherty),. 98, »».
O'Flanagan. See O' Flanagain.
O'Flanagain (O'Flanagan) . . . 12i), ;/.
O'Flaniiabhra (Flannerj'^), . . . 76, n.
O'Fhloiun (O'Lyn), . . 1 11, «., 159, «.
O'Floinn (O'Flynn), 42, n.
O'Fuirg, 42, M.
O'Gadbra (O'Gara), 103, n.
O'Gara. See 0' Gadhra.
O'Gairbbitb (O'Garvey), 107, «., 105, «.,
208, II.
O'Galcbobbair (O'Gallagber), . .126, n.
O'Gallagber. See 0' Galchohhuir.
O'Garvey. See O' Gairhhith.
O'Gormain (and see Mac Gormaln),
Ui Bairrche, descended from Dairo
Barrach, son of tbe niynareb Ca-
I tbaeir Mor, 212, «,.
! O'Gorman. See 0' Gormain.
O'b-Adhnaidh (Hyney), .... 105, >i.
j O'h-Aedba (O'Hea), 42, n.
O'h-Aenghusa (Hennessy), . . . 188, n.
I O'li-Again (O'Hagan), 36, «.
! O'Hagan. See O'h-Again.
I O'Ainbbitb (0'Hanvey\ . . . . 165, «.
O'b-Ainligbe (O'llanly;
. 2(!5, ".
O'b'Airt (Ilarte or O'Hart , 32, /t., 53, ii.
O'b-AuUiain (O'Hanlon), . . .1JI,».
(^'Hanlon. See O'h-Anhiuui,.
O'Hanlan's country. See Oiitheur,
(Orior).
O'Hanly. See O'h-Ainlig/ie.
O'b-Anmcbadha, 72, n.
O'llanratty. See Crh- Innrenchtaigh.
O'Hauvey. See O'h-Jinbhit/i.
O'Hannefey. See O'h-Ainhhilh.
O'h-Aodna. See O'h-Atdha.
O'b-Aonghusa. See O'li-Aenglmsa.
O'b-Ara (O'llara), lO;!. «.
O'llart. See O'/i-.lirl.
O'b-Kidbin (O'lleyne), 108, »., I OH, n.
hitJe.r.
«> 1 7
PAGE.
(')'ii-i:oiiiJuiiia u;g, M.
< )'li-l':iilirsceoil (O'DnscoU), 40, n., oO, ».,
> G4, n., 07, 11., "."), «., 257, n.
O'li- Kiinigh (0'Hcgny\ .... 154, ».
0-Hfii,rny. See 0'h-E,jnigh.
O'h-Kidhin, 109, «.
O'lleyiip. See 0'h-Eid/,in.
O'h-lfcaruaiii (Ileffernaii), . . . 45, n.
O'h-Innreachtaigh (OHaiiratty),
148, n.
O'h-Oncon, 208, w.
O'h-Uidhrin (O'Heerin), .... 42, m.
Oiloan nior Arda Neimliidh, . . . 72, n.
Oilioll, king of Ui Maine, .... 107, n.
Ceadach, .... 200, n., 201
Earanu, ancestor of the Earna,
Flann-beag, 230, n.
■ Olum, 45, 4G, »., 53, 53, n., 57, ».,
59. CG, n., 72, w., 78, n., 85, 88, n.,
103, n., 122, n., 18G, «., 187, «., 188, n ,
25 G, «., 230, n.
Oilneagmacht (ancient name for Con-
nacht), 5
Oirbsean (Loch Corrib), . . 5, 18, «., 19
Oirghialla (Oriel or Uriel), 21, n., 22, n.,
33, 37, 121, 135, 130, «., 137, 138, w.,
139, 130, n., 140, n., 141, 141, n.,
142, />., 143, 147, 148, «., I.jl, „.,
152, »., lCl,w., 1G5, w., 160,7*., 240, ».,
247. ».
Oirthcar (Orier), Criodi na n-()ir-
tlimr, in (lirgliialla, 148, n.
, in Uladli, . 157, IGI, 101, ji.
O'Kane. .S<;e O'Cal/iain.
O'KeefTe. See O'Caeim/i aiidf V ('uriiit/i.
O'Kelly. See O'Ceallaiyh.
f)li;than (see Ui Liathain), . . . 72, w.
O'Laidhghin 212, /«.
O'liC'orliain f I'O'iglian), and sec
O'Loc/iain, 188, n.
< I'Liatliain fscc r/ /,»<///ifli))), . . 72,//.
r\r,F.
O'Loc'hain (Cuan), author of the poein
on the Geasa, Ike, 0, 13, and Litro-
duction, p. xlii.
O'Lochlainn (O'Longhlin or O'Logh-
len), chief of Boirinn (BiuTen), 49, n.,
65, n.
O'Loingsigh, 45, n.
O'Loniaiii, 262, ii.
O'Lorcain (Larkin), 211.//.
O'Longhlin. See O'Loc/ilninn.
O'Lyn. See O'F/ifoinn.
O'jMachaidhen, 141, ».
O'M.aelchallainn (Jlulholland), . 77, n.,
182, n.
O'Maeil-eachlainn (O'Melaghlin). See
O' Maeihheachlainn, . 180, n., 182, w.
O'lNIacMf.raidh (O'AWIilory), . . 12G, v.
O'.^Iaclduin (O'Middoon), . . .121,//.
O'Maelfinnain, 174, »/.
0'M.aeImhuaidh (O'Molloy^ . . 52, «.
O'Ma.'hiain (0':\laliian-, . . . 212, n.
O'Maeilslieaclilainn (0'.Molaghlin\ 52,;/.
0':Mathglianihna (O'Mahony), . 46, w.,
59, ;,.
O'JIaliony. .See (f Mathghamhna.
O'Maille (O'lMalloy), . . . 50, >/., 98, //.
O'Malley. See O'Moillr.
O'Mancliain (Monahan), .... 205. /«.
O'Matliaidh, 212, «.
( >".Mathghanilina (O'Mahony ', . . 250,//.
Oniargy (see Stiiibh Mitlri/i''), . . 191, //.
0'Meachair(0"Meaghar;, .... 78, /i.
O'.Moagliar. O' Meitr/iuir.
O'.M.ath (see Ui Mcit/i), . . . . 1 )«, //.
O'Milaghlin (Mac Loughlin). See
O' Maeihheachlainn ,
O'MoUoy. Sec O' Mnelmhuaidh.
O'.Mordhn (0*^Inore, Omore, Moore,
&e.), 210,//., 21), n.
O'Mordha. See O' More.
(I'M. ire, O'McKtre. See O' M..nl/i,i.
:^18
?.v.
PAGE.
0' Morn a. See Cionaeth (Kenny j,
O'Monia.
O'Mnldoon. See OMaelduin.
(^'JMuldorj'. See 0' Maeldoraidh.
O'Mulrian. See O' Maeilriain.
O'Mncehadlia (Murphy), .... 208, n.
Onnirethie, deanery of, 210, m.
Omna Renne, 148, n.
O'Neill (the race of Eoghan), . . 132, n.
O'Neill of Clann Aedha Buidhe (Clan-
naboy), 163, »., 166, n.
O'Neill, Seaan. See Seann O'Neill.
Oneilland. See Ui Niallain.
, East and West, baronies of,
146, n., 147, n.
O'Nolan. See O'Nuallain.
O'Nuallain (O'Nolan), 211, n.
Ools. See Umhall.
Ophaly (East), barony of, ; . . .216, n.
(AVest), barony of, . . . ib.
Opheathi-ach (O'Fiachrach), churches
of, 121, n.
O'Quinlan. See O' Coindhenlbhain.
0"Quin. See G'Cuinn.
O'Raglmllaigli (O'Reilly), . . . IO7, n.
Orbhraidlie (Orrery), 61, 63, 64, w., 66, w.,
67, 89, 95, 95, w.
Ord, 89, 93
Oriel. See Oirghialla.
Orior (O'Hanlon's countiy), baronj' of
(see Oirfhear in Oirghialla), . 148, n.
Ormond (Upper and Lower), baronies
of, 29, n., 42, n., 52, n., 78, n.
Ormond, earl of, 78, n.
O'Regau. See o' Riagain.
O'Reilly. See 0' Raghallaigh.
O'Riain (Ryan), 212, n.
O'Riagain (O'Regan), . . 32, »., 53, n.
O'Rourke. See O'Buairc.
O'Ruairc (O'Rourke), 107, n.
Orrerv. See Oibhraidhe.
PAon.
O'Seachnasaigh (O'Shaughnessy),
108, n., 109, n.
O'Seagha (O'Shea), ... 47, «., 76, n.
O'Scolaidhe (Scully), 182, h.
O'Shaughnessy. See O'Seachna-
saigh.
O'Sheas. See O'Seagha.
O'Sullivan. See 0' Suilleahhain.
O'Suilleabhain (O'Sullivan), 40, «., 47, n.
Osraidheach (Aenghus), . . . . 17, n.
Osraidhe (Ossory), . 17, n., 40, 40, w.,
42, n., 51, 53, 55, 59, n., 81, 81, «.,
83, 88, w., 214, n., 219, 253.
Ossory. See Osraidhe.
, diocese of, 17, n.
, baronies of, . . 214, »i., 258, w.
O'Tadhg (Tighe), 210, n.
O'Tolairg, 181, n.
O'Toole, Laurence. See St. Lorcan
O'Tuathail.
O'Tuathail (O'Toole), . 205, n., 207, n.
Oughteranny, barony of, ... . 205, n.
Oulartleigh, 208, n.
Owel, Lough. See Loch Uair.
Owney, barony of. See Uaithne.
Owles. See Umhall.
P.
Pap mountains. See Chioch Danann.
Patrick, Saint,
, of his angel, Victor, prophe-
sying his coming and the supre-
macy of Caiseal, 29
, his father called Alplann, . 31
Alprann, 55, 57
• in Latin Cal-
pornius, 31, w.
called Ua Deochain Calforn,
&c., 225
, his blessing on Caiseal, 31, 51,
53, 55
Jllill'.V.
319
PAGE.
Patrick, Saint, liis lilessing on Ath
C'liatli, . . . 231, and Introd. p. xii.
pro /lahilatoribus
Hiliemia:, . 235, and Introd. p. xxxv.
, said to have adjusted the tri-
butes of Munster, 51
, story of his converting the
Galls of Ath Cliatli, 227
Partraidhe (Partry), . . . 11."), 115, n.
Petits, . . . . f 180, «.
Phelan. See O'Faelain.
Philip de Barry (see Barrymore), 72, u.
Pobble O'Keeffe (see Irrluachair^, 74, n.
Poets, privileges of, and superiority
to bards, 7, n., 235
Portnahinch, barony of, .... 214, n.
Powers, 49, n.
Powerscourt, in Feara Cualann, . 13, n.
Pubblebrian, barony of, . . . . 9],7(.
Q.
Quin, (see O'Cuinti), 216, «.
Quinlan. See O' Coindhealhhain.
Quirk. S<'e O'Cuirc.
K.
Hacavan, parish of, 1 24, »i.
Itafann, 89, 93, 93, n.
Kaeilinn, 210, 211, n.
Ramoan, parish of, 124, n.
Raphoe, barony of, . . . 34, n., 121, n.,
131, n.
Raithhnn, 53, 59, 59, n., 03, f.7, C9, n.,
73, 73, n., 83, 83, n.
Rathcro>j;han (see Cruachaln), . 20, n.
ICatlicniucliun (see Cruarhaiu), . 34, n.
Rathdown, bamnj' of, 13, n.
Rathkealr, Rath Geala, anciently Rath
IValadh 9», n.
PACK.
Rath Arda, 89, 94, n., 95
Arda Suird, 94, «.
Beathaidh (Kath-veagh), . 203, w.,
and Introd. p. 1.x.
— , Cruachain, 16, m.
Droma Deilge, or Droraa Deilg,
89, 95, 95, n.
Eire, 89, 94, n., 95
Faeladh (see Ruthkeah), . 89, 95
Easpuig Innic, 161, n.
Gat'la (see Itathkeale), . . 94, n.
Liblithen, cliurdi of, . . . 179, n.
Line, 7, 23, 23, n.
]\Iuighe, 245, n.
Mor Muighe, 245
Eathin Mochuda, cliurdi of, : . 179, n.
Rathoohtair Caillinii, 12, n.
Rathveagh. See Rath Rcathaidh.
Rathvilly, barony of, 208, it.
Ratoath, barony of, 182, w.
Roachrainn (island of Rathlinu), 226, n.
Red lirant'li, lionx-a of the (see
Craebh Ruadh), 166, n., 249, 249, n.
Red Hugh O'Domu 11. See Aedh
Ruadh O' DonihndiU.
Rheban, barony of, 210, n.
Ring.s, . . . ; 35, 35, n.
Riini Sibhne (Island Magec), . . 141, n.
River Hann, 159, h.
Bearbha (Barrow), . . .210, «.,
2 1 3, II.
Boinn (Bojnio), 226, n.
Eithne (Inny), 180, «.
Eofi- or Kcoir (Nore), . . . 203, w.
— — I'lngla.-*, 226, u.
Gabhal (Feegile, or Fiodh(Jablila),
214,11.
Lagan, 163, n.
Life (Liffey), 186, /»., 188, n. 226, w.
Afai^h (Maigue), .... 67, ii.
Roa (Itoc) 50, I).
:m)
Inde.v.
River Sioiiainn (Shannon),
Siiilench (Swilly), .
Siiiiv (Siiir), . . .
Eitairec,
Rithleai'g,
Roa (Roe), the river, . 122,
Roche's country (see Crioch Ro
PAGE.
264, V.
248, n.
49, n.
192, n.
192, 72.
11., 133, V.
steach,)
78, P.
Eockbarton, 90, ?).
Roderic O'Conor. See Ruaidhri
U Conchohhair.
Roe, river. See Roa.
Roote. See Riita.
Kos (in Fearney). See Feara Ros
and Fearn-mhuighe, 145, 154, «., 193,
198, «., 194, n.
Ros Failghe, son of Cathair Mor (see
Ui Failghe), 205, 216, n.
Roseach (Russagh), church of, . 182, n.
Ross, diocese of, comprised in Corca
Lilt ff he, 46, n., 64, n.
Rosa or Rosses, the Three, ... 19, n.
Ros Raeda, 87, 89
Ruadhan (St.) of Lothair, his fasting
against Teanihair or Tara, . . 53
Ruaidhri O'Conchobhair (Roderic
O'Conor), 100, m.
Rudhraidlie, sons of, ancient name for
the inhabitants of Ulster, . 240, n., 241
Russagh. See Roseach.
Ruta (Roote), 159, n.
Ryan. See O'Riain, and O'Maelriain.
S.
Saddles, 209, n.
Sadhbh, 45, n
Saint Abtian, 213, n.
Aedhan mac Aenghusa, church
of, 148, w.
Audoon's, Dnhlin, .... 230, n.
PACE.
Saint Baithenus, 131, n.
— Benean. See Benean.
Bernard, 142, //.
Rearchan, 214, n.
Caelainn, 100, n-
Caeimhghin (Kevin), 12, n., 207, n.
Colnian Mac Duach, . . . 108, n.
Coluni Chille, 35, «.
■ Diannaid, 194, n.
■ Eanna, 91, n.
Fiach, 194, n.
Greallan, 106, n.
Kevin. See Caeimhghin.
^ Lorcan O'Tuathail (Laurence
O'Toole), 210, n.
Maeldoid, 148, w.
Maidoc, 202, n.
Mochuille, 82, «.
Molaga, 82, ?).
Patrick, son of Alplann or Al-
prann, 8,n., 17, n., 30, n., 31, 43, 115, ?; ,
125, n., 146, n., 148, /i., 151, n., 159, «.,
165, «., 180, n., 224, «., 226, w., 227,
230, n., 232, n.
Patrick, Benedictio Patricii, . 235, n.
Ruadhan, ..... 39, n., 57, n.
Tighearnach, 172, n.
Saithne, the tribe name of the family
of O'Cathasaigh (Casey), in Fin-
gall, N. E. of Dublin, 187, 187, n., 267
Salt, barony of, 205, n.
Samhain (All Hallows), ... 10, n., f>r)
, River, (the Morning Star), 46, n.
Saran (ancestor of Mac Aenghusa,
]\lagennis), 165, n.
Saraidh, daughter of Conn of the
Hundred Battles, from whom de-
scended the Muscraidhe, . . 42, n., 45
Savadges, 161, n.
Seal Balbh (king of Finland), . . 226, r..
Scandinavian nations, 227, n.
Index.
321
PAGE.
Scing, its meaning, ... 70, w., 205, n.
Scool, parish of, .... .59, >»., 2oC, n.
Scotland. See Alba.
Screapall, 228, n.
Scully. See O'Scolaidhe.
Seachtmhadh, a territory in Tippe-
rary, adjoining Ara, . . 43, 49, 49, n.,
61, 63.
Seaghais, ancient name of the moun -
tain district of Coirr Sliliabli (Cur-
lieu) in Roscommon and Sligo, .5, 20, n.,
21
Sealbach the Sage, (and Introduc-
tion, p. viii), 60, «., 61
•Seanchua Chaein (Shanahoe), a seat
of the king of Caiseal, . 87, 89, 89, n.
Seannain or Sionnain (Shannon) River,
77, n.
.Semhne or Magh .Semhne, in Dal
Araidhe, . . . . 169, 170, w., 171
Sescnean, .... 29, 33, 51, 53, 119
Seskinan, parish of, 16, «.
Shanahoe. See Seanchua.
Shane's Castle, 170, «.
Shannon river. See Seannain and
Sionnain.
.Sidh-dliruini, the ancient name of Cai-
seal, 28, «., 29
Sidh Xe.achtain, 19, n.
Sioll Duibhthire (see Diiihhlhir), . . 145
Muireadhaigh, . 97, 107, 107, n.,
Ill, 112, n., Introd. p. x.
Sionnach (Fox), 52, n.
Sionnain river (Shannrm). Si-e Scan-
nnin, . 105, «., 106, n., 181, «., 259
.Siuir river (the Suir), .... 5, 17, w.
Six-mile- water river, 170, «.
Slane, barony of, l.'')2, «.
Slatey. Sec Sleibhte.
Slemmish. See Sliahfi Mis.
Slcttv. See Shihhte.
PAGE.
Sliabh Ailduin, or Devil's Bit Moun-
tain, 17, ».
Bladhrna (Slieve Bloom), . 17, h.,
40, w., 258, w., 259
Breagh (range of hills in the ba-
rony of Ferrard), 185, n.
Caein (now Sliabh Riacli, on the
borders of Limerick and Cork), . 93, >«.
Callainn( Slieve Gallion}, moun-
tain of, east of the Bann, . . . 123, w.
Calraidhe (Slieve Golry), in
Longford, anciently Brigh Leithe, 9, n.
Cua, ancient name of CnocMael-
domhnaigh in Waterford (see Cwa),
5, 16, «., 17, 92, n.
Chairbre, on the north boundary
of Longford, 11, «.
r- Echtghe (Slieve Aughty), . 260, n.
Eibhlinne, in Tippcrary, adjoin-
ing Coonagh, 92, «.
(Sliebhtc Fheidhlimidh),
260, n.
Fuadlia, in Cuailgluie, . . . 21, w.
Fidhit, in Cuailghne, .... ib.
Fuaid. See Fuaid.
Guairc, in Cavan, 188, w.
Liag, in Donegal, 130, ;/.
Logha or Lughn, in Mayo, . 18, n.
Luachra, . . 42, w., 48, w., 258, n
Lugha, 5, 19, 103, «.
Mairge (sec Slievemargy'), . 16, w.
Mis (Slemmi.sh), . . 23, n, 159, n.
Mughdhom, 148, «.
I'artraidhe (set- Vurtrdidhv), 115, «.
Riach, 9;i, /,.
Sleibhte (Slatey or Sletty), 194, w., 208, «.
Fheidhlimidh. Sec Sliabh
liihhiinnr.
Slieve Auglity. .See Sliabh Echlghf.
Bloom. .See Sliabh lllntlhma.
Tuaid, ll,n
X
322 -
Index.
PAGE.
Slieve Gallion. See SUdbh CaUainn.
Golry. See Sllahh Calraidhe.
Slievemargy, barony of, . . . . 212, «.
(see Sliahh Mairge), 214, n.
Slieve Partry. See Sliabh Partraid/ie.
Small County, barony of, . 86, n., 90, n.,
93, n.
Soghains, 1G6, n.
South Munster (see Z>esmoMf?), . . 254, w.
Stagiie Fort. See Cathair na Steige.
Stipends, 109, n.
Stone of Destiny. See Lia Fail.
Stradbally, barony of, 214, w.
Strang Fiord (Strangford) (see Loch
Cuaii), 1G4, w.
Suca (Suck) river, . . 105, «., lOG, n.
Suck river. See Suca.
Suilidhe (Swilly), the river, . . . 131, m.
Suir, the river (see Siuh-), 17, n., 18, n.
Sumann Dealbhna (ancestor of the
Delvins), 105, n.
Swilly. See Suilidhe, Suileach, and
Saileach.
T.
Taeidhean, or Tuighean, described,
Introd., p. ix., 32, 83
Tadhg, ancestor of Saint Benean, . 51
, father of Cormac Gaileang, 186, n.,
187, M., 188, n.
Taillte (Tailltean, Tailltin, Telltown),
137, 143, 203, 204, «., 205, 243, n.,
249, 249, n.
Talbotstown (Upper), barony of, 207, n.
Talten, battle of (see Taillte), . . 194, n.
Tankardstown, parish of, .... 210, w.
Tara (see Temnhair), . . 32, v., 39, n.
Tarbert, boundaiy of Ciarraidhc Lu-
achra, 48, n.
Taughboyne, parish of, '\Sl,n.
PAGF.
Teabhtha (Teffia), . . 3, 11, n., 180, «.
Teach Daimhain (Tidowan), chm-ch
of, 216, «.
Theallain, church of Tehallan,
149,?..
Tealach Ard, 178, w.
Teamhair (Tara, in Meath), 3, 5, 7, 13,
25, 33, 39, 53, 57, 57, n., 81, 87, 90, n.,
136, 137, 143, 159, 177, 179, 183, 185,
187, 191, 193, 203, 225, 231, 239, 241 ,
243, 245, 249, 251, 255, 265, 267,
269, 272
Shubha (see Teamhair
Luachra), 87, 90, »,., 91
Luachra, or Teamhair
Luachra Deaghaidh, 90, n., 225, line 4,
257, 261, 263
, Feisof, . 7, 272, Introduction,
p. I.
Earann (see Teamhair
Luachra), 254, n.
Tearmonn Caelainne, 100, w.
Mor, ib,
Teffia (see Teabhtha), . . . . 3, 10, w.
Tegh-Thellain (Tehallan), church of,
149, w.
Tehallan. See Teach Theallain,
Tegh-Thellain.
Teltown. See Taillte.
Templeregan, 13, w.
Teora Tuatha(of Connacht), . . 265, w.
Terryglass. See Tir Da Ghlais.
Thomond. See Tuath Mhumhu.
Three Collas (see CoUa), . 137, 156, w.
Waters, meeting of (see Comar),
17, n., 40, w.
Rosses. See Ros.
Tibohine, parish of, 100, w.
Tidowan. Sec Teach Daimhain.
Tigh Conaill, in Cualann, church of,
13, V.
Index.
323
I'AGE.
Tigh Duinu, islands at the mouth of
the Iiay of Keiiniare, .... 51, 51, n.
j\Iic Dinimac, m Cualann, church
of, 18, n.
Timohng, parish of, 210, w.
Tinnalunch, barony of, . 214, w., 21C, w.
Tinne (a salted pig), 121, n.
Tir Acdha (Tirhugh), territory of,
130, n.
— Bcccan, 182, n.
— 15oghauic, 130, n.
— liriuin na Sionna, 2G5, n.
— Cliaerthaimi (Thkeerin), barony of,
122, n.
— Chonaill (Tyrconnell, Donegal),
31, 31, n., 35, 126, w., 131, n.
• — Tir Da Ghlais (Terrj^glass), abbot
of, 198, H.
— Kanna, 184, n.
— Kiigliain (Tyrone), . . 31, 35, 35, n.
— Fhiachrach (Tireragh) barony of,
10, w., 108, H.
— Jlic Caerlhainn, 122, n.
— ()iliolla(Tirerill), 184, w.
Tirawlcy, barony of, 108, n.
Tireragh. See Tir Fhiachrach.
Tirhugh (Tir Aedlia), barony of, . !!),«.
Tirkeeran. See Tir Chnerthuinn.
Tlachtgha, . . . 3, 10, «., 147, 178, n.
Toaghie (see Tuuth Eachadhd), 148, n.,
lol, n.
Toinar, prince of the Galls of Dublin,
Introd., ]). xxxvi., 41, 207, 207, w.
Toorah. Sec 'Twath Hatha.
Tort, Tuathas of (see Ui Tuirlre), 124,
l-2o
{(MV Hill. See Cnoc Droma A sail.
Trabolgan. See Murbokan.
Tralco, 4 7, n., 4M, «.
Traut.'i, 47, n.
Tradraidhe, 42, n.
PAGE.
Treada-na-riogh, a fort of the king of
Caiseal, 89, 93
Tri Kosa, the three Rosses of Donegal, b
Trim, church of, 178, n.
Trough, territory of, 151, n.
Tiiaim and Tuaim Teanbath, . 15, 15, m.
n-Eatain, n-Eidhin, seats of
the king of Caiseal, 89, 93
mna (Anglicized Toomna), on
the River Boyle, 20, n.
Tuaisceart Muighe (a seat of the king
Caiseal), 87, 90, «.
Tuaithbhual (explained), .... 2,n.
Tuath Eachadha (ICocluiidh's district),
Toaghie, in Armagh, distinguish-
ed from the Ui Eachach Uladli,
148, H.
Laighean 3, 12, w., 195
Mhuraha(Tliomond), 212, n., 260, h.,
261, 2G3
Ratha (Toorah), 119, 120, «., 121
Tuatha (Tiiroc), 265, 265, n.
Tuatha de Danann, . . . 124, n., 174, w.,
248, n.
Tuathal Teachtmhar, (S, m., 10, n., 226, n.
Tuathas of Tort [Ui Tuirtre], . . 124, «.
Tuites, 180, «.
Tulach Carboid (Tullycorbet), . . 148, n.
Chearnaigh, 39
Dubhghlaise (Tullydought'^s),
131, n.
Og, TuUaghogo, or Tully hawk,
31, 33, 36, n., 37, 119, 125, 125, «.,
129, 135
l'am-15uidhe(Tullamoy), 134, m.,
213, n.
Tullagli, pari.sh of, in Carbcrry. . 46, »/.
Tuilamoy, 213, «.
Tullaghogc. Sec Tulach ()<j.
TuUow, tiie U)\vn of, Tullow Olfcliniy
(see f'e Feilmcadha), .... 208, «■
324
Indec
iL •
P4GE.
TuUycorbet, parish of (sue Tulach
Carboid), 148, n.
TuUydouglass. See Tnluch Duhh-
ghlaise.
Tunics, 33, n.
Tuoghs, 124, w.
Tyrone. See Tir Eoghain.
Tyrrell, 180, w.
U.
Uaclit-magb, 93
Uaithne (Owney), 43, 45, 45, w., 61, Co,
71, 79, 87
Cliach, barony of Owney Beg,
Limerick, 45, «.
Tire, barony of Owney, in
Tipperary, 45, n.
Ucht-na-rioghna, 89, 93
Ui Bairrche (Leinster tribe), descend-
ed from Daire Barrach, son of Ca-
thacir Mor, ]\Iac Gorman or O'Gor-
man the cliiefs, . 194, n., 212, n., 213
— Breacain (Ibrickan), . . . . 212, m.
— Beccon, a Meatli tribe, situate at
Tir Beccon, Eatoath, 177, 182, w., 183,
191
— Blathmaic, tribe of Blathmac, situ-
ate at Blathewyc, round Nevvtown-
ards, 157, 163, 163, n.
— Breasail, or Clann Rreasail (Clan-
brazil), or Ui Breasal Macha, a tribe
descended from Breasal, situate south
of Lough Ne,"gh, . . 145, 147, 147, «.
— Bhriain (O'Briens), Maiiiister an
Aenaigh, 91, n.
— Briuin, of Connacht, tribes descend-
ed from Brian, brother of Niall of
the Nine Hostages, 107, 107,//., 113, 115
Archoill, or Ui Briuin of
Ulster, descended from Brian of"
I'AGE.
Archoill Muintir Birn, a tribe situ-
ate in Tyrone, 145, 151, 151, «., 246, w.,
247
Ui Bruin Seola, a tribe of the Ui
Briuin of Connacht, in the barony
of Clare, county of Galway, . . 18, >/.,
107,7/.
— Buidhe, of Leinster, west of the
Barrow, in Crioch 0' m-Bmdhe, . 213,
213, n.
— Caeimh (O'KeefTes), 2G1, //.
— Catharnaigh (O'Caharneys, now
Foxes), 180, n.
— Ceataigh (Breathy), .... 197, n.
Ceinnseallaigh, descended from
Eanna Ceinnsealach, tribes of this
race, 194, m., 202, »., 208, n., 220, w.,
221, 234, «., 250, «., 251, 252, n., 253
— Chairbre, king of, or Ui Chairbre
Aebhdha, tribe of O'Donnobhain, in
Limerick, 71, 77, w., 85, «.
Chonaill Ghabhra. See Ui Ghabhra.
, . 71, 76, n., 77, 258, «., 259
Creamhthann, a race of the Oir-
ghialla, situate near Slane, 145, 152, n.,
153
— Criomhthannan, a Leinster tribe
situate in Laeghis, in East Maiy-
borough, 216, n., 217
— Cuanach (Coonagh), east of Lime-
rick, 46, n., 92, n.
— Chuirp, 89, 95
— Deaghaidh, 196, n.
— Dearca Chein, or Ui Earca Chein,
family of Mac GioUaMuire, or Gil-
mores, .... 161, 161, n., 172, n.
— Donchadha (O'Donoghoes), settle-
ment in Magunihy, 47, ?i.
— Dortain, or Ui Torlain, a tribe of
the Oirghialla in Meath, . 145, 151,
151, n.
Index.
325
PAGE.
Ui Drona (Idrone), a Leinster tribe,
212, n., 213
— Duach (see Airgeud Rois), . . 203, n.
— Duuchadha, in Leinster, on the
Dodder, 12, »., 206, 7i.
Eacliacli, a triho of, descended from
Eochaidh of Oirghialla, situate in
Armagh, .... 145, 148, n., 149
(Iveagh, inDown), 148, w.
Uladli, or Ui Eachach Cobha,
165, n.
Mmnhan, . . . .256, n., 257
— Earca Chem (see Ui Dearca Chein),
157, 101, n.
— Eathach. See Ui Eachach.
Sec Ui Eathach.
— Eignigh, 172, «.
— Eincach-ghlais (in the barony of
Arklow), 207, n.
Muighe, . . . 212, M.
— Faelain (Offelan), tribe and terri-
tory of, . 205, 205, w., 250, n., 251,
252, n.
— Failghe ((Jffaly), trilx; and teni-
toiy of, 193, n., 205, w., 210, n., 214, n.,
220, n., 221, 252, n.
— Fcarghail (O'Farrclls), . . . 180, n.
— Fearmaic, 212, n.
_ Feilmeadha, 208, n., 209
— Feineaehhiis, 190, n.
— Fiadirach, 97, 108, n., 109, 113, 117,
119, 121, 121, n.
Fionn, or Ui Fiadiracli
ofArda Sratha, 129, 133, 133, n., 264, n.,
265
Aidhne, . . 108, n., 109, n.
— ,Fidhgheinte, tribe and territory of,
40, «., 63, 07, 67, w., 76, «., 77, n.,
78, n.
— (;al.lda, 252, h., 253
— Ghabhra, 76, ;i., 77
PACE.
Ui lueacbruis, 195, «.
— Laeghaire, 10. n.
— Liathain, tribe and territories of,
69, 72, M., 73, 82, w., 83, 256, n., 257
— Mail (Imaile), 207, /».
— Maine (Ily Many), tribe and ter-
ritory of, 97, 104, n., 100, 7t., 107, 111,
114, n., 115, 262, n., 205
— Meith (O'Meitb), . 145, 148, n., 149
Mara, 148, n.
fire, or Ui Meith Macha, 148, n.
■^- Mic Caerthainn (see Tirheerin), .119,
122, n., 123, 129, 133
— Muireadhaigh (O'JIurethi), . 200, n.,
207, n., 210, w., 212, n., 213, «.
— Niallain (O'Neilland), . 145, 146, n.,
147, 148, «.
— Neill, race of, . 36, w., 58, n., 120, n.,
219, 230, n.
— Rosa (Iveruss), 11, n.
— Suileabhain (O'Sullivans), . . 91, /j.
— Tuirtre (see Tuatha of Tort) . . 119,
124, n., 129, 135, 151, 151, n., 159, n ,
106, w.
Uilleann Eatan, 89, 9:(
Uisce Bo Neimhidb, .... 24, n., 25
Uisncach (tlie assemblies at, see Cacn-
druim), 6, n., 7, 23, 137, 249, n., 272
Uladh (Ulster), originally applied to
the entire jirovince, but here t'hicfly
limited to tlie eastern part (Down
and Antrim), 7, 23, 25, 33, 30, n.,
118, H, 137, 155, 156, n., 157, 157, «.,
158, 71., 159, n., 109, 238,n., 213, 245.
245, n., 219, 219, h.
Uliilia (applied to ea.st«m or circinn ■
scrilicd Uladh,) 37, n., 101, «., 105, n.
UUard (ihur.Ii of), 212, «.
UlUa, the llstermcn (sec Uludh), ill, n.,
247, n.
Iflbtcr. See Vlndh.
326
Indejc.
PAGE.
Ulster, (old map of ), 148,n., 152,m.,247, n.
Ulstermen (see Uladh), .... 36, n.
Ultouian Eamhain (see Eamhain), . 249
Umball (see Burrishoole, Murrisk, the
Owles, Sfc), 66, n., 57, 97, 98, n., 99,
111, 113, n.
Una, 226, n.
Unfree tribes, 174, w.
Urluacliair. See Irrluachair.
Usk, parish of, 210, ».
Valentia, island of, 82, w.
Victor (the Angel of Patrick), 30, »., 31
PAGE.
W.
Wax Candles, 14, ?j.
West Breifne, 107, w.
Connacht. See lar-Connacht.
■ Maryborough, barony of, . .214, n.
Westport, 98, n.
Wexford. See Carman.
, Fotharta of, 221, n.
Whites, 163, w.
Youghall (see Eochaill),
72, n.
THE KND.
"tn^hn^ : op^l^Ci^ jp.i^t)
PB 1397 .L38 1847 mc
Leabhar na g-ceart.
Leabhar na g-ceart
?■/
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11